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The recently discovered glymphatic system, which supports brain-wide clearance of metabolic waste, has become the subject of intense research within the past few years. Its nomenclature arose due to its functionally analogous nature to the lymphatic system in combination with glial cells that are part of its anatomical boundaries. The influx of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from perivascular spaces into the brain interstitium acts to clear intraparenchymal solutes. CSF is produced by the choroid plexus and flows from the ventricles to the subarachnoid space via the cisterna magna, and as such the injection of tracer molecules into any one of these spaces could be used for studying CSF movement through the glymphatic system. Of these options, the cisterna magna is most favorable as it offers a route of entry that does not involve craniotomy. Herein we describe the cisterna magna (CM) injection procedure carried out in rats, essential for studying glymphatic influx and efflux dynamics.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-9068-9_7 | DOI Listing |
Neuropharmacology
September 2025
Department of Anesthesiology, Hebei Medical University Third Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei Province, PR China. Electronic address:
Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) occurs in elderly surgical patients as a common complication and manifests as cognitive decline. It is associated with neuroinflammation, microglial activation, and impaired metabolic waste clearance-key mechanisms underlying POCD. Meningeal lymphatic vessels (MLVs) facilitate the drainage of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and interstitial fluid (IF), regulating brain immune responses and clearing metabolic waste, immune cells, and antigens, thus modulating neuroinflammation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMol Ther Methods Clin Dev
September 2025
Research Institute of Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
The lysosomal storage disease alpha-mannosidosis (AMD) is caused by a genetic deficiency of lysosomal alpha-mannosidase, leading to the widespread presence of storage lesions in the brain and other tissues. Animal models of lysosomal diseases have demonstrated the benefit of early treatment; however, many human diagnoses occur after patients are symptomatic. We demonstrate here partial correction of the globally distributed storage lesions by infusion of a high dose of adeno-associated virus 1-feline alpha-mannosidase into the cerebrospinal fluid via the cisterna magna in the gyrencephalic AMD cat brain at different ages, corresponding with different stages of disease progression.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMC Pregnancy Childbirth
September 2025
Liuzhou Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention and Control, Liuzhou Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Liuzhou, 545000, Guangxi, China.
Objective: To evaluate the clinical characteristics, pregnancy and neonatal outcomes of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in pregnant women.
Methods: This retrospective study included 22,673 pregnant women from Liuzhou, Guangxi, China, between 2018 and 2024. Amniotic fluid samples collected during mid-to-late pregnancy were tested for CMV DNA.
Medicine (Baltimore)
August 2025
Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, P. R. China.
Surgery for fourth ventricular tumors (FVT) is plagued by potential CSF blockage after the tumor removal due to a plethora of reasons. Thus, we explored the use of aqueduct-fourth ventricle-cisterna magna (AFVCM) shunting as prophylactic procedure for postoperative hydrocephalus after FVT resection. We retrospectively gathered the data of patients who underwent surgery of the fourth ventricle tumor between January 2019 and December 2021 at the Department of Neurosurgery in West China Hospital of Sichuan University.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeurosurgery
August 2025
Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, The Center for Fetal and Placental Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC), Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
Background And Objectives: Congenital obstructive hydrocephalus (HCP) causes progressive, irreversible fetal brain damage through ventricular enlargement and increasing fetal cerebral tissue compression. Postnatal treatments of choice include ventriculoperitoneal shunting or endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV). Intrauterine treatments, such as ventriculoamniotic shunting, were attempted unsuccessfully 4 decades ago and failed to improve postnatal outcomes, likely due to inadequate fetal patient selection.
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