Development of SpyTag/SpyCatcher-driven thermostable cyclic laccase and its application in lignin and dye degradation and polymerization of phenolic compounds.

Laccases, belonging to the superfamily of multicopper oxidases, can perform electron oxidation on a broad range of substrates, releasing only water as a by-product. Although instability and aggregation significantly constrain the industrial use of these eco-friendly biocatalysts, it is a daunting challenge for current engineering strategies to elevate these crucial enzymatic characteristics simultaneously. Here, we developed a cyclizing laccase (CyLacc) using SpyTag/SpyCatcher technology, which endows the enzyme with high thermostability and high solubility.

Detecting the Role of Salivary Protein Genes in Adaptation to Different Host Plants.

possesses a remarkably broad host range and causes substantial economic losses in global agricultural production. Insect saliva secreted onto plant surfaces plays a vital role in regulating both plant defense responses and insect adaptation. However, the mechanisms by which salivary proteins that respond to plant defense responses and regulate host adaptation remain elusive.

Regioisomerization-Directed MR-TADF Emitters: Enhanced RISC and Suppressed Aggregation Toward High-Performance Narrowband Blue OLEDs.

The organic light-emitting diode (OLED) performance of multi-resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR-TADF) emitters is fundamentally constrained by their slow reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) and pronounced aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ). Herein, through regioselective borylation, we design and synthesize a series of blue MR-TADF emitters. The regioisomerization-directed twist configuration synergistically enhances RISC while suppressing ACQ, without compromising spectral purity.

Developing foundations for biomedical knowledgebases from literature using large language models - A systematic assessment.

While large language models (LLMs) have shown promising capabilities in biomedical applications, measuring their reliability in knowledge extraction remains a challenge. We developed a benchmark to compare LLMs in 11 literature knowledge extraction tasks that are foundational to automatic knowledgebase development, with or without task-specific examples supplied. We found large variation across the LLMs' performance, depending on the level of technical specialization, difficulty of tasks, scattering of original information, and format and terminology standardization requirements.

[Effect and mechanism of LncRNA EFRL on homocysteine-induced atherosclerosis in macrophage efferocytosis].

Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of Efferocytosis Relatived LncRNA (EFRL) on homocysteine-induced atherosclerosis in macrophage efferocytosis. Methods RAW264.7 cells were cultured in vitro, and the Control group (0 μmol/L Hcy) and Hcy intervention group (100 μmol/L Hcy) were set up.

Synthesis, Structures, Photophysics, and Electroluminescence of Dinuclear Carbene-Au(I)-Amide Complexes Featuring the Through-Space Charge Transfer Excited State.

Two-coordinate carbene-metal-amide (CMA) complexes have shown rich photophysical properties endowed by their tunable electronic structures and flexible conformations, which can be exploited for optoelectronic applications. Different from most of the studies on mononuclear CMA complexes, we herein report a series of dinuclear CMA-type gold(I) complexes, namely , , , and , using 1,1'-bicarbazole as a bridging donor ligand. Single-crystal X-ray structures reveal different conformations in terms of the torsion angles between the carbene and amide ligands that are affected by the steric effect of the carbene ligands.

Application of corn stalk waste in direct reduction of vanadium titanium magnetite: Phase composition, microstructure evolution, reduction behavior and mechanism analyses.

In order to facilitate low-carbon and green development in the steel industry and the resource utilization of agricultural waste, this study explored the possibility of biomass stalk recycling instead of fossil fuels in coal-based reduction of vanadium-titanium magnetite (VTM). The corn stalk hydrochar (CSH) was selected as the reducing agent and mixed with vanadium-titanium magnetite to fabricate pellets. The evolution behavior of slag in initial pellets was simulated by Factsage7.

Interfacial Engineering Unlocks Mesoporous Hematite Single Crystals to Boost Catalytic Activity.

Single-crystalline metal oxides exhibit diverse properties, enabling their broad utilization in optoelectronics, magnetics, and catalysis. Constructing porous structures in metal oxides can further enhance their intrinsic activities by increasing specific surface areas, however, their synthesis is seldom reported due to the fact that the crystallization process typically excludes, rather than includes, soft porogens. Herein, this work reports the synthesis of mesoporous hematite single crystals via a mesocrystal topological transformation strategy.

Effective separation and recovery of valuable metals from copper slag: A comprehensive review.

Copper slag, a secondary product generated from the copper refining process, which contains an extensive amount of valuable metals and harmful elements such as Fe, Cu, Zn, Co, Ni, Pb, As, etc. The massive accumulation and limited value-added utilization of copper slag have caused serious environmental pollution and resource waste. In order to realize the resourceful and high-value comprehensive utilization of copper slag, the efficient separation and recovery of valued metals from copper slag has garnered significant attention.

