Osmoregulatory evolution of gills promoted salinity adaptation following the sea-land transition of crustaceans.

Unlabelled: The sea-land transition is one of the most dramatic evolutionary changes and requires an adaptive genetic response to salinity changes and osmotic stress. Here, we used multi-species genomes and multi-tissue transcriptomes of the talitrid crustaceans, a living sea-land transition model, to investigate the adaptive genetic changes and osmoregulatory organs that facilitated their salinity adaptation. Genomic analyses detected numerous osmoregulatory genes in terrestrial talitrids undergoing gene family expansions and positive selection.

Two new species of Sarothrogammarus (Crustacea, Amphipoda) from Swat Valley, Pakistan.

Two new species of the genus Sarothrogammarus Martynov, 1935 are described and illustrated from Pakistan. Sarothrogammarus miandamensis sp. nov.

Cryptic diversity begets challenges and opportunities in biodiversity research.

How many species of life are there on Earth? This is a question that we want to know but cannot yet answer. Some scholars speculate that the number of species may reach 2.2 billion when considering cryptic diversity and that each morphology-based insect species may contain an average of 3.

Taxonomic study of the genus Gammarus (Amphipoda, Gammaridae) from Xinjiang, China, with description of a new species.

A new species, Gammarus hoboksar Hou, sp. nov., is described from the Irtysh River basin of Xinjiang, China.

Past climate cooling promoted global dispersal of amphipods from Tian Shan montane lakes to circumboreal lakes.

Climate changes have substantial impacts on the geographic distribution of montane lakes and evolutionary dynamics of cold-adapted species. Past climate cooling is hypothesized to have promoted the dispersal of cold-adapted species via montane lakes, while future climate warming is thought to constrain their distributions. We test this hypothesis by using phylogeographic analysis and niche modeling of the Holarctic crustacean Gammarus lacustris with global sampling comprised of 567 sequenced individuals and 3180 occurrence records.

Chromosomal-level genome of a sheet-web spider provides insight into the composition and evolution of venom.

Spiders are the most abundant venomous predators in the world. Previous research related to spider venom has mostly relied on transcriptomes and proteomes, with only a few high-quality genomes available. This is far from consistent with the species diversity of spiders.

Cenozoic Tethyan changes dominated Eurasian animal evolution and diversity patterns.

Cenozoic tectonic evolution in the Tethyan region has greatly changed the landforms and environment of Eurasia, driving the evolution of animals and greatly affecting the diversity patterns of Eurasian animals. By combining the latest Tethyan paleogeographic models and some recently published Eurasian zoological studies, we systematically summarize how tectonic evolution in the Tethyan region has influenced the evolution and diversity patterns of Eurasian animals. The convergence of continental plates, closure of Tethys Sea, and Tethyan sea-level changes have directly affected the composition and spatial distribution of Eurasian animal diversity.

Ancient volcanos as species pumps: A case study of freshwater amphipods in Northeast Asia.

Volcano-tectonic processes have been viewed as primary drivers in the formation of present-day diversity. Volcanos associated with mountain uplifts drive allopatric speciation through vicariance and may impact the surrounding areas like species pump or species attractor. However, the application of these hypotheses to aquatic fauna has rarely been tested explicitly.

Floresorchestia xueli, a new terrestrial crustacean (Amphipoda, Talitridae) from Yunnan, China.

A new species, Floresorchestia xueli Tong Hou, sp. nov. is described from high altitude habitats of Yunnan, China.

A corrigendum to the phylogeny of the family Gammaridae (Crustacea: Amphipoda).

We stated an error in our previous DNA analysis of Gammaridae. The right position of Zenkevitchia in the phylogenetic tree is close to marine and American Gammarus spp., far from the Dinaric troglobiotic Typhlogammarus group of genera.

Two species of Talitridae (Crustacea, Amphipoda) from Kenya.

Two species of the family Talitridae Rafinesque, 1815 are described from English Point Beach, Mkomani, Mombasa, Kenya. One new species Floresorchestia mkomani Bichang'a Hou, sp. nov.

, a new species of Amphipoda (Gammaridae) from China.

A relic amphipod of the Tethys, , is described from Xinjiang, China. The new species is characterized by the absence of eyes; having the palm of the propodus without a mid-palmar spine on gnathopods I-II; a weakly concave coxal plate IV; narrow bases of pereopods V-VII; a peduncle of uropod I without a basofacial spine; uropod III longer than uropods I-II, a scale-like inner ramus, and a biarticulate outer ramus with distinct second article. Detailed morphological comparisons with related species are discussed.

