A new point mutation (E198T) in β-tubulin confers resistance to carbendazim in Fusarium incarnatum.

Carbendazim is commonly used to control maize stalk rot caused by Fusarium species, and its resistance mainly arises from point mutations in the amino acids of β-tubulin. In this study, we identified two field isolates of Fusarium incarnatum resistant to carbendazim. One moderately resistant isolate, HA16R (100 μg/mL > MIC>50 μg/mL) carried a β-tubulin F167Y point mutation, while the other highly resistant isolate, HA18R (MIC >100 μg/mL) harbored a novel β-tubulin substitution at position 198-E198T.

Chemical Processing Methods for Deintercalation and Exfoliation of NaCrO.

Chemical exfoliation of non-van der Waals (non-vdW) materials can be beneficial as an easily scalable method of obtaining high quality nanosheets, but is difficult due to the stronger interlayer bonds as compared to vdW compounds. Of the non-vdW materials, alkali-intercalated layered materials are a good candidate for exfoliation because they are quasi-2D, but previous research often focused on chalcogenide-based materials, thus leaving the effects of chemical processes on oxide-based ones unclear. In this work, we study the deintercalation and exfoliation of NaCrO after three chemical processes: proton exchange, solvent reaction, and oxidative extraction.

Diversity of extracellular vesicle sources in atherosclerosis: role and therapeutic application.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are phospholipid bilayer membrane structures secreted by cells and widely present in blood or body fluids, playing critical roles in cell communication and homeostasis. Increasing evidence has implicated EVs dysfunction in the pathogenesis of various cardiovascular diseases (CVD), including atherosclerosis (AS), ischemic heart disease, heart failure, aortic lesions, and valvular lesions. Using EVs derived from diseases or multiple tissue types to illuminate the functional mechanisms of EVs will promote pathological studies and drug development.

Enhanced Anti-Tumour Efficacy of iRGD-Modified Cell-Bound Membrane Vesicles (iRGD-CBMVs) as a Novel Drug Carrier.

Cancer continues to be the foremost cause of mortality in humans. Persistent challenges in cancer treatment include inadequate drug targeting, severe toxicological side effects and uncontrolled drug distribution. The bioinspired membrane vesicle drug delivery systems have been emerging as promising therapeutic strategies.

The Trp-574-Leu mutations together with enhanced metabolism contribute to cross-resistance to ALS inhibiting herbicides in Fimbristylis littoralis.

Fimbristylis littoralis Gaudich., an important weed in Chinese paddy fields, has caused significant yield losses in rice and other crops. Acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors, such as halosulfuron-methyl, are widely used for weed control.

New curcumin derivative induces ferroptosis in MCF-7 cells through activating SLC7A11/GPX4 axis.

Previous experiments have revealed that curcumin exerts potential antitumor effect by inducing apoptosis and ferroptosis of tumor cells. However, its low solubility and bioavailability, as well as fast metabolism limit its clinical use. The structural modification of curcumin is beneficial for the discovery of potential candidate drugs for cancer treatment.

Development and validation of a novel endoplasmic reticulum stress-related lncRNAs signature in osteosarcoma.

Osteosarcoma (OS) is a cancerous tumor, and its development is greatly influenced by long non-coding RNA (lncRNA). Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) is an essential biological defense process in cells and contributes to the progression of tumors. However, the exact mechanisms remain elusive.

Cytochrome Oxidase Influences Pyraclostrobin Sensitivity in by Regulating Through Transcription Factors FgAod2 and FgAod5.

Cytochrome oxidase (Cox) is a crucial terminal oxidase in the electron transport chain. In this study, we generated 14 Cox gene deletion or overexpression mutants in . Fungicide sensitivity tests revealed that 11 Cox gene deletion mutants displayed resistance to pyraclostrobin, while 10 overexpression mutants showed hypersensitivity.

In vitro anticancer study of novel curcumin derivatives via targeting PI3K/Akt/p53 signaling pathway.

Four new series of curcumin derivatives bearing NO-donating moiety were synthesized via etherification, nucleophilic substitution, and Knoevenagel condensation etc. The cytotoxicity activity of curcumin derivatives against five human tumor cell lines (A549, Hela, HepG2, MCF-7 and HT-29) and two normal cell lines (LO-2 and HK-2) has been studied. The results showed that compound 6a could inhibit the proliferation of MCF-7 cells remarkably and exhibit low toxicity to normal cells.

Silk Gland Factor 1 Plays a Pivotal Role in Larval Settlement of the Fouling Mussel .

Most fouling organisms have planktonic larval and benthic adult stages. Larval settlement, the planktonic-benthic transition, is the critical point when biofouling begins. However, our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of larval settlement is limited.

Development of a chimeric cytokine receptor that captures IL-6 and enhances the antitumor response of CAR-T cells.

The efficacy of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered T cell therapy is suboptimal in most cancers, necessitating further improvement in their therapeutic actions. However, enhancing antitumor T cell response inevitably confers an increased risk of cytokine release syndrome associated with monocyte-derived interleukin-6 (IL-6). Thus, an approach to simultaneously enhance therapeutic efficacy and safety is warranted.

BMSC-Derived Exosomes Attenuate Rat Osteoarthritis by Regulating Macrophage Polarization through PINK1/Parkin Signaling Pathway.

Objective: Exosomes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC-Exos) may modulate the M1/M2 polarization of macrophages during osteoarthritis (OA). However, the underlying mechanisms of BMSC-Exos in this process still need to be elucidated. In this study, we explored the role of BMSC-Exos in the polarization of macrophages and the OA rats .

Investigating Novel Therapeutic Approaches for Idiopathic Short Stature: Targeting siRNA and Growth Hormone Delivery to the Growth Plate Using Exosome Nanoparticles.

Idiopathic short stature (ISS) is a common childhood condition with largely unknown underlying causes. Recent research highlights the role of circulating exosomes in the pathogenesis of various disorders, but their connection to ISS remains unexplored. In the experiments, human chondrocytes are cocultured with plasma exosomes from ISS patients, leading to impaired chondrocyte growth and bone formation.

Rapid discovery of a new antifoulant: From in silico studies targeting barnacle chitin synthase to efficacy against barnacle settlement.

Due to the adverse environmental impacts of toxic heavy metal-based antifoulants, the screening of environmentally friendly antifoulants has become important for the development of marine antifouling technology. Compared with the traditional lengthy and costly screening method, computer-aided drug design (CADD) offers a promising and efficient solution that can accelerate the screening process of green antifoulants. In this study, we selected barnacle chitin synthase (CHS, an important enzyme for barnacle settlement and development) as the target protein for docking screening.

Solvent-regulated self-assembled carbon nitride for photocatalytic reduction of U(VI) in water.

Manufacturing high-performance and reusable materials from radioactive uranium-containing wastewater remains a significant challenge. Herein, a supramolecular self-assembly strategy was proposed, using melamine and cyanuric acid as precursors and using intermolecular hydrogen bond force to form carbon nitride (CN-D) in different solvents through a single thermal polymerization strategy. Supramolecular self-assembly method is a promising strategy to synthesize a novel carbon nitride with molecular regulatory properties.

Mitochondria-Associated Protein FgNdk1 Regulates the Development, Pathogenicity, and SDHI Fungicide Sensitivity of by Interacting with Succinate Dehydrogenase.

Nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDK) plays an important role in many cellular processes in all organisms. In this study, we functionally characterized a nucleoside diphosphate kinase (FgNdk1) in , a causal agent of Fusarium head blight (FHB). FgNdk1 was involved in the generation of energy in the electron-transfer chain by interacting with succinate dehydrogenase (FgSdhA, FgSdhC, and FgSdhC).

Impacts of ocean acidification and warming on the release and activity of the barnacle waterborne settlement pheromone, adenosine.

