Development of a Virus-Induced Gene Silencing System for Dioecious Coccinia grandis.

Coccinia grandis is an interesting model system to understand dioecy in Cucurbitaceae family. Recent transcriptomics and proteomics studies carried out to understand the sex expression in C. grandis have resulted in identification of many candidate sex-biased genes.

PcG Proteins MSI1 and BMI1 Function Upstream of miR156 to Regulate Aerial Tuber Formation in Potato.

Polycomb Repressive Complexes (PRC1 and PRC2) regulate developmental transitions in plants. AtBMI1, a PRC1 member, represses micro RNA156 (miR156) to trigger the onset of adult phase in Arabidopsis (). miR156 overexpression (OE) reduces below-ground tuber yield, but stimulates aerial tubers in potato ( ssp ) under short-day (SD) photoperiodic conditions.

Flower bud proteome reveals modulation of sex-biased proteins potentially associated with sex expression and modification in dioecious Coccinia grandis.

Background: Dioecy is an important sexual system wherein, male and female flowers are borne on separate unisexual plants. Knowledge of sex-related differences can enhance our understanding in molecular and developmental processes leading to unisexual flower development. Coccinia grandis is a dioecious species belonging to Cucurbitaceae, a family well-known for diverse sexual forms.

Genome-wide transcriptome analysis reveals small RNA profiles involved in early stages of stolon-to-tuber transitions in potato under photoperiodic conditions.

Background: Small RNAs (sRNAs), especially miRNAs, act as crucial regulators of plant growth and development. Two other sRNA groups, trans-acting short-interfering RNAs (tasiRNAs) or phased siRNAs (phasiRNAs), are also emerging as potential regulators of plant development. Stolon-to-tuber transition in potato is an important developmental phase governed by many environmental, biochemical and hormonal cues.

De novo transcriptome assembly from flower buds of dioecious, gynomonoecious and chemically masculinized female Coccinia grandis reveals genes associated with sex expression and modification.

Background: Coccinia grandis (ivy gourd), is a dioecious member of Cucurbitaceae having heteromorphic sex chromosomes. Chromosome constitution of male and female plants of C. grandis is 22A + XY and 22A + XX respectively.

Post-approval evaluation of effectiveness of risk minimisation: methods, challenges and interpretation.

Evaluation of the effectiveness of drug risk-minimisation measures is mandatory for both risk evaluation and mitigation strategies (REMS) in the United States and risk management plans in the European Union (EU-RMPs). Such evaluations aim to assess the impact of risk-minimisation measures on the knowledge, attitudes or behaviours of healthcare professionals or patients, the incidence of safety concerns, and their impact on the overall benefit-risk balance. Although many effectiveness evaluation models and methods are available, regulatory guidance and policy are still evolving.

Reconstruction of the knee extensor mechanism after chronic buttonhole deformity.

Chronic buttonhole deformity of the knee after patellectomy is an unusual and rare complication. Reconstruction of the extensor mechanism is difficult as the tissues are thinned and friable. The technique of repair was reinforced using semitendinosus and gracilis.