An's anorectal fumigation lotion for nuclear factor kappa-B pathway-targeted treatment of inflammatory mixed hemorrhoids.

Objective: To investigate the mechanism by which An's anorectal fumigation lotion (AAFL) treats inflammatory mixed hemorrhoids.

Methods: Eighty Sprague-Dawley rats, with an equal number of males and females, were randomly assigned to the following four groups: control, model, AAFL, and positive groups. Following hemorrhoid induction, hemorrhoidal tissues were collected from the rats for analysis.

Clinical Efficacy of Ultrasound Guidance in Brachial Plexus Nerve Conduction Study: A Comparative Analysis.

Introduction: Brachial plexopathy is a diagnostically challenging condition that requires a comprehensive evaluation, including physical examination, imaging, and Electrodiagnostic (EDx).

Testing: Ultrasound guidance may improve the efficiency and precision of nerve conduction studies by addressing the limitations of blind techniques, such as discomfort and inaccurate localization.

Methods: We prospectively enrolled 30 patients undergoing electrodiagnostic testing.

High Sensitivity SERS Substrate with Femtosecond Laser-Printed Nanohole Arrays.

This article presents a novel method for fabricating repeatable and uniform surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates. The proposed method consists of two steps: (1) the fabrication of nanohole arrays using advanced femtosecond laser-induced two-photon polymerization (TPP) technology; and (2) the deposition of 9 nm thick silver nanoparticles on the nanohole arrays. The proposed nanohole arrays were optimized at the diameter, and the thickness of the silver film at two parameters.

Polar Lithium l-Aspartate Monohydrate: A Semiorganic Ultraviolet Transparent Nonlinear Optical Crystal.

Ultraviolet (UV) nonlinear optical (NLO) crystals capable of expanding common laser sources to the UV regime are core components of solid-state lasers. Currently, exploring UV NLO crystals in hybrid organic-inorganic systems is receiving increasing attention. Herein, we report the synthesis, characterization, and linear and NLO properties of a semiorganic UV NLO crystal, namely, lithium l-aspartate monohydrate, Li(L-OOCNHCHCHCOO)·HO ().

Designing a 3-Hydroxypropane-1-Sulfonate Deep-Ultraviolet Nonlinear Optical Crystal.

Although 3-hydroxypropane-1-sulfonates are discovered several decades ago, their nonlinear optical (NLO) properties have remained unexplored, mainly because most of them crystallize in centrosymmetric space groups. Herein, by incorporating polarizable rare-earth metal La cations, a novel non-centrosymmetric 3-hydroxypropane-1-sulfonate, namely La[SO(CH)OH] is designed and synthesized, whose crystal structure features 3D framework constructed by highly distorted [LaO] polyhedra and [SO(CH)OH] anions. Experimental results reveal that La[SO(CH)OH] is NLO-active with a moderate second-harmonic generation response of 0.

Fiber angular displacement sensor utilizing orbital angular momentum beam interference.

In this Letter, a highly sensitive and wide-range sensing system for fiber angular displacement measurement based on orbital angular momentum (OAM) beam interference is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The system utilizes a micro polarization-maintaining fiber (PMF) as the angular displacement sensing element, effectively converting the angular displacement of fiber bending into an interference phase difference through the interaction of OAM modes and spherical wave interference. A dedicated algorithm is developed to demodulate the rotational characteristics of the interference image, enabling precise angular displacement measurement.

3D-printed fiber-based perfect vortex beam generator.

An all-fiber focused perfect vortex beam (PVB) generator is reported and fabricated by using 3D printing technology. The generator is constructed by integrating a designed spiral axicon zone plate (SAZP) on the fiber-end facet. The ring diameters of the generated beams are independent of the topological charges and positively correlated with the wave vectors in the transverse direction.

All-fiber focused optical vortex array generator based on a Dammann-Kinoform spiral zone plate.

An optical vortex array (OVA) provides more degrees of freedom for modulation by controlling the number and spatial distribution of optical vortices (OVs). However, traditional approaches such as spatial light modulation need to utilize numerous complex optical components to generate an OVA and bulky objective lenses to focus it. We reported a highly integrated all-fiber generator of the focused optical vortex array (FOVA) in this work.

Current status of artificial intelligence analysis for the diagnosis of gallbladder diseases using ultrasonography: a scoping review.

