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The protein-protein interaction (PPI) target class is particularly challenging, but offers potential for "first in class" therapies. Most known PPI small molecules are orthosteric inhibitors but many PPI sites may be fundamentally intractable to this approach. One potential alternative is to consider more attractive, remote small molecule pockets; however, on the whole, allostery is poorly understood and difficult to discover and develop. Here we review the literature in order to understand the basis for allostery, especially as it can apply to PPIs. We suggest that the upfront generation of sophisticated and experimentally validated dynamic models of target proteins can aid in target choice and strategy for allosteric intervention to produce the required functional effect.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules200916435 | DOI Listing |
J Med Chem
September 2025
Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou 510005, P. R. China.
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major pathogen causing acute respiratory infections, and the RSV fusion glycoprotein (F) has been identified as a key target for developing small-molecule inhibitors. Based on our prior identification of lonafarnib as an F protein inhibitor, medicinal chemistry efforts led to the development of , which exhibits significantly enhanced potency against both laboratory and clinical RSV isolates in cellular assays. Time-of-addition and SPR assays indicate that inhibits viral entry by targeting the RSV F protein, but has farnesyltransferase-independent antiviral efficacy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Neurochem
September 2025
Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.
Microglia, the resident immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS), are involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB), and Parkinson's disease (PD). 14-3-3 proteins act as molecular hubs to regulate protein-protein interactions, which are involved in numerous cellular functions, including cellular signaling, protein folding, and apoptosis. We previously revealed decreased 14-3-3 levels in the brains of human subjects with neurodegenerative diseases.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCancer Biol Med
September 2025
Department of Oncology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, China.
Objective: Osimertinib (OSI) therapy, a cornerstone in treating non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), has been severely limited by rapidly developing acquired resistance. Inhibition of bypass activation using a combination strategy holds promise in overcoming this resistance. Biguanides, with excellent anti-tumor effects, have recently attracted much attention for this potential.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFuture Med Chem
September 2025
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey.
In this review, the primary aim is to examine non-azole ring systems that have analgesic activity and, where applicable, to establish structure - activity relationships (SARs) with the nine major pathways, prostaglandin synthesis inhibition, opioid receptor modulation, sodium channel blockade, enhancement of serotonin and norepinephrine levels, cannabinoid receptor (CBR) binding, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonism, transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TRPV1) antagonism, and P2X purinergic receptor blockade, have been described for pain relief. Analgesic effects have been observed in compounds containing ring systems such as piperidine, piperazine, pyridine, pyridazine, pyrazine, morpholine, thiomorpholine, pyran, thiopyran, indane, benzofuran, benzothiophene, quinoline, quinazoline, and chromene. These ring systems were classified in the whole study, first according to their molecular weights and then by bioisosteric similarity as same as first part.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPlant Dis
September 2025
Shenyang Agricultural University, College of Plant Protection, Nematology Institute of Northern China, Shenyang, China;
Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) cause catastrophic yield losses in global agriculture. This study identified itaconic acid (IA), through comparative metabolomic analysis (the study of small molecules in biological systems), as a key virulence-related metabolite produced by the fungus Trichoderma citrinoviride Snef1910.
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