Category Ranking
98%
Total Visits
921
Avg Visit Duration
2 minutes
Citations
20
Article Abstract
Background: Studies from multiple countries have suggested impaired immunity in perinatally human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-exposed uninfected children (HEU), with elevated rates of all-cause hospitalization and infections. We estimated and compared the incidence of all-cause hospitalization and infection-related hospitalization in the first 2 years of life among HEU and HIV-unexposed uninfected children (HUU) in the United States. Among HEU, we evaluated associations of maternal HIV disease-related factors during pregnancy with risk of child hospitalization.
Methods: HEU data from subjects enrolled in the Surveillance Monitoring for Antiretroviral Therapy Toxicities Study (SMARTT) cohort who were born during 2006-2017 were analyzed. HUU comparison data were obtained from the Medicaid Analytic Extract database, restricted to states participating in SMARTT. We compared rates of first hospitalization, total hospitalizations, first infection-related hospitalization, total infection-related hospitalizations, and mortality between HEU and HUU using Poisson regression. Among HEU, multivariable Poisson regression models were fitted to evaluate associations of maternal HIV factors with risk of hospitalization.
Results: A total of 2404 HEU and 3 605 864 HUU were included in the analysis. HEU children had approximately 2 times greater rates of first hospitalization, total hospitalizations, first infection-related hospitalization, and total infection-related hospitalizations compared with HUUs. There was no significant difference in mortality. Maternal HIV disease factors were not associated with the risk of child infection or hospitalization.
Conclusions: Compared with HUU, HEU children in the United States have higher rates of hospitalization and infection-related hospitalization in the first 2 years of life, consistent with studies in other countries. Closer monitoring of HEU infants for infection and further elucidation of immune mechanisms is needed.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7353328 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciz820 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 outcomes in immune-disordered people during the Omicron era: a prospective cohort study.
BMJ Public Health
August 2025
Epidemiology and Data Management Unit, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Division of Intramural Research, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Introduction: Immune-deficient/disordered people (IDP) elicit a less robust immune response to COVID-19 vaccination than the general US population. Despite millions of IDP at presumed elevated risk, few population-level studies of IDP have been conducted in the Omicron era to evaluate breakthrough infection-related outcomes.
Methods: We followed a prospective cohort of 219 IDP and 63 healthy volunteers (HV) in the USA from April 2021 (Alpha variant peak) to July 2023 (Omicron XBB variant peak).
Flavonoid compound from leaves inhibits adenovirus infection related to cell cycle based on UHPLC-Q-Exactive-Orbitrap/MS and experimental validation.
Front Cell Infect Microbiol
September 2025
Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
Introduction: leaves (FSL), a traditional Chinese ethnomedicinal herbal material used to prepare health-promoting infusions and pharmacologically noted for their robust anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and broad-spectrum antiviral activities, nevertheless have an as-yet-uncharacterized molecular mechanism of action against human adenovirus (HAdV).
Methods: Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with Q-Exactive Orbitrap mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-Exactive-Orbitrap/MS) was employed to identification of FSL components. Publicly available GEO datasets were mined to identify HAdV-associated differentially expressed genes (DEGs).
An Electronic Health Record-Wide Association Study to identify populations at increased risk of E. coli bloodstream infections.
J Infect
September 2025
Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; The National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance at the University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; The National Institute for Health Research Oxford Bi
Objectives: Escherichia coli bacteraemias have been under mandatory surveillance in the UK for fifteen years, but cases continue to rise. Systematic searches of all features present within electronic healthcare records (EHRs), described here as an EHR-wide association study (EHR-WAS), could potentially identify under-appreciated factors that could be targeted to reduce infections.
Methods: We used data from Oxfordshire, UK, and an EHR-WAS method developed for use with large-scale COVID-19 data to estimate associations between E.
International Network of Antibiotic Allergy Nations (iNAAN): Protocol for a type 2 hybrid effectiveness-implementation multicentre prospective cohort and target trial emulation study evaluating penicillin allergy delabeling via direct oral challenge.
PLoS One
September 2025
Department of Infectious Diseases, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunology, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Background: Penicillin allergies are reported in 1 in 10 hospitalised patients globally and are associated with inferior patient and health service outcomes. However, more than 95% of low-risk penicillin allergies can be removed by direct oral challenge (DOC).
Objective: The International Network of Antibiotic Allergy Nations (iNAAN) aims to evaluate the utility of an audit and feedback (A&F) and education implementation strategy to increase the adoption of penicillin DOC in patients with a low-risk penicillin allergy, while concurrently assessing the impact of penicillin DOC on antibiotic prescribing and health service outcomes.
Nutritional Immunity in Wound Infection: Unveiling the Role of Dietary Elements in Host-Pathogen Interaction.
Food Sci Nutr
September 2025
Nutritional immunity is an essential defense process by which the host restricts the supply of critical micronutrients to invading pathogens, thus hindering their survival and growth. During wound infections, this mechanism is instrumental in determining the course of host-pathogen interactions. This article discusses the pathophysiology of wound infection, beginning with the classification of wounds as acute and chronic wounds, and emphasizes how compromised epithelial barriers and chronic inflammation provide a niche for microbial colonization.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF