Genetic Control of tRNA-Derived Fragments Contributes to Cancer Risk.

Transfer RNA-derived fragments (tRFs) are a class of small non-coding RNAs that have exhibited several functions in cancer. Recent studies have shown that mutations in tRNA genes can lead to global changes in tRF expression levels and may affect tRF function, highlighting the need to further elucidate the regulation and functions of tRFs in cancer. Here, we conducted a pan-cancer analysis of tRF quantitative trait loci (tRFQTLs), encompassing 16,703 genetic variants associated with tRF expression across 31 cancer types.

Dual-anchor interface engineering with a phosphonic acid modifier for improving perovskite solar cell performance.

Solution-processed planar SnO electron transport layers (ETLs) fabricated sol-gel methods offer promising scalability for manufacturing perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, inherently, interfacial defects at both the SnO surface and the perovskite buried surface severely degrade device performance. Interface engineering of SnO ETLs using molecular modifiers presents a promising pathway toward high-performance PSCs.

Genetic Regulation of Alternative Polyadenylation Provides Novel Insights into Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Non-small Cell Lung Cancer.

Emerging evidence emphasizes the critical role of alternative polyadenylation (APA) in posttranscriptional regulation of genes, and APA-associated genetic variants (apaQTLs) show particular relevance for multiple disease. However, genetic regulation of APA and its role in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) risk have not been thoroughly studied. Here, by leveraging genotype and APA data from The Cancer Genome Atlas, the association between genetic variation and APA is determined in NSCLC samples.

Oxidative stress regulates the catalytic activity and mitochondrial localization of HK2 in trophoblast by regulating K346 lactylation.

Preeclampsia (PE) is one of the most dangerous complications of pregnancy. The pathogenic mechanisms of this condition are not yet clear. Lysine lactylation (Kla) is a novel post-translational modification (PTM) reported recently.

Integrative functional screen of genomic loci uncovers CCND2 and its genetic regulatory mechanism in colorectal cancer development.

Although genome-wide association studies have identified dozens of loci associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) susceptibility, the causal genes or risk variants within these loci and their biological functions often remain elusive. Recently, the genomic locus 12p13.32, with the tag single-nucleotide polymorphism rs10774214, was identified as a crucial CRC risk locus in Asian populations.

A snapshot of the presence of HIV-related features in MSM social media dating apps in New Zealand.

The men who have sex with men (MSM) social media dating apps have emerged as a new channel for HIV prevention and education. However, there is a lack of clarity regarding the availability of specific HIV-related features on these apps, making it uncertain what features related to HIV are offered. This study provided a comprehensive overview of the existing HIV-related features of MSM social media dating apps in New Zealand by screening 39 apps, selected from a total of 1296 search results obtained from the Google Play Store and Apple App Store.

An atlas of genetic effects on cellular composition of the tumor microenvironment.

Deciphering the composition of the tumor microenvironment (TME) is critical for understanding tumorigenesis and to design immunotherapies. In the present study, we mapped genetic effects on cell-type proportions using single-cell and bulk RNA sequencing data, identifying 3,494 immunity quantitative trait loci (immunQTLs) across 23 cancer types from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Functional annotation revealed regulatory potential and we further assigned 1,668 genes that regulate TME composition.

Age Differences in Psychological Distress After Multiple Disaster Exposures: The Effect of Multidimensional Negative COVID-19 Impacts.

Objective: This study examined how the multidimensional negative coronavirus disease (COVID-19) impacts contextualized the age differences in psychological distress following exposures to tornadoes and the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: Data were from a 2-wave panel study conducted at T1 (October 2020-August 2021) and T2 (May-August 2022). Latent class analysis was conducted to explore the patterns of negative COVID-19 impacts based on a sample of 1134 at T1.

Effect of local ventilation temperature and speed under garments on the thermal response of humans at different metabolic rates.

Ventilation under garments is one of the effective solutions to alleviate heat stress in the human body, but ventilation preferences and cooling effects in different body segments at different metabolic rates are not thoroughly studied. Eighteen participants performed three metabolic intensities of cycling exercise at 30 °C, RH 35%, where five body segments underwent adjustable ventilation. The ventilation preferences, psychological and physiological responses, and energy consumption were analyzed.

Disaster exposure and patterns of disaster preparedness: A multilevel social vulnerability and engagement perspective.