The effects of ocean acidification (OA) and warming on the physiological processes of many marine species have been well documented. However, far less is known about the impacts of these global variables on chemical communication. In this study, we identified the barnacle waterborne settlement pheromone (BWSP) of Balanus albicostatus as adenosine (Ado).

Epigenetic profiles guide improved CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene knockout in human T cells.

Genetic modification of specific genes is emerging as a useful tool to enhance the functions of antitumor T cells in adoptive immunotherapy. Current advances in CRISPR/Cas9 technology enable gene knockout during in vitro preparation of infused T-cell products through transient transfection of a Cas9-guide RNA (gRNA) ribonucleoprotein complex. However, selecting optimal gRNAs remains a major challenge for efficient gene ablation.

Bioactivity and Resistance Risk of Fluxapyroxad, a Novel SDHI Fungicide, in .

Gummy stem blight, caused by , is an important disease in watermelon in China. Fluxapyroxad, a new succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor fungicide, shows strong inhibition of the mycelia growth of . However, its resistance risk in .

Long intergenic non-coding RNA DIO3OS promotes osteosarcoma metastasis via activation of the TGF-β signaling pathway: a potential diagnostic and immunotherapeutic target for osteosarcoma.

Background: The aim of this study was to determine the underlying potential mechanisms and function of DIO3OS, a lincRNA in osteosarcoma and clarify that DIO3OS can be used as a potential diagnostic biomarker and immunotherapeutic target.

Methods: The expression matrix data and clinical information were obtained from XENA platform of UCSC and GEO database as the test cohorts. The external validation cohort was collected from our hospital.

Membrane Vesicles as Drug Delivery Systems: Source, Preparation, Modification, Drug Loading, In Vivo Administration and Biodistribution, and Application in Various Diseases.

Bioinspired (or biologically inspired) drug delivery systems (DDSs) have been intensively studied in the last decades. As bioinspired DDSs, membrane vesicles, including extracellular vesicles (EVs) released from eukaryotic cells, outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) from bacteria, cell-bound membrane vesicles (CBMVs) isolated in situ from cell surfaces, membrane vesicles reorganized after the isolation of the plasma membrane of cells, and others have been rapidly developed and are attracting more and more attention. Most recently, a collection of 25 papers on the advances in membrane vesicle-based drug delivery systems was published in a Special Issue of entitled "Advances of membrane vesicles in drug delivery systems".

Role of non‑coding RNAs in cartilage endplate (Review).

Cartilage endplate (CEP) degeneration is considered one of the major causes of intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD), which causes non-specific neck and lower back pain. In addition, several non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including long ncRNAs, microRNAs and circular RNAs have been shown to be involved in the regulation of various diseases. However, the particular role of ncRNAs in CEP remains unclear.

Plasma exosome miRNA-26b-3p derived from idiopathic short stature impairs longitudinal bone growth via the AKAP2/ERK1/2 axis.

Background: Currently, the etiology of idiopathic short stature (ISS) is still unclear. The poor understanding of the molecular mechanisms of ISS has largely restricted this strategy towards safe and effective clinical therapies.

Methods: The plasma exosomes of ISS children were co-cultured with normal human chondrocytes.

CD83 expression characterizes precursor exhausted T cell population.

T cell exhaustion is a main obstacle against effective cancer immunotherapy. Exhausted T cells include a subpopulation that maintains proliferative capacity, referred to as precursor exhausted T cells (T). While functionally distinct and important for antitumor immunity, T possess some overlapping phenotypic features with the other T-cell subsets within the heterogeneous tumor-infiltrating T-lymphocytes (TIL).

Activity and cell toxicology of fluazinam on Fusarium graminearum.

Fusarium graminearum is an important plant pathogen and the causal agent of Fusarium head blight (FHB). At present, the principal method of controlling FHB is through fungicides. Fluazinam is an agent with strong broad-spectrum antifungal activity and has been used to control many diseases.