Piperlongumine inhibits renal cell carcinoma progression by modulating the DDX11-miR-15b-3p-DLD axis.

Background: Piperlongumine (PL) is a natural alkaloid obtained from the long pepper and can inhibit the progression of various tumors. However, its role in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) remains unclear. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine whether PL can suppress RCC progression and to clarify the related mechanisms.

Dynamic Ion-Regulated Oxygen Evolution Catalyst Surface Reconstruction.

Transition metal-based electrocatalysts are active materials for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). However, their activities depend heavily on the reconstructed new catalytic layer, which severely curtails the rational design and screening of well-defined electrocatalysts during the synthesis stage. Here, we present a method to deliberately design the reconstructed catalyst reaction layer by adding a small amount of Fe ions to the electrolyte.

Simple Boron-Nitrogen Covalent Bond Constructs Multi-Resonance TADF Emitters: Ultra-Narrowband Deep-Blue Electroluminescence.

High-efficiency, pure deep-blue emitters are critically needed to meet the rising demands of ultra-high-definition displays. Although high-order B/N-doped polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) leveraging multi-resonance (MR) effects show promise, their complex syntheses and large molecular weights hinder practical application. Here, we report a compact MR framework featuring three nitrogen-linked boron centers, synthesized at the gram scale via a single-step, amine-directed borylation.

High-power-efficiency and ultra-long-lifetime white OLEDs empowered by robust blue multi-resonance TADF emitters.

White organic light-emitting diodes (WOLEDs) show very promising as next-generation light-sources, but achieving high power efficiency (PE) and long operational lifetime remains challenging because of the lack of stable blue emitters that can harvest all triplet (T) excitons for light emission. Herein, we propose integrating stable azure multi-resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescent (MR-TADF) emitters into tri-color hybrid WOLEDs to tackle these issues. By meticulously selecting MR-TADF emitters and precisely tuning the exciton recombination zone, the optimized tri-color devices based on BCzBN-3B achieve color-stable white light emission with maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) and maximum PE (PE) of 34.

NHC-Based Deep-Red Phosphorescent Iridium Complexes Featuring Three-Charge (0, -1, -2) Ligands.

N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-based phosphorescent iridium complexes have attracted extensive attention due to their good optical properties and high stability in recent years. However, currently reported NHC-based iridium complexes can easily achieve emission of blue, green, or even ultraviolet light, while emission of red or deep-red light is relatively rare. Here, we report a new family of NHC-based deep-red iridium complexes (Ir1, Ir2, Ir3, and Ir4) featuring three-charge (0, -1, -2) ligands.

Stress-induced self-assembly of hierarchically twisted stripe arrays.

Hierarchical organization is prevalent in nature, yet the artificial construction of hierarchical materials featuring asymmetric structures remains a big challenge. Herein, we report a stress-induced self-assembly strategy for the synthesis of hierarchically twisted stripe arrays (HTSAs) with mesoporous structures. A soft and thin mesostructured film assembled by micelles and TiO oligomers is the prerequisite.

Dual-Enzyme-Instructed Peptide Self-Assembly to Boost Immunogenic Cell Death by Coordinating Intracellular Calcium Overload and Chemotherapy.

The concept of immunogenic cell death (ICD) induced by chemotherapy as a potential synergistic modality for cancer immunotherapy has been widely discussed. Unfortunately, most chemotherapeutic agents failed to dictate effective ICD responses due to their defects in inducing potent ICD signaling. Here, we report a dual-enzyme-instructed peptide self-assembly platform of (CPT-GFFpY-PLGVRK-Caps) that cooperatively utilizes camptothecin (CPT) and capsaicin (Caps) to promote ICD and engage systemic adaptive immunity for tumor rejection.

Characteristics and microscopic mechanisms of smoke emissions of OMMT/SBS-modified asphalt.

Nanomaterials are increasingly being used in road engineering with the development of road construction technology. The smoke suppression performance of asphalt can be substantially improved using organic nano-montmorillonite (OMMT)/styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) block modifiers. Pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (PY-GC-MS), fluorescence microscopy (FM), thermogravimetric analysis (TG), and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) were used to explore the characteristics and microscopic mechanisms of flue gas emissions.

Alternating current and electrolyte engineering-promoted surface reconstruction of NiFeOH catalysts for amper-level oxygen evolution reaction.

Oxygen evolution reaction (OER) holds vital significance for energy conversion and sustainable synthesis, but the scope of achievable reactions using active and durable electrocatalysts remains limited. Nearly all employed electrocatalyst surfaces undergo uncontrolled reconstruction processes during OER, resulting in inevitable uncertainties and randomness in the formation and evolution of the reconstituted layer. Most current efforts are confined to a single process or region, leaving the energy supply