PcG Proteins MSI1 and BMI1 Function Upstream of miR156 to Regulate Aerial Tuber Formation in Potato.

Polycomb Repressive Complexes (PRC1 and PRC2) regulate developmental transitions in plants. AtBMI1, a PRC1 member, represses micro RNA156 (miR156) to trigger the onset of adult phase in Arabidopsis (). miR156 overexpression (OE) reduces below-ground tuber yield, but stimulates aerial tubers in potato ( ssp ) under short-day (SD) photoperiodic conditions. Whether PRC members could govern tuber development through photoperiod-mediated regulation of miR156 is unknown. Here, we investigated the role of two PRC proteins, StMSI1 (PRC2 member) and StBMI1-1, in potato development. In wild-type plants, and miR156 levels increased in stolon, whereas - decreased under SD conditions. - and --antisense (AS) lines produced pleiotropic effects, including altered leaf architecture/compounding and reduced below-ground tuber yield. Notably, these lines showed enhanced miR156 accumulation accompanied by aerial stolons and tubers from axillary nodes, similar to miR156-OE lines. Further, grafting of - or -- on wild-type stock resulted in reduced root biomass and showed increased accumulation of miR156a/b and -c precursors in the roots of wild-type stocks. RNA-sequencing of axillary nodes from -OE and -- lines revealed downregulation of auxin and brassinosteroid genes, and upregulation of cytokinin transport/signaling genes, from 1,023 differentially expressed genes shared between the two lines. Moreover, we observed downregulation of genes encoding H2A-ubiquitin ligase and StBMI1-1/3, and upregulation of Trithorax group H3K4-methyl-transferases in - Chromatin immunoprecipitation-quantitative PCR confirmed H3K27me3-mediated suppression of -/, and H3K4me3-mediated activation of miR156 in - plants. In summary, we show that cross talk between histone modifiers regulates miR156 and alters hormonal response during aerial tuber formation in potato under SD conditions.