, a new species of subterranean Amphipoda from southern China (Bogidiellidae).

A new species of subterranean amphipod, Hou & Li, , is described from Xiongshizilong Cave in Pingxiang City, China. The new species is characterized by having the bases of pereopods III and V expanded; the inner ramus of pleopods I-III with one segment; the telson longer than wide and with the apical margin with a shallow U-shaped excavation. DNA barcode of the new species is documented as support of molecular differences between related species.

Three new remarkable amphipod species (Crustacea: Gammaridae) from springs and subterranean waters of Central Asia.

Three new species of the family Gammaridae-Gammarus troglomorphus, sp. n., G.

Seven new freshwater species of from southern China (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Gammaridae).

Seven new species of the genus are described and illustrated from southern China. The new species Hou & Li, , Hou & Li, , Hou & Li, and Hou & Li, are characterized by inner ramus of uropod III half the length of outer ramus. Hou & Li, is characterized by inner ramus of uropod III 0.

Four new species from Tibetan Plateau with a key to Tibetan freshwater gammarids (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Gammaridae).

Four new species of the genus are described and illustrated from Tibetan Plateau. and are characterized by pereopods III-IV with a few short setae and uropod III with marginal spines accompanied by short setae. and are characterized by pereopods III-IV with long straight setae on posterior margins and inner ramus of uropod III 0.

sp. nov. (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Talitridae), a new species of landhopper from the high altitude forests in Myanmar.

. is described from high altitude habitats in Myanmar. The new species differs morphologically from its congeners by palp of maxilliped narrow; sexually dimorphic gnathopod Ⅱ, propodus of male chelate and propodus of female mitten-shaped; and dimorphic uropod Ⅱ, outer ramus of male with small teeth distally, outer ramus of female with three distal spines.

A new terrestrial talitrid genus, , with two new species from Myanmar (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Talitridae).

Hou, with two new species is described from terrestrial habitats in Myanmar. This new genus is characterised by 4-dentate lacinia on left mandible, simple gnathopod I in both sexes, weakly chelate gnathopod II in male, simplidactylate pereopods and complex and lobed gills. Hou, closely resembles Hou, in gnathopod II merus and carpus protuberant on posterior margin; however, the former is distinguished from the latter by palp of maxilla I with two articles, coxal gills convoluted, and telson with nicks on surface.

Tethyan changes shaped aquatic diversification.

The Tethys Ocean existed between the continents of Gondwana and Laurasia from the Triassic to the Pliocene. Analyses of multiple biogeographic and phylogenetic histories reveal that the subsequent breakup of the Tethys greatly influenced the distributions of many species. The ancestral Tethyan realm broke into five biogeographic provinces, including the present-day East Pacific, West Atlantic, East Atlantic, Mediterranean Sea, and Indo-West Pacific.

Two new species and a new name (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Gammaridae) from Northwest China.

Two new species of the genus Gammarus are described and illustrated from Northwest China. A new species name Gammarus tianshan nom. nov.

Description of a new species of Victoriopisa Karaman & Barnard, 1979 (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Eriopisidae) from China, with a key to the genus Victoriopisa.

Victoriopisa multiartus sp. nov. is described from mangrove in Qi'ao Island, China.

Phylogenetic analyses of Gammaridae crustacean reveal different diversification patterns among sister lineages in the Tethyan region.

The Gammaridae shows the greatest disparity in species diversity and distribution pattern in the Amphipoda, with some genera ranging from the Palearctic to Nearctic, while others are limited to the Mediterranean region or ancient Tethyan margins. Here we present the first molecular phylogenetic analysis of the Gammaridae to investigate its evolutionary history using four genetic markers and a comprehensive set of taxa representing 198 species. The phylogenetic results revealed that the Gammaridae originated from the Tethyan region in the Cretaceous, and split into three morphologically and geographically distinct lineages by the end of the Paleocene.

Marine incursion into East Asia: a forgotten driving force of biodiversity.

Episodic marine incursion has been a major driving force in the formation of present-day diversity. Marine incursion is considered to be one of the most productive 'species pumps' particularly because of its division and coalescence effects. Marine incursion events and their impacts on diversity are well documented from South America, North America and Africa; however, their history and impacts in continental East Asia largely remain unknown.