Single-Molecule Nanopore Detection of Non-Canonical Thymine-Melamine Hydrogen Bonding Base Pair in DNA Abasic Site.

The binding of small molecules to DNA may represent a mutagenic process capable of inducing genomic structural alterations and functional impairment. Melamine (MA), a toxic small molecule, exhibits a hydrogen-bonding interface structurally analogous to adenine, enabling to form non-canonical thymine-melamine (T-MA) base pairs like Watson-Crick pairing. This property allows MA to program DNA nanostructure formation.

Construction of A Novel 5-Dye Fluorescent Multiplex System With 30 Y-STRs for Patrilineal Relationship Prediction.

Nowadays, Y chromosome short tandem repeats (Y-STRs) are widely used in forensic medicine practice, which has great significance for ancestry tracing, male lineage evolution, and male paternal relatives. Rapidly mutating Y-STRs (RM Y-STRs) have been shown to have greater potential to distinguish males from males in the patrilineal line. Therefore, a novel 5-dye fluorescent multiplex system with 30 Y-STRs was developed and optimized to screen out more RM Y-STRs and fasting mutating Y-STRs (FM Y-STRs).

Fisetin loaded oral colon-targeted chitosan/chondroitin sulfate nanoparticles alleviate ulcerative colitis at different stages of severity.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory disease that needs lifelong treatment with medicines but cannot be cured. Additionally, harsh gastrointestinal environment often compromises the therapeutic effects of oral drugs. Fisetin (FIS) is a promising natural flavonoid that exhibits potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, but fails to translate into clinical benefits due to poor solubility and permeability.

Genome-Wide Analysis of Gene Family in Maize Reveals Its Role in the Cadmium Stress Response.

Background: Phytoremediation is an efficient approach for remediating heavy metal-contaminated soils. Heavy metal-associated isoprenylated plant proteins (HIPPs)-crucial for metal ion homeostasis-are unique to vascular plants, featuring a heavy metal-associated (HMA) domain and an isoprenylated CaaX motif. However, genes have not been systematically or functionally characterized in maize.

Life Satisfaction as Modifiable CVD Prevention Target: Cross-Cultural Mediation in Aging Cohorts.

Objective: To examine the prospective association between life satisfaction and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk among older adults across international cohorts and evaluate potential mediating pathways.

Methods: Harmonized data from four aging cohorts-HRS, ELSA, SHARE, and CHARLS-included 101,474 participants aged ≥60 with 267,903 observations (2010-2020). Life satisfaction was categorized as low/high using validated scales (e.

Vision Loss as a Rising Global Health Challenge: Comprehensive Analysis of High Fasting Plasma Glucose Burden and Projections to 2035.

Background: Vision loss caused by high fasting plasma glucose (HFG) is a growing global health concern. This study evaluates the global and regional burden of HFG-attributable vision loss from 1990 to 2021 and projects future trends through 2035.

Methods: Using Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 data, we assessed disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) across 204 countries, stratified by gender, age, and Sociodemographic Index (SDI).

Traditional Chinese Medicine targeting the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway as a potential therapeutic strategy for renal fibrosis.

Renal fibrosis (RF) is an inevitable outcome of nearly all progressive chronic kidney diseases (CKD). However, effective therapies that can halt or reverse the development of RF and CKD progression remain limited. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) offers a unique therapeutic approach, demonstrating significant anti-fibrotic potential through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory pharmacological properties.

Combining a novel ensemble model and multiplex methylation SNaPshot assays for saliva age prediction and cross-platform data analysis.

Background: DNA methylation is a pivotal biomarker for age prediction. However, most studies focus on blood-derived data, with limited research on saliva, and the inability to directly analyze methylation data across diverse platforms constrains predictive accuracy.

Results: We identified 10 age-related CpG sites in saliva (cg00481951, cg07547549, cg10501210, cg13654588, cg14361627, cg15480367, cg17110586, cg17885226, cg19671120, cg21296230) through six Illumina HumanMethylation450 BeadChip datasets and developed two multiplex SNaPshot assays.

Model-based kinetics of heavy metal enrichment in plants affected by hydrodynamics.

Heavy metal contamination threatens aquatic ecosystems by degrading water quality, biodiversity, and ecological stability. However, the role of hydrodynamics in modulating metal distribution and biogeochemical cycling, particularly in water-sediment-plant systems, remains unclear. Therefore, circular flume experiments were integrated with multiphase kinetic modeling to unravel cadmium (Cd) kinetics in water-sediment-plant systems under flow conditions.

The Impact of Cardiometabolic Index on Cardiovascular Disease Risk Among Diabetic Patients: Evidence From Two National Cohorts.

Background: This study investigates the relationship between the Cardiometabolic Index (CMI) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in diabetic populations using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Understanding the predictive role of CMI in assessing CVD risk is essential for enhancing preventive strategies in diabetic patients.

Methods: A cross-sectional analysis was conducted on diabetic participants from NHANES (2005-2018) and CHARLS (2011).

Proteomics analysis of the mechanism of the treatment of corneal injury in dry-eye mice.

Dry eye disease (DED) is a common ocular surface disorder affecting millions globally. Clinical and experimental studies have shown that the traditional Chinese medicine formula Qingxuan Runmu Yin decoction (QXRMY) is effective in treating DED. This study aimed to explore the molecular mechanisms of corneal damage in DED and evaluate QXRMY's therapeutic effects.

Non-High-Density Lipoprotein-to-High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Ratio as a Predictive Biomarker for Diabetic Retinopathy Risk: A Population-Based Analysis of US Adults.