Background: Ultrasound (US) is the first-line imaging method for gallbladder diseases (GBDs), with advantages of easy accessibility, real-time dynamic imaging, and no radiation. However, using only visual judgment from US images to stratify the risk of gallbladder (GB) lesions is challenging. In addition, the diagnostic ability of sonographers is highly correlated with their knowledge reserves, clinical experience, and proficiency in operation.

A HTO-Type Nonlinear Optical Fluorophosphate with Ultrawide Bandgap.

Compounds having hexagonal tungsten oxides (HTO) topology are of intense research interests owing to their potential functional properties, such as nonlinear optical (NLO) performances. However, most of the reported HTO-type compounds exhibit narrow optical bandgaps because of the d-d electronic transition of compositional d transition metals and lone pair electrons effect of Se/Te, which hinder their applications in the high-energy field, such as deep-ultraviolet (deep-UV) region. In this work, a new fluorophosphate, (NH)[ScF(PO)](POF) exhibiting HTO-topological structures is reported.

Propagation dynamics and radiation forces of circular Bessel Gaussian beams carrying power-cotangent-phase vortices.

In this paper, the circular Bessel Gaussian beams (CBGBs) carrying power-cotangent-phase vortices are firstly introduced, whose propagation dynamics are explored theoretically and experimentally. The number of spiral lobes, rotation direction, rotation angle, and shape of the new type of beam can be flexibly modulated by controlling multiple parameters of power-cotangent-phase vortices. Accordingly, the effect of multiple beam parameters on abruptly autofocusing ability is quantified and compared by using the K-value curve that is described by ratio Im/I, where Im and I correspond to the maximum intensities at different propagation distance and the initial plane, respectively.

Light-Sheet Skew Ray-Based Microbubble Chemical Sensor for Pb Measurements.

A multimode fiber-based sensor is proposed and demonstrated for the detection of lead traces in contaminated water. The sensing mechanism involves using a light sheet to excite a specific group of skew rays that optimizes light absorption. The sensing region features an inline microbubble structure that funnels the skew rays into a tight ring, thereby intensifying the evanescent field.

Experimental study of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in the evaluation of random-pattern flap blood supply in the early postoperative stage in rats.

Purpose: This study aims to investigate whether contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) could be used to reveal the status of blood supply of the superficial flap of rat model in the early postoperative stage.

Methods: One viable and one ischemic random-pattern flap were prepared on the left and right back of the same rat respectively with a number of 40. CEUS examinations were applied within 12 h and 7 days postoperatively, and the quantitative measurements of microvascular blood volume (BV) of the base and the end of both flaps were expressed using acoustic intensity as a ratio to that of the healthy skin.

Correction: Hydrogen bonding bolstered head-to-tail ligation of functional chromophores in a 0D SbF·glycine adduct for a short-wave ultraviolet nonlinear optical material.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1039/D4SC01353K.].

Bi(SO)F·HO and Bi(SO)(NO)·3HO: Chemical Substitution-Induced Birefringence Enhancement in Bismuth Sulfates.

Two new Bi(III)-based sulfates, namely, Bi(SO)F·HO (BSOF) and Bi(SO)(NO)·3HO (BSNO), have been successfully synthesized through aliovalent replacement of partial [SO] groups with F and [NO] anions, respectively, in the parent structure of Bi(SO). Such chemical replacement altered the coordination environment of Bi cations, facilitating changes in the structure and optical properties. Notably, the birefringence values of BSOF and BSNO are found to be 4.

Topological charges measurement of circular Bessel Gaussian beam with multiple vortex singularities via cross phase.

In this paper, we firstly propose a method to measure the topological charges (TCs) of a circular Bessel Gaussian beam with multiple vortex singularities (CBGBMVS) by utilizing cross phase. Based on theory and experiment, the cross phase is utilized to realize the TCs measurement of the CBGBMVS in free space with different situations, such as different singularity number, TCs and singularity location. Especially, the TCs measurement method is also investigated and verified in atmosphere turbulence.

Hydrogen bonding bolstered head-to-tail ligation of functional chromophores in a 0D SbF·glycine adduct for a short-wave ultraviolet nonlinear optical material.

