Astragaloside IV ameliorates Parkinson's disease by inhibiting TLR4/NF-κB-dependent neuroinflammation.

Astragaloside IV (AS-IV) is a bioactive compound derived from Radix Astragali, a traditional Chinese herb widely used as a dietary supplement to enhance immune function. Modern pharmacological studies have demonstrated that AS-IV exhibits anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. In this study, we investigated the effects of AS-IV on motor dysfunction, microglial polarization, and immune regulation mechanisms in a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced Parkinson's disease (PD) mouse model.

Intestinal biomarkers, microbiota composition, and genetic predisposition to inflammatory bowel disease as predictors of Parkinson's disease manifestation.

BackgroundParkinson's disease (PD) is often accompanied by gastrointestinal symptoms. While elevated inflammatory biomarkers have been reported in PD patients compared to controls, the role of intestinal dysmotility and inflammation in disease manifestation is not fully understood.ObjectiveThis study sought to determine if fecal biomarkers and genetic predisposition to intestinal inflammation could help identify PD subtypes for future targeted therapies.

Wavelength dependence of fiber channel reciprocity for bidirectional physical-layer key distribution.

To share the reciprocity of a single fiber channel in physical-layer secure key distribution (PLSKD), the bidirectional same wavelength (B-SW) transmission system is generally applied. However, the elastic Rayleigh backscattering noise severely degrades key performance after long fiber transmission. Here, the feasibility of a bidirectional wavelength division multiplexing (B-WDM) transmission in a single fiber for high-speed long-range PLSKD is verified, where the wavelength dependence of fiber channel reciprocity is evaluated.

Astragenol alleviates neuroinflammation and improves Parkinson's symptoms through amino acid metabolism pathway and inhibition of ferroptosis.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bunge, as a tonifying medicine, is widely used in the traditional Chinese medicine treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). We found Astragenol (AST) in the acid hydrolysis product of Astragalus membranaceus, which has anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects.

Exosomal circRNAs: key modulators in breast cancer progression.

Breast cancer (BC) poses significant challenges globally, necessitating a deeper understanding of its complexities. Exosomes are cell-specific secreted extracellular vesicles of interest, characterized by a lipid bilayer structure. Exosomes can carry a variety of bioactive components, including nucleic acids, lipids, amino acids, and small molecules, to mediate intercellular signaling.

Sodium alginate coated ferritin as ACE inhibitory peptide carrier: Prolonged release property and enhanced transepithelial transport.

Unlabelled: The application of Ala-His-Leu-Leu (AHLL), an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptide, is limited due to its low stability. In this work, horse spleen apoferritin (HSF) deposited with a layer of sodium alginate (SA) was employed to carry AHLL. The HSF encapsulation and SA decoration exhibited remarkable protection capacity for loaded AHLL from UV irradiation and thermal treatment.

Cycloastragenol targets Fpr2 to inhibit the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway and alleviate neuroinflammation in Parkinson's disease.

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease, and neuroinflammation is an important factor in its pathogenesis. Therefore, improving neuroinflammation has become a key direction in PD research. Cycloastragenol (CAG) is one of the active ingredients in Astragalus membranaceus, which has pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective effects.

Unraveling the key structural characteristics enhancing digestion resistance of wheat starch-mung bean hull polyphenols complexes.

Mung bean hull polyphenols (MBPs) have the potential to retard starch digestion by altering its multi-scale structures. However, the regulatory mechanism and the key structural characteristics that contribute to digestion resistance remain unclear. In this study, MBPs were non-covalently interacted with wheat starch (WS) under hydrothermal treatments.

In-depth exploration of cutaneous anthrax: clinical and pathological manifestations of a case report.

Anthrax is an acute infectious disease caused by Bacillus anthracis, which can infect various animals and humans. Cutaneous anthrax primarily presents as infiltrative, edematous erythema, surface vesicles, hemorrhagic vesicles, and necrotic eschar; some patients may also experience systemic symptoms such as fever and leukocytosis. With economic development and improvements in public health conditions, naturally occurring cases of cutaneous anthrax have significantly decreased, leading to limited reports on the pathological manifestations of this disease.

Study on the anti-Parkinson's disease activity mechanism and preparation of panaxadiol.

Background: Traditional Chinese medicine offers unique and valuable resources for the exploration of novel approaches to disease treatment. Panaxadiol, an active compound derived from the transformation of ginsenosides. It has a variety of pharmacological activities.

Association between childhood parental literacy and late-life cognitive function: The Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study.

Objectives: Evidence on the associations of childhood parental education with late-life cognitive function remains inconsistent. Additionally, studies focusing on dimensions of cognitive function are scarce, with none from China. Therefore, we examined the associations of childhood parental education with late-life cognitive function and it's dimensions and investigated potential interactions.