This study examined how community vulnerabilities contextualized the impact of exposure to five major disasters in 2017 on individuals' disaster preparedness. We pooled two panels of the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)'s National Household Survey in 2017 (pre-disaster) and 2018 (post-disaster) and further merged the data with 15 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Social Vulnerability Index factors to examine the moderating impact of county-level vulnerabilities. Latent class analysis was used to identify patterns of disaster preparedness based on six preparedness items defined by FEMA with a total of 10,045 individuals.

Bone cutting processes and removal behaviors in orthopedic surgery with an ultrasonic orthopedic scalpel.

Bone cutting is a common and important procedure in surgery. As a type of orthopedic instrument, ultrasonic orthopedic scalpels (UOSs) have been widely used due to their safety and convenience. Therefore, it is very important to have a deep understanding of the cutting process and the bone removal behavior of a UOS, to improve cutter design and complement the basic theory of the bone-cutting mechanism.

PVT1/miR-145-5p/HK2 modulates vascular smooth muscle cells phenotype switch via glycolysis: The new perspective on the spiral artery remodeling.

Introduction: Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) switched from a contractile phenotype to a synthetic phenotype during the decidual spiral artery (SPAs) remodeling process. The lncRNA plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 (PVT1) and glucose metabolism have been found to regulate the VSMC phenotype switch. This study aimed to analyze the dynamic expression of PVT1 and glycolytic key enzymes hexokinase2 (HK2) at different remodeling stages in early human pregnancy and elucidate the underlying mechanism of the PVT1/miR-145-5p/HK2 axis involved in the spiral artery remodeling.

Placenta-Targeted Nanoparticles Loaded with PFKFB3 Overexpression Plasmids Enhance Angiogenesis and Placental Function.

Placental angiogenesis disorder and placental dysplasia are important causes of many pregnancy complications. Due to safety and economic benefits, effective treatment strategies are currently limited. PFKFB3 is a key regulator of glycolysis that controls angiogenesis through a metabolic pathway independent of genetic signals.

Emotional Stress Experience of Care Professionals for Older Adults with Dementia: A Qualitative Interpretive Meta-synthesis.

Emotional stress is a common problem for many professionals in dementia care. Although a plethora of quantitative studies have examined the factors that affect care professionals' emotional stress, little qualitative research has provided in-depth understanding of professional stress experiences. To magnify the voices of professionals who share their experiences of stress in caring for older adults with dementia, a qualitative interpretive meta-synthesis of five qualitative studies was conducted.

Plasma Exosomal miR-199a-5p Derived from Preeclampsia with Severe Features Impairs Endothelial Cell Function via Targeting SIRT1.

Preeclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy complication with high maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality rates. During pregnancy, the concentration of exosomes in the maternal blood circulation would increase, establishing that plasma exosomes play a role in the development of pregnancy. Our previous study implied the important role of exosomal miR-199a-5p in preeclampsia with severe features (sPE).

Impact of older adults' oral health on caregiving stress of their family caregivers in the United States: The mediating effect of functional ability.

Extensive studies have explored the factors affecting caregiving stress, but how oral health of care recipients (CRs) associates with caregiving stress and the mechanism behind it are not well-known. Guided by Stress Process Theory, this study addressed such research gaps. Caregiver services dataset came from the 13th National Survey of Older Americans Act Participants in the United States (N = 1289).

: A Promising Intergenerational Program for Social Connections.

Introduction: To help older adults cope with loneliness during COVID-19, a weekly, telephone-based intergenerational program called "" was created in April 2020 to link young and older adults together. As part of an evaluation of , a survey with both close and open-ended questions was sent to participants.

Methods: A total of 63 Bigs and 53 Minis completed the survey.

Pathogenic mechanisms of preeclampsia with severe features implied by the plasma exosomal mirna profile.

Preeclampsia is a complication of pregnancy characterized by high blood pressure and organ damage after 20 gestational weeks. It is associated with high maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. However, at present, there is no effective prevention or treatment for this condition.

MALAT1 sponges miR-26a and miR-26b to regulate endothelial cell angiogenesis via PFKFB3-driven glycolysis in early-onset preeclampsia.

6-phosphofructo-2-kinase (PFKFB3) is a crucial regulator of glycolysis that has been implicated in angiogenesis and the development of diverse diseases. However, the functional role and regulatory mechanism of PFKFB3 in early-onset preeclampsia (EOPE) remain to be elucidated. According to previous studies, noncoding RNAs play crucial roles in EOPE pathogenesis.