A Novel Nanoparticle Preparation to Enhance the Gastric Adhesion and Bioavailability of Xanthatin.

Objective: To prepare xanthatin (XA)-loaded polydopamine (PDA) nanoparticles (PDA-XA-NPs) and to investigate their adhesion and bioavailability.

Materials And Methods: PDA-XA-NPs were synthesized and characterized using transmission electron microscopy, zeta potential analysis and encapsulation efficiency analysis. Their in vitro release kinetics and inhibitory effects on gastric cancer were studied.

The enhancement of N-acetylcysteine on intestinal absorption and oral bioavailability of hydrophobic curcumin.

To solve the low oral bioavailability of curcumin (CUR) due to the limits imposed by gastrointestinal (GI) barrier, we constructed a nano delivery system to evaluate the effect of N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) on intestinal absorption and oral bioavailability of CUR. CUR was first encapsulated in bovine serum albumin nanoparticles (CUR-BSA-NPs), and then was further modified by NAC (CUR-NBSA-NPs). In situ single-pass intestinal perfusion assay demonstrated that CUR-NBSA-NPs displayed excellent permeation and absorption rates in GI tract.

Gas Embolism After Hydrogen Peroxide Use During Spine Surgery: Case Report and Literature Review.

Background: As an irrigant, an antiseptic, and a hemostatic agent, hydrogen peroxide (HO) is widely used in surgical treatment, but it has been surrounded by persistent controversy. Fatal or near-fatal embolic events caused by HO have been reported sporadically in spine surgery.

Case Description: In this report, we present an 87-year-old man who underwent lumbar instrumentation removal and debridement consequent to surgical site infection in a prone position.

Protective Activities of C. Z. Tang et S. J. Cheng Polysaccharide against High-Cholesterol Diet-Induced Atherosclerosis in Zebrafish.

Cardiovascular disease is the highest cause of death, and atherosclerosis (AS) is the primary pathogenesis of many cardiovascular diseases. In this study, we aim to investigate the possible pharmaceutical effects of C. Z.

Morphological transformation enhances Tumor Retention by Regulating the Self-assembly of Doxorubicin-peptide Conjugates.

Both spatial accuracy and temporal persistence are crucial in drug delivery, especially for anti-tumor intravenous nanomedicines, which have limited persistence due to their small particle sizes and easy removal from tumors. The present study takes advantage of morphological transformation strategy to regulate intravenous nanomedicines to display different sizes in different areas, achieving high efficient enrichment and long retention in lesions. We designed and synthesized functional doxorubicin-peptide conjugate nanoparticles (FDPC-NPs) consisting of self-assembled doxorubicin-peptide conjugates (DPCs) and an acidic-responsive shielding layer named the functional polylysine graft (FPG), which can regulate the assembly morphology of the DPCs from spherical DPC nanoparticles (DPC-NPs) to DPC-nanofibers (DPC-NFs) by preventing the assembly force from π-π stacking and hydrogen bond between the DPC-NPs.

Coupling of Integrin α5 to Annexin A2 by Flow Drives Endothelial Activation.

Rationale: Atherosclerosis preferentially occurs at specific sites of the vasculature where endothelial cells (ECs) are exposed to disturbed blood flow. Translocation of integrin α5 to lipid rafts promotes integrin activation and ligation, which is critical for oscillatory shear stress (OSS)-induced EC activation. However, the underlying mechanism of OSS promoted integrin α5 lipid raft translocation has remained largely unknown.

Responses of metastatic primary fallopian tube carcinoma to pembrolizumab and nab-paclitaxel: A case report.

Rationale: Primary fallopian tube carcinoma (PFTC) is an extremely rare but invasive malignancy with a dismal prognosis. Very few data exist on the salvage treatment for patients with PFTC. Here we report a case showing an impressive response to immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy, which have never been reported before on patients with metastatic PFTC.

GATA6 Exerts Potent Lung Cancer Suppressive Function by Inducing Cell Senescence.

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) play a critical role in restricting tumorigenesis and impact the therapeutic effect of various treatments. However, TSGs remain to be systemically determined in lung cancer.

Simultaneous determination of nineteen compounds of Dahuang zhechong pill in rat plasma by UHPLC-MS/MS and its application in a pharmacokinetic study.