Structural characterization, physicochemical properties and hypoglycemic activity of soluble dietary fibers from salt stressed mung bean sprouts.

Low-salt stress germination is an effective way to improve the nutritional composition of food crops. A novel soluble dietary fiber (MS-SDF) was isolated from low-salt stress mung bean sprouts that were exposed to low-salt stress using anion exchange and gel permeation techniques. Structural analysis revealed that MS-SDF was a homogeneous heteropolysaccharide with an average molecular weight of 164.

Effect and mechanism of Jinkui Shenqi Pill on preventing neural tube defects in mice based on network pharmacology.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: jinkui Shenqi Pill (JSP) is a classic traditional Chinese medicine used to treat "Kidney Yang Deficiency" disease. Previous studies indicate a protective effect of JSP on apoptosis in mouse neurons.

Aim Of The Study: This research, combining network pharmacology with in vivo experiments, explores the mechanism of JSP in preventing neural tube defects (NTDs) in mice.

Photoswitched Stereodivergent Synthesis of Allylic Sulfones.

The present Letter demonstrates a photoswitched stereodivergent synthesis of allylic sulfones from sodium sulfinates, triphenylvinylphosphonium chloride, and (hetero)aromatic aldehydes in a single step. Mechanistically, -allylic sulfones, generated from the unstabilized ylide intermediates and aldehydes , could be finally converted to -allylic sulfones via photochemical isomerization in the presence of a catalytic amount of bis(2-thienyl) ketone.

Assessment on malvidin-3-glucoside interaction with TLR4 via multi-spectroscopic analysis and molecular docking.

As one innate immune pattern recognition receptor, Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) recently has been considered as a critical player in glucolipid metabolism. Blueberries contain high level of anthocyanins, especially malvidin-3-glucoside (Mv-3-glc), which contribute the anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic, and hypolipidemic effects. It is speculated that Mv-3-glc is able to possess these functions by binding to TLR4.

Dietary fiber guar gum-induced shift in gut microbiota metabolism and intestinal immune activity enhances susceptibility to colonic inflammation.

With an increasing interest in dietary fibers (DFs) to promote intestinal health and the growth of beneficial gut bacteria, there is a continued rise in the incorporation of refined DFs in processed foods. It is still unclear how refined fibers, such as guar gum, affect the gut microbiota activity and pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Our study elucidated the effect and underlying mechanisms of guar gum, a fermentable DF (FDF) commonly present in a wide range of processed foods, on colitis development.

Variational autoencoder-assisted unsupervised hardware fingerprint authentication in a fiber network.

Physical-layer authentication (PLA) based on hardware fingerprints can safeguard optical networks against large-scale masquerade or active injection attacks. However, traditional schemes rely on massive labeled close-set data. Here, we propose an unsupervised hardware fingerprint authentication based on a variational autoencoder (VAE).

The Beneficial Effects of Dietary Astragali Radix Are Related to the Regulation of Gut Microbiota and Its Metabolites.

(AR) or its extract has been used as an herbal medicine and dietary supplement in China, Europe, and the United States. The gut microbiota could provide new insights for exploring dietary supplements' underlying mechanism on organisms. However, no reports have focused on the regulatory effect of AR on the gut microbiota as a dietary supplement.

Gastrointestinal fate of blueberry anthocyanins in ferritin-based nanocarriers.

Blueberries contain an important amount of anthocyanins, which possess numerous biological properties. Nonetheless, the potential applications of anthocyanins may be constrained due to their limited stability and bioavailability. This study aimed to evaluate the stability and absorption of blueberry anthocyanin extracts (BAE) and anthocyanin standards (malvidin and cyanidin glycosides) when encapsulated using ferritin (FR) nanocarriers or a combination of FR and sodium alginate (SA) under simulated gastrointestinal conditions and Caco-2 cell monolayers.

Astrocytic phagocytosis of myelin debris and reactive characteristics in vivo and in vitro.

Background Information: Persistent myelin debris can inhibit axonal regeneration, thereby hindering remyelination. Effective removal of myelin debris is essential to eliminate the interference of myelin debris in oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC) activation, recruitment to demyelinating sites and/or differentiation into mature oligodendrocytes (OLs). In addition to microglia, it has been reported that astrocytic phagocytosis of myelin debris is a feature of early demyelination.

Efficacy and mechanism of Wuzi Yanzong pill on the prevention and treatment of EAE.

Objective: Studies have shown that Wuzi Yanzong Pill (WYP) can be used to treat neurological diseases, but its mechanisms for multiple sclerosis (MS) remain unclear. This study aims to determine the effect of WYP on MS in an animal model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), and explore its mechanism. To provide theoretical basis for the clinical treatment of MS with WYP.