Two Transcriptional Factors Antagonistically Fine-Tune MIR1863a to Balance Resistance and Yield Traits in Rice.

Immune activation usually trades off growth, leading to yield loss. Genes that coordinate resistance and yield are urgently required for crop improvement. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) provide rich candidates for coordinating resistance with yield.

Melatonin Enhances Blast Disease Resistance via Inducing Rice Immunity and Inhibits the Growth of the Magnaporthe Oryzae.

Biopesticides are promising alternatives to chemical pesticides because of their low residual effects, high selectivity, and capacity for long-term disease control. Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) may be an ideal candidate for biopesticide because it is widely present in the plant kingdom, involved in growth, development, and stress-induced responses in plants, and can inhibit the growth and propagation of some microbial pathogens. However, it remains largely unclear whether melatonin influences rice and the blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae.

Divergent response associates with the differential amplitudes of immunity against by different blast resistance genes.

Rice blast disease, caused by , poses the most devastating threat to global rice production. The products of most blast resistance () genes specifically recognize corresponding a virulence effectors from the pathogen, thereby mediating robust immune responses that are crucial for disease resistance. However, it is unclear why different genes endow with differential amplitudes of immunity against .

The FAIR database: facilitating access to public health research literature.

Objectives: In public health, access to research literature is critical to informing decision-making and to identify knowledge gaps. However, identifying relevant research is not a straightforward task since public health interventions are often complex, can have positive and negative impacts on health inequalities and are applied in diverse and rapidly evolving settings. We developed a "living" database of public health research literature to facilitate access to this information using Natural Language Processing tools.

The miR172a-SNB module orchestrates both induced and adult-plant resistance to multiple diseases via MYB30-mediated lignin accumulation in rice.

Plants mount induced resistance and adult-plant resistance against different pathogens throughout the whole growth period. Rice production faces threats from multiple major diseases, including rice blast, sheath blight, and bacterial leaf blight. Here, we report that the miR172a-SNB-MYB30 module regulates both induced and adult-plant resistance to these three major diseases via lignification in rice.

Rice false smut virulence protein subverts host chitin perception and signaling at lemma and palea for floral infection.

The flower-infecting fungus Ustilaginoidea virens causes rice false smut, which is a severe emerging disease threatening rice (Oryza sativa) production worldwide. False smut not only reduces yield, but more importantly produces toxins on grains, posing a great threat to food safety. U.

Identification of NADPH Oxidase Genes Crucial for Rice Multiple Disease Resistance and Yield Traits.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) act as a group of signaling molecules in rice functioning in regulation of development and stress responses. Respiratory burst oxidase homologues (Rbohs) are key enzymes in generation of ROS. However, the role of the nine Rboh family members was not fully understood in rice multiple disease resistance and yield traits.

HCC1, a Polygalacturonase, Regulates Chlorophyll Degradation via the Ethylene Synthesis Pathway.

Chlorophyll degradation is an important physiological process and is essential for plant growth and development. However, how chlorophyll degradation is controlled at the cellular and molecular level remains largely elusive. Pectin is a main component of the primary cell wall, and polygalacturonases (PGs) is a group of pectin-hydrolases that cleaves the pectin backbone and release oligogalacturonide.

A natural allele of proteasome maturation factor improves rice resistance to multiple pathogens.

Crops with broad-spectrum resistance loci are highly desirable in agricultural production because these loci often confer resistance to most races of a pathogen or multiple pathogen species. Here we discover a natural allele of proteasome maturation factor in rice, UMP1, that confers broad-spectrum resistance to Magnaporthe oryzae, Rhizoctonia solani, Ustilaginoidea virens and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae.

Golovinomyces cichoracearum effector-associated nuclear localization of RPW8.2 amplifies its expression to boost immunity in Arabidopsis.

Arabidopsis RESISTANCE TO POWDERY MILDEW 8.2 (RPW8.2) is specifically induced by the powdery mildew (PM) fungus (Golovinomyces cichoracearum) in the infected epidermal cells to activate immunity.

Overproduction of OsRACK1A, an effector-targeted scaffold protein promoting OsRBOHB-mediated ROS production, confers rice floral resistance to false smut disease without yield penalty.

Grain formation is fundamental for crop yield but is vulnerable to abiotic and biotic stresses. Rice grain production is threatened by the false smut fungus Ustilaginoidea virens, which specifically infects rice floral organs, disrupting fertilization and seed formation. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms of the U.

miR167d-ARFs Module Regulates Flower Opening and Stigma Size in Rice.

