Seismic detection of a 600-km solid inner core in Mars.

For rocky planets, the presence of a solid inner core has notable implications on the composition and thermal evolution of the core and on the magnetic history of the planet. On Mars, geophysical observations have confirmed that the core is at least partially liquid, but it is unknown whether any part of the core is solid. Here we present an analysis of seismic data acquired by the InSight mission, demonstrating that Mars has a solid inner core.

Deciphering thermal degradation pathways of metal halide perovskite thin films under ambient conditions.

Understanding the dynamic lattice collapse pathways under thermal stress is pivotal for designing stable perovskite and improving the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, the lack of dynamic molecular-level characterization techniques has limited a comprehensive understanding of the degradation pathways involved. In this study, we use temperature-dependent Raman spectroscopy (25-375 °C) coupled with multimodal characterization to investigate A-site cation-dependent degradation pathways in mixed-halide perovskites, specifically FACsPbI (FACs) and FAMAPbI (FAMA).

TTC4 Overexpression Attenuates Allergic Rhinitis via Inhibiting AMPK-Mediated Autophagy.

Introduction: IL-33 was regarded as an inducer of Th2 differentiation and autophagy. Imbalanced Th1/Th2 percentage and autophagy play a crucial role in the development of allergic rhinitis (AR). Here, we investigated the role and action mechanism of tetratricopeptide repeat domain 4 (TTC4) in AR development through regulation IL-33 production.

How to encourage well-being with reminders interventions: A field experiment on food waste separation and composting behaviors.

Although well-being is a fundamental human goal, few studies have clarified the causal relationship between well-being and waste separation, which strongly affects sustainable development. We propose that, assuming humans' innate affinity for nature (the biophilia theory), waste separation would be conducive to a sense of life meaning and well-being. To test this hypothesis, we systematically investigate how food waste separation and composting behaviors affect subjective well-being and meaning in life in a longitudinal field experiment.

High Pressure-Temperature Study of MgF, CaF, and BaF by Raman Spectroscopy: Phase Transitions and Vibrational Properties of AF Difluorides.

The phase transition of AF difluorides strongly depends on pressure, temperature, and cationic radius. Here, we have investigated the phase transition of three difluorides, including MgF, CaF, and BaF, at simultaneously high pressures and temperatures using Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction in externally heated diamond anvil cells up to 55 GPa at 300-700 K. Rutile-type difluoride MgF with a small cationic radius undergoes a transition to the CaCl-type phase at 9.

Epoxy Resins With Controllable "Thermally Conductive-Self-Healing" Synergies: a New Material to Meet the Needs of Flexible Electronic Devices.

With the popularization of 5G technology and artificial intelligence, thermally conductive epoxies with self-healing ability will be widely used in flexible electronic materials. Although many compounds containing both performances have been synthesized, there is little systematic theory to explain the coordination mechanism. In this paper, alkyl chains of different lengths were introduced to epoxies to discuss the thermally conductive, the self-healing performance, and the synergistic effect.

Dual-channel mechano-phosphorescence: a combined locking effect with twisted molecular structures and robust interactions.

Organic mechanoluminescence materials, featuring dual emission and ultralong phosphorescence characteristics, exhibit significant potential for applications in real-time stress sensing, pressure-sensitive lighting, advanced security marking techniques, and material breakage monitoring. However, due to immature molecular design strategies and unclear luminescence mechanisms, these materials remain rarely reported. In this study, we propose a valuable molecular design strategy to achieve dual-channel mechano-phosphorescence.

Dynamic Ultra-long Room Temperature Phosphorescence Enabled by Amorphous Molecular "Triplet Exciton Pump" for Encryption with Temporospatial Resolution.

Organic ultra-long room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials in the amorphous state have attracted widespread attention due to their simple preparation and flexibility to adopt various forms in sensors, bioimaging, and encryption applications. However, the amorphous molecular host for the host-guest RTP systems is highly demanded but limited. Here, a universal molecular host (DPOBP-Br) has been designed by integration of an amorphous moiety of diphenylphosphine oxide (DPO) and an intersystem crossing (ISC) group of 4-bromo-benzophenone (BP-Br).

The molecular mechanism of naringin improving endometrial receptivity of OHSS rats.

Controlling ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) in the controlled ovarian hyperstimulation treatment is necessary to increase the implantation success rate. This study aimed to explore the effect of naringin on the endometrial receptivity of OHSS rats. Female rats were randomly assigned to six groups: Blank, model, low-dose naringin (100 mg/kg/day), medium-dose naringin (200 mg/kg/day), high-dose naringin (400 mg/kg/day), and positive (0.

Achieving Stable and Switchable Ultralong Room-Temperature Phosphorescence from Polymer-Based Luminescent Materials with Three-Dimensional Covalent Networks for Light-Manipulated Anticounterfeiting.

Developing polymer-based organic afterglow materials with switchable ultralong organic phosphorescence (UOP) that are insensitive to moisture remains challenging. Herein, two organic luminogens, BBCC and BBCS, were synthesized by attaching 7-benzo[]carbazole (BBC) to benzophenone and diphenyl sulfone. These two emitters were employed as guest molecules and doped into epoxy polymers (EPs), which were constructed by in situ polymerization to achieve polymer materials BBCC-EP and BBCS-EP.

Synergetic Conformational Regulations in Ground and Excited States for Realizing Stimulus-Responsive and Wide-Tuning Room-Temperature Phosphorescence.