The key properties of nonlinear optical (NLO) materials highly rely on the quality of functional chromophores (FCs) and their optimized interarrangement in the lattice. Despite the screening of various FCs, significant challenges persist in optimizing their arrangement within specific structures. Generally, FC alignment is achieved by designing negatively charged 2D layers or 3D frameworks, further regulated by templating cations.

Generation and propagation of circular Airy derivative beams carrying rotationally-symmetric power-exponent-phase vortices.

In this paper, the circular Airy derivative beams carrying rotationally-symmetric power-exponent-phase vortices are proposed for the first time, whose evolutionary properties are explored by theoretical analysis as well as experimental verification. The intensity and phase distributions of this kind of beam can be flexibly modulated by controlling its parameters such as derivative order, topological charge, and power order. Intriguingly, the evolution of such beams with different fractional topological charges is also investigated in detail by means of phase singularities distribution.

Guanidinium Vanadate [C(NH)]VO·2HO Revealing Enhanced Second-Harmonic Generation and Wide Band Gaps.

A new guanidinium-templated vanadate, [C(NH)]VO·2HO, has been synthesized in a phase-pure form. It crystallizes in a noncentrosymmetric polar space group, , and the crystal structure is built upon a framework of guanidinium, vanadate tetrahedra, and water molecules linked by hydrogen bonds. Notably, optical measurements reveal that the material exhibits an approximately 9.

Tunable Bessel beam generator based on a 3D-printed helical axicon on a fiber tip.

We demonstrate a tunable and fully enclosed fiber-based Bessel beam generator that has the potential for applications in a tough environment. This generator consists of a few-mode fiber (FMF), a short section of graded index fiber (GIF), and a 3D-printed helical axicon. The FMF provides tunable modes that carry an orbital angular momentum (OAM).

Exceptional Optical Anisotropy Enhancement Achieved Through Dual-Ions Cosubstitution Strategy in Novel Hybrid Bismuth Halides.

Guided by a superb dual-ions cosubstitution strategy, two novel, highly optically anisotropic hybrid bismuth halides are designed and synthesized. The first compound, GuBiNOCl (Gu = C(NH)), is developed using the 2D perovskite halide CsBiCl as the maternal structure. This involved substituting all Cs cations with organic Gu and replacing some Cl anions with [NO].

Designing Sulfate Crystals with Strong Optical Anisotropy through π-Conjugated Tailoring.

Sulfate crystals typically exhibit minimal optical anisotropy due to the near-zero polarizability anisotropy (δ) of [SO ] tetrahedra, arising from highly symmetrical electron clouds. Recent research sought to enhance δ via chemical modifications, such as fluorination. However, the resultant crystals often maintain subpar optical anisotropy, frequently with birefringence values below 0.

Wave-band-tunable optical fiber broadband orbital angular momentum mode converter based on dispersion turning point tuning technique.

A wave-band-tunable optical fiber broadband orbital angular momentum (OAM) mode converter based on a helical long-period fiber grating (HLPFG) and dispersion turning point (DTP) tuning technique is demonstrated both theoretically and experimentally. The DTP tuning is achieved by thinning the optical fiber during the HLPFG inscription. As a proof of concept, the DTP wavelength of the LP mode is successfully tuned from the original ∼2.

Nonparaxial propagation and the radiation forces of the chirped circular Airy derivative beams.

In this paper, we investigate the nonparaxial propagation dynamics of the chirped circular Airy derivative beams (CCADBs) based on vector angular spectrum method. In the case of nonparaxial propagation, the CCADBs still maintains excellent autofocusing performances. Derivative order and chirp factor are two important physical quantities of the CCADBs to regulate the nonparaxial propagation characteristics, such as focal length, focal depth and K-value.

Tunable mode convertor based on fiber Bragg grating inscribed in graded-index nine-mode fiber.

A tunable mode convertor is experimentally demonstrated based on a fiber Bragg grating (FBG), which is fabricated in a graded-index nine-mode fiber by using a femtosecond laser. Nine linearly polarized (LP) modes were excited and the coupling efficiency of them can reach 90%. By adjusting the polarization controller, the ±1st-, ±2nd-, ±3rd-, and ±4th-order orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes were excited, which means the OAM tuning of 0-±1ℏ, 0-±2ℏ, 0-±3ℏ, and 0-±4ℏ were achieved.