Flower opening and stigma exertion are two critical traits for cross-pollination during seed production of hybrid rice (Oryza sativa L.). In this study, we demonstrate that the miR167d-ARFs module regulates stigma size and flower opening that is associated with the elongation of stamen filaments and the cell arrangement of lodicules.

Loss and Natural Variations of Blast Fungal Avirulence Genes Breakdown Rice Resistance Genes in the Sichuan Basin of China.

is the causative agent of rice blast, a devastating disease in rice worldwide. Based on the gene-for-gene paradigm, resistance (R) proteins can recognize their cognate avirulence (AVR) effectors to activate effector-triggered immunity. genes have been demonstrated to evolve rapidly, leading to breakdown of the cognate resistance genes.

Blocking Osa-miR1871 enhances rice resistance against Magnaporthe oryzae and yield.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play vital roles in plant development and defence responses against various stresses. Here, we show that blocking miR1871 improves rice resistance against Magnaporthe oryzae and enhances grain yield simultaneously. The transgenic lines overexpressing miR1871 (OX1871) exhibit compromised resistance, suppressed defence responses and reduced panicle number resulting in slightly decreased yield.

Rice miR1432 Fine-Tunes the Balance of Yield and Blast Disease Resistance via Different Modules.

microRNAs act as fine-tuners in the regulation of plant growth and resistance against biotic and abiotic stress. Here we demonstrate that rice miR1432 fine-tunes yield and blast disease resistance via different modules. Overexpression of miR1432 leads to compromised resistance and decreased yield, whereas blocking miR1432 using a target mimic of miR1432 results in enhanced resistance and yield.

Blocking miR530 Improves Rice Resistance, Yield, and Maturity.

MicroRNAs fine-tune plant growth and resistance against multiple biotic and abiotic stresses. The trade-off between biomass and resistance can penalize crop yield. In this study, we have shown that rice miR530 regulates blast disease resistance, yield, and growth period.

The Flower-Infecting Fungus Subverts Plant Immunity by Secreting a Chitin-Binding Protein.

is a biotrophic fungal pathogen specifically colonizing rice floral organ and causes false smut disease of rice. This disease has emerged as a serious problem that hinders the application of high-yield rice cultivars, by reducing grain yield and quality as well as introducing mycotoxins. However, the pathogenic mechanisms of are still enigmatic.

Global polynomial periodicity and polynomial stability of proportional delay Cohen-Grossberg neural networks.

This paper tackles the global polynomial periodicity (GPP) and global polynomial stability (GPS) for proportional delay Cohen-Grossberg neural networks (PDCGNNs). By adopting two transformations, designing opportune Lyapunov functionals (LFs) with tunable parameters and taking inequality skills, several delay-dependent criteria of GPP and GPS are acquired for the PDCGNNs. Here the GPP is also a kind of global asymptotic periodicity (GAP), but it has obvious convergence rate and convergence order, and its convergence rate is slower than that of global exponential periodicity (GEP).

Fine-Tuning Roles of Osa-miR159a in Rice Immunity Against Magnaporthe oryzae and Development.

Background: Rice blast caused by Magnaporthe oryzae is one of the most destructive diseases of rice. An increasing number of microRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported to fine-tune rice immunity against M. oryzae and coordinate with growth and development.

Suppression of rice miR168 improves yield, flowering time and immunity.

MicroRNA168 (miR168) is a key miRNA that targets Argonaute1 (AGO1), a major component of the RNA-induced silencing complex. Previously, we reported that miR168 expression was responsive to infection by Magnaporthe oryzae, the causal agent of rice blast disease. However, how miR168 regulates immunity to rice blast and whether it affects rice development remains unclear.

Contribution of Small RNA Pathway to Interactions of Rice with Pathogens and Insect Pests.

Small RNAs (sRNAs) are mainly classified into microRNAs (miRNAs) and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) according to their origin. miRNAs originate from single-stranded RNA precursors, whereas siRNAs originate from double-stranded RNA precursors that are synthesized by RNA-dependent RNA polymerases. Both of single-stranded and double-stranded RNA precursors are processed into sRNAs by Dicer-like proteins.

ANNEXIN 8 negatively regulates RPW8.1-mediated cell death and disease resistance in Arabidopsis.

Study on the regulation of broad-spectrum resistance is an active area in plant biology. RESISTANCE TO POWDERY MILDEW 8.1 (RPW8.