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The cell line (BTI-TN-5B1-4) of Trichoplusia ni had been selected by Bacilllus thuringiensis (Bt) toxin Cry1Ac for 86 generations continuously. A high level of resistance was achieved and the partial characterizations of the resistance-selected BTI-TN-5B1-4 cells were studied in order to explore the mechanism of the resistance to Bt toxin. The cells selected by Cry1Ac had low level of cross-resistance (19.7 fold) to Cry1C, their ability of tolerance in the hypotonic solution increased evidently (2.5 fold), and there were differential membrane proteins between resistance-selected and unselected susceptible cells on two dimensional electrophoresis maps. We supposed the changes of membrane proteins in resistant cells would be linked to the cross-resistance to Cry1C and the increase of tolerance in hypotonic solution.
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J Invertebr Pathol
September 2025
Division of Genomic Resources, ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Bengaluru 560024, India; School of Agricultural Innovations and Advanced Learning (VAIAL), Vellore Institute of Technology, Tamil Nadu 632014, India.
The lack of compliance with refugia planting by growers of transgenic cotton expressing toxins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is a major factor contributing to the development of resistance to the Bt toxins Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab and outbreak of pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella in several cotton growing regions of India. The present study estimated the resistant alleles frequency in South Indian populations of P. gossypiella against Cry1Ac + Cry2Ab toxins produced by Bt Bollgard II® cotton.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiotechnol Lett
September 2025
Unit of Microbiology and Immunology, Vector Control Research Centre, Indian Council of Medical Research, Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Puducherry, 605006, India.
Effective mosquito control is essential for reducing the transmission of vector-borne diseases. This study focuses on the comprehensive characterization of mosquitocidal toxins produced by Bacillus thuringiensis serovar israelensis (Bti) VCRC B646 and the associated insecticidal genes. The bacterium was cultured, and the spore-crystal complex was purified to identify the mosquitocidal proteins.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProtein Pept Lett
September 2025
Center for Advanced Therapeutics, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya Campus, Nakornpathom 73170, Thailand.
Background: Bacillus thuringiensis Cry toxins are well known for their insecticidal properties, primarily through the formation of ion-leakage pores via α4-α5 hairpins. His178 in helix 4 of the Cry4Aa mosquito-active toxin has been suggested to play a crucial role in its biotoxicity.
Objective: This study aimed to investigate the functional importance of Cry4Aa-His178 through experimental and computational analyses.
Pestic Biochem Physiol
November 2025
Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100
The insect midgut peritrophic membrane (PM) plays important roles in insect-microbe interactions. Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) and its proteinaceous toxins are widely used for insect control. To understand the role of PM in insects against Bt toxins, this study selected Grapholita molesta Busck (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), a worldwide pest infesting fruit trees, as the research subject.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPest Manag Sci
September 2025
State Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Forestry Biosecurity, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
Background: Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) insecticidal proteins, including crystalline (Cry) proteins and vegetative insecticidal proteins (Vips), are extensively used in transgenic crops due to their efficacy, low environmental impact, and safety. The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, has evolved practical resistance to Cry1Fa, yet no practical resistance to Vip3Aa has been documented. However, both laboratory selection and field screen studies indicate a high potential for this pest to evolve resistance to Vip3Aa, making it crucial to evaluate potential resistance genes.
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