Dahuang zhechong pill (DHZCP) is a famous traditional Chinese medicine prescription, which is widely used in the treatment of liver diseases. However, due to the lack of a dynamic DHZCP profile, the in vivo pharmacokinetics of active ingredients within this medicine remains unknown. In this paper, a rapid, sensitive and reliable UHPLC-MS/MS method was used to determine the content of 19 characteristic constituents of DHZCP in rat plasma, including rhein, emodin, chrysophanol, physcion, aloeemodin, p-methoxyphenylacetic acid, hypoxanthine nucleoside, wogonin, wogonoside, baicalin, norwogonin, naringenin, nutmeg acid, paeoniflorin, verbascoside, rhodiola glucoside, forsythoside A, formononetin, and glycyrrhizic acid.

Tumor-Cell-Surface Adherable Peptide-Drug Conjugate Prodrug Nanoparticles Inhibit Tumor Metastasis and Augment Treatment Efficacy.

Cancer metastasis is the main cause of chemotherapeutic failure. Inhibiting the activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) is a common strategy for reducing metastasis. However, broad-spectrum MMP-inhibitors (MMPI) may cause undesired side effects.

Blocking interaction between SHP2 and PD-1 denotes a novel opportunity for developing PD-1 inhibitors.

Small molecular PD-1 inhibitors are lacking in current immuno-oncology clinic. PD-1/PD-L1 antibody inhibitors currently approved for clinical usage block interaction between PD-L1 and PD-1 to enhance cytotoxicity of CD8 cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL). Whether other steps along the PD-1 signaling pathway can be targeted remains to be determined.

Crystal structure of a novel fold protein Gp72 from the freshwater cyanophage Mic1.

Cyanophages, widespread in aquatic systems, are a class of viruses that specifically infect cyanobacteria. Though they play important roles in modulating the homeostasis of cyanobacterial populations, little is known about the freshwater cyanophages, especially those hypothetical proteins of unknown function. Mic1 is a freshwater siphocyanophage isolated from the Lake Chaohu.

High SOX8 expression promotes tumor growth and predicts poor prognosis through GOLPH3 signaling in tongue squamous cell carcinoma.

According to our previous study, GOLPH3 is markedly up-expressed in tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC), which is also associated with poor survival. However, it remains unclear about key upstream and downstream mechanisms of GOLPH3. This study aimed to illuminate new mechanisms modulating GOLPH3 upregulation and promoting TSCC development at the molecular level.

Clinical efficacy of submucosal injection of triamcinolone acetonide in the treatment of type II/III interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome.

Background: To evaluate the efficacy of submucosal injection of triamcinolone acetonide for the treatment of type II/III interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of the clinical data of type II/III interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome patients treated in our department from April 2016 to August 2018 was conducted, and changes in International Prostate Symptom Scores and the Pelvic Pain and Urgency/Frequency symptom scale after surgery were evaluated to explore factors that may affect patient outcomes.

Results: A total of 27 female patients and 8 male patients were enrolled, with type II patients accounting for 62.

Cryo-electron Microscopy Structure and Transport Mechanism of a Wall Teichoic Acid ABC Transporter.

The wall teichoic acid (WTA) is a major cell wall component of Gram-positive bacteria, such as methicillin-resistant (MRSA), a common cause of fatal clinical infections in humans. Thus, the indispensable ABC transporter TarGH, which flips WTA from cytoplasm to extracellular space, becomes a promising target of anti-MRSA drugs. Here, we report the 3.

A novel β-cyclodextrin-rhein conjugate for improving the water solubility and bioavailability of rhein.

Rhein is a potential antitumor agent, but the poor water-solubility restricts its clinical applicability. β-cyclodextrin-drug conjugates provide a possibility to improve the water-solubility of rhein and thereby enhance its bioavailability. A novel β-cyclodextrin-rhein conjugate (β-CD-RH) was synthesized by covalently link β-cyclodextrin with rhein through a 1,8-diamino-3,6-dioxaoctane linker.

Experimental studies of bubble dynamics inside a corner.

The dynamics of a bubble near a corner formed by two flat rigid boundaries (walls), is studied experimentally using a spark-generated bubble. The expansion, collapse, rebound, re-collapse and migration of the bubble, along with jetting and protrusion, are captured using a high-speed camera. Our experimental observations reveal the behaviour of the bubble in terms of the corner angle and the dimensionless standoff distances to the near and far walls in terms of the maximum bubble radius.