Introduction: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a severe complication of diabetes, and lipid imbalances play a key role in its progression. The non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (NHHR) has been identified as a predictor of cardiovascular diseases, but its link to DR remains unclear. This study aimed to assess the association between NHHR and DR risk in diabetic patients.

Vegetation morphology and phytobiology intervene in heavy metal contamination of surface sediments in Yangtze River Estuary.

Accumulation of heavy metals in estuaries can represent potential risks to the aquatic environment and public health. Estuarine coastal vegetation's physical form and biological function have important effects on dynamic processes and migration of pollutants in estuaries. Field observations were conducted at sites SJG and LHK in the Yangtze River Estuary (YRE) from September 2021 to February 2022 and September 2022 to December 2022.

Tidal dynamics and seasonal hydrological variations influencing organic carbon distribution in the Yangtze River estuary.

The carbon cycle process in coastal areas is extremely complex due to the coupled hydrodynamic interactions between terrestrial and marine systems. To study the spatiotemporal variations of organic carbon and their influencing mechanisms, dissolved and particulate organic carbon (DOC, POC) in water, total organic carbon (TOC) in surface sediments, water quality parameters, and sediment grain size composition were measured in five coastal sites from the Yangtze River estuary (YRE). Generalized linear mixed-effects (GLMM) model was used to identify potential processes that explained these spatiotemporal patterns.

Global characterization of extrachromosomal circular DNAs in four body fluids.

Determination of the type of body fluids is highly desired in forensic investigations. Extrachromosomal circular DNA (eccDNA) is a double-stranded, circular type of nucleic acid molecule that exists outside chromosomes and is ubiquitous in eukaryotic cells, which is widely explored in clinical research. The use of eccDNA for body fluid identification has remained relatively unexplored.

Unveiling hotspots of emerging research in the miRNA-related mechanism underlying cancer through comprehensive bibliometric analysis with implications for precision medicine and non-invasive diagnostics.

Background And Objective: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are implicated in cancer by exerting roles in tumor growth, metastasis, and even drug resistance. The general trends of miRNA research in diverse cancers are not fully understood. In this work, miRNA-related research in colorectal cancer, prostate cancer, leukemia, and brain tumors was analyzed in search of key research trends with clinical potential.

Assessing the Health Impact of Low Seafood Omega-3 Intake on Ischemic Heart Disease: Trends, Demographic Disparities, and Forecasts.

Background: The burden of ischemic heart disease (IHD) due to low intake of seafood omega-3 fatty acids is a major global health concern, particularly impacting mortality and disability rates. Understanding these trends and demographic variations offers insights for targeted public health interventions.

Methods: This study used data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 database to analyze the IHD burden attributable to low omega-3 intake across 204 countries from 1990 to 2021, stratified by age, sex, and region.

Association of Pregnancy Diet with Metabolic Adverse Outcomes in Pregnant Women and Their Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Introduction: The diet during pregnancy has long-term effects on the health outcomes of both mothers and their children. This study aimed to undertake a systematic review to explore the association of high-fiber diet, DASH diet, and Mediterranean diet with metabolic outcomes among mothers and their children.

Methods: We searched for relevant articles published from Jan 2012 to Nov 2022 through PubMed, MEDLINE, and Embase.

Nanopore Discriminates Watson-Crick and Hoogsteen Hydrogen Bonds in Multiple DNA Contexts.

Watson-Crick and Hoogsteen hydrogen bonds aid the formation of highly ordered structures in genomic DNA that dynamically govern genetic modes such as gene regulation and replication. Hence, measuring and distinguishing these two types of hydrogen bonds in different DNA contexts are essential for understanding DNA architectures. However, due to their transient nature and minimal structure differences at the sub-nanometer scale, differentiating Watson-Crick hydrogen bonds from Hoogsteen hydrogen bonds is difficult.

Systems biology of dry eye: Unraveling molecular mechanisms through multi-omics integration.

Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial condition with complex and incompletely understood molecular mechanisms. Advances in multi-omics technologies, including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and microbiomics, have provided new insights into the pathophysiology of DED. Genomic analyses have identified key genetic variants linked to immune regulation and lacrimal gland function.

Development and evaluation of a panel of newly screened Y chromosome InDels for inferring paternal ancestry information in Southwest China.

Y-InDels (insertions/deletions) are genetic markers which are extremely understudied. It is unknown whether this type of markers can be utilized for genetic ancestry inference. We have developed an innovative Y chromosome ancestry inference system tailored for forensic applications.

Global health impacts of high BMI: A 30-Year analysis of trends and disparities across regions and Demographics.

Objective: This study explores the global disease burden associated with high Body Mass Index (BMI) from 1990 to 2021, using data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 (GBD 2021).

Methods: We applied Joinpoint regression to assess trends in deaths and Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) and employed ARIMA models to project future BMI-related burdens.

Results: From 1990 to 2021, global deaths linked to high BMI surged by 153.

Qingxuan Runmu Yin alleviates dry eye disease via inhibition of the HMOX1/HIF-1 pathway affecting ferroptosis.

The prevalence of dry eye disease (DED), a multifactorial ocular surface disease characterized by tear film instability, is increasing yearly. Qingxuan Run Mu Yin (QXRMY) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) consisting of It has excellent therapeutic effects on dry eye syndrome and a good anti-inflammatory effect on immune-related inflammation. However, the molecular mechanism of Qing Xuan Run Mu Yin in treating dry eye syndrome is largely unknown.