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Changes in the concentration of cytoplasmic calcium, [Ca(2+)]cyt are central regulators in many cellular signal transduction pathways including many lipid-mediated regulatory networks. Given this central role that [Ca(2+)] has during plant growth, monitoring spatial and temporal [Ca(2+)] dynamics can reveal a critical component of cellular physiology. Here, we describe the measurement of [Ca(2+)]cyt in Arabidopsis root cells using plants expressing Yellow Cameleon 3.6 (YC 3.6). YC3.6 is a Ca(2+)-sensitive biosensor where the intensity of its fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) signal changes as the Ca(2+) level within the cell rises and falls. The FRET from this calcium reporter can be visualized using confocal microscopy and the resultant images converted to a quantitative map of the levels of Ca(2+) using an approach called ratio analysis.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-401-2_27 | DOI Listing |
J Gen Physiol
November 2025
Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM , Montpellier, France.
The sodium leak channel NALCN, a key regulator of neuronal excitability, associates with three ancillary subunits that are critical for its function: a subunit called FAM155, which interacts with the extracellular regions of the channel, and two cytoplasmic subunits called UNC79 and UNC80. Interestingly, NALCN and FAM155 have orthologous phylogenetic relationships with the fungal calcium channel Cch1 and its subunit Mid1; however, UNC79 and UNC80 have not been reported outside of animals. In this study, we leveraged expanded gene sequence data available for eukaryotes to reexamine the evolutionary origins of NALCN and Cch1 channel subunits.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMol Plant
September 2025
Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China. Electronic address:
Effector-triggered immunity (ETI) in plants is mediated by intracellular nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLRs), which converge on calcium (Ca) signaling pathways. However, how NLR-induced Ca signals initiate downstream immune responses, such as enhancing reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling, remains largely unclear. In this study, we identified a calcium-dependent protein kinase (CPK) that regulates sustained ETI-ROS signaling.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Biol Macromol
September 2025
Cancer Biology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 701 Ilalo Street, Hawaii, HI 96813, USA. Electronic address:
RGPR-p117 is a newly discovered transcription factor that specifically binds to the nuclear factor I consensus motif, TTGGC(N)CC, in the promoter region of the regucalcin gene. This gene plays a multifunctional role in cell regulation. The human RGPR-p117 gene comprises 26 exons totaling approximately 4.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFZhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi
July 2025
Department of Breast, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital Beijing 100029, China.
Study on the mechanism of Fangxia Dihuang Formula(FXDH) in treating breast cancer complicated with depression through the regulation of M1/M2 microglial polarization via the PERK/eIF2α axis. In addition to control group and 4T1 group, a mouse model of breast cancer complicated with depression was established using 4T1 cells combined with corticosterone. The mice were divided into model group, PERK/eIF2α signaling axis agonist(CCT020312, 2 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)) group, CCT020312(2 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)) + FXDH(13.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProc Natl Acad Sci U S A
September 2025
Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110.
Despite the clinical significance of many nonenveloped viruses, the molecular mechanisms of their internalization and membrane penetration are not well understood. Rotaviruses (RVs) are nonenveloped double-stranded RNA viruses and the leading cause of severe dehydrating diarrhea in infants and young children. We identified fatty acid 2-hydroxylase (encoded by ) in the fatty acid 2-hydroxylation pathway as a proviral gene that supports RV infection.
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