Understanding the changes of molecular conformations is crucial for realizing multiple emissive triplet states in room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials. In this work, we report two molecules, 4,4'-dimethylbenzil (DMBZ) and 4,4'-di--butylbenzil (DBBZ) with conformation-dependent luminescence, and demonstrate that stimulus-responsive and wide-tuning RTP emissions can be realized via synergetic conformational regulations in ground and excited states. Due to conformational changes, DMBZ and DBBZ show abundant RTP variations upon external stimuli, including light, force, heat, and fumigation.

Isomeric thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters for highly efficient organic light-emitting diodes.

The isomeric strategy is an important design concept in molecular design that has a non-negligible influence on molecular properties. Herein, two isomeric thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters (NTPZ and TNPZ) are constructed with the same skeleton consisting of an electron donor and electron acceptor but different connection sites. Systematic investigations show that NTPZ exhibits a small energy gap, large up-conversion efficiency, low non-radiative decay, and high photoluminescence quantum yield.

Switchable and Highly Robust Ultralong Room-Temperature Phosphorescence from Polymer-Based Transparent Films with Three-Dimensional Covalent Networks for Erasable Light Printing.

In this work, an efficient polymer-based organic afterglow system, which shows reversible photochromism, switchable ultralong organic phosphorescence (UOP), and prominent water and chemical resistance simultaneously, has been developed for the first time. By doping phenoxazine (PXZ) and 10-ethyl-10H-phenoxazine (PXZEt) into epoxy polymers, the resulting PXZ@EP-0.25 % and PXZEt@EP-0.

A dish-like molecular architecture for dynamic ultralong room-temperature phosphorescence through reversible guest accommodation.

Developing dynamic organic ultralong room-temperature phosphorescent (URTP) materials is of practical importance in various applications but remains a challenge due to the difficulty in manipulating aggregate structures. Herein, we report a dish-like molecular architecture via a bottom-up way, featuring guest-responsive dynamic URTP. Through controlling local fragment motions in the molecular architecture, fascinating dynamic URTP performances can be achieved in response to reversible accommodation of various guests, including solvents, alkyl bromides and even carbon dioxide.

Hot dense silica glass with ultrahigh elastic moduli.

Silicate and oxide glasses are often chemically doped with a variety of cations to tune for desirable properties in technological applications, but their performances are often limited by relatively lower mechanical and elastic properties. Finding a new route to synthesize silica-based glasses with high elastic and mechanical properties needs to be explored. Here, we report a dense SiO-glass with ultra-high elastic moduli using sound velocity measurements by Brillouin scattering up to 72 GPa at 300 K.

Asymmetric Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitter for Highly Efficient Red/Near-Infrared Organic Light-Emitting Diodes.

Developing highly efficient red/near-infrared thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials is of great importance for organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Here, we reported an asymmetric TADF emitter (TCPQ), which exhibits a high reverse intersystem crossing rate as well as a low non-radiative rate due to molecular symmetry breaking through multiple donor substitution. The coexistence of multiple donors endows TCPQ with not only near-infrared emission but also excellent device performances.

Ensemble deep learning with multi-objective optimization for prognosis of rotating machinery.

With the emerging of Internet of Things and smart sensing techniques, enormous monitoring data has been collected by prognostics and health management (PHM) systems. Predicting the Remaining useful life (RUL) of mechanical components from monitoring data has always been a challenging task in many industries, yet determining RUL accurately is identified as one of the most demanded outcomes of PHM systems. In this study, an ensemble deep learning with multi-objective optimization (EDL-MO) method is proposed for RUL prediction.

Operando Raman spectroscopic evidence of electron-phonon interactions in NiO/TiO pn junction photodetectors.

The pn junctions significantly affect the responsivity of photodetectors (PDs). However, the enhancement mechanism of the pn junction is still unclear. Herein, operando Raman spectroscopy was employed to study PDs with NiO/TiO pn junctions composed of p-NiO nanoparticles (NPs) and n-TiO nanotube arrays (TNAs).

Perspective for elasticity of minerals in the Earth's top lower mantle.

The elasticity of minerals under high pressure-temperature conditions is crucial for constraining mantle composition. This perspective highlights recent advances in experimental and theoretical work in determining the elasticity of minerals to resolve the origin of low-velocity layers and the seismic anisotropy in the top lower mantle.

Study of the spatio-temporal variation of environmental sustainability at national and provincial levels in China.

Environmental problems create a significant barrier for China in achieving its Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Assessing environmental sustainability is critical for China to meet the SDGs. Few studies, however, have looked into environmental sustainability in China.

Regulation mechanism of miR-494-3p on endometrial receptivity in mice via PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.

Successful implantation requires endometrial receptivity. To investigate the mechanisms of miR-494-3p on endometrial receptivity, GnRHa's superovulation scheme was designed to reduce endometrial receptivity, and the pregnant mice were injected with miR-494-3p antagomir. The regulatory role of miR-494-3p was identified by RT-qPCR, uterine blastocyst count, scanning electron microscopy, hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, and Western blot.

Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Activity of ZrO Nanoparticles: Effect of Tetragonal and Monoclinic Phases.

The effect of the ZrO crystal form on surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) activity was studied. The ratio of the tetragonal (T) and monoclinic (M) phases of ZrO nanoparticles (ZrO NPs) was controlled by regulating the ratio of two types of additives in the hydrothermal synthesis method. The SERS intensity of 4-mercaptobenzoic acid (4-MBA) was gradually enhanced by changing the M and T phase ratio in ZrO NPs.