Effects of Monocular Perceptual Learning on Binocular Visual Processing in Adolescent and Adult Amblyopia.

Re-establishing normal binocular visual processing is the key to amblyopia recovery beyond the critical period of visual development. Here, by combining perceptual learning, behavioral testing, and steady-state visually evoked potentials (SSVEPs), we examined how monocular perceptual learning in the amblyopic eye could change binocular visual processing in the adolescent and adult amblyopic visual system. We found that training reduced the interocular difference between amblyopic and fellow eyes and increased the amplitude of a binocular SSVEP component, with a significant negative correlation between the two measures.

A Real-Time 3D Measurement System for the Blast Furnace Burden Surface Using High-Temperature Industrial Endoscope.

Capturing the three-dimensional (3D) shape of the burden surface of a blast furnace (BF) in real-time with high accuracy is crucial for improving gas flow distribution, optimizing coke operation, and stabilizing BF operation. However, it is difficult to perform 3D shape measurement of the burden surface in real-time during the ironmaking process because of the high-temperature, high-dust, and lightless enclosed environment inside the BF. To solve this problem, a real-time 3D measurement system is developed in this study by combining an industrial endoscope with a virtual multi-head camera array 3D reconstruction method.

Comparative study of wire-integrated urethral catheter versus wire-assisted urethral catheter in difficult male urethral catheterization: a single-center experience.

Background: This study reports the clinical experience of the wire-integrated urethral catheter (WIUC) versus wire-assisted urethral catheter (WAUC) in difficult male urethral catheterization.

Methods: The clinical data of 116 male patients undergoing urinary catheterization with WIUC or WAUC after a failed attempt catheterization in Southwest Hospital from June 2018 to June 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. The time spent during urinary catheterization, cost of consumables, experience rating of catheterization methods and materials assessed by medical staff were compared between WIUC group (n=58) and WAUC group (n=58).

The efficacy and safety of mirabegron on overactive bladder induced by benign prostatic hyperplasia in men receiving tamsulosin therapy: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: We conducted a meta-analysis to assess the efficacy and safety of mirabegron on overactive bladder (OAB) induced by benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in men receiving tamsulosin therapy.

Methods: We performed the analysis by using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. The databases including MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register were retrieved to get information regarding randomized controlled trials of mirabegron on OAB induced by BPH in men receiving tamsulosin therapy.

Silencing of Long Non-coding RNA HOTTIP Reduces Inflammation in Rheumatoid Arthritis by Demethylation of SFRP1.

Accumulating evidence suggests long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play crucial roles in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Here, we aimed to define the role of HOXA transcript at the distal tip (HOTTIP) in RA pathogenesis in relation to SFRP1 methylation and Wnt signaling pathway. HOTTIP was found highly expressed, and SFRP1 was hypermethylated in RA synovial fibroblasts (RASFs).

Borneol and poly (ethylene glycol) dual modified BSA nanoparticles as an itraconazole vehicle for brain targeting.

Itraconazole (ITZ) can be used for the treatment of cryptococcus neoformans meningitis and aspergillus brain abscess. While, the inherent hydrophobicity of ITZ and the existence of blood brain barrier (BBB) limit its applications as a central nervous system drug. In this study, a novel brain targeting drug delivery system based on bovine serum albumin (BSA) was constructed for enhancing ITZ distribution in brain.

Simultaneous improvements on nutrient and Mg recoveries of microalgal bioremediation for municipal wastewater and nickel laterite ore wastewater.

Effects of different mixing ratios between synthetic municipal wastewater (MW) and magnesium (Mg)-enriched nickel laterite ore wastewater (NLOWW) on growth of Chlorella sorokiniana (C. sorokiniana), photosynthetic activities, cellular biocomposition, nutrient and Mg removal were investigated in photobioreactors. In the culture without NLOWW, wrinkled cells were observed with low biomass production.

Highly Efficient Electroreduction of CO on Nickel Single-Atom Catalysts: Atom Trapping and Nitrogen Anchoring.

Construction of single atom catalysts (SACs) with high activity toward electroreduction of CO still remains a great challenge. A very simple and truly cost-effective synthetic strategy is proposed to prepare SACs via a impregnation-pyrolysis method, through one-step pyrolysis of graphene oxide aerogel. Compared with other traditional methods, this process is fast and free of repeated acid etching, and thus it has great potential for facile operation and large-scale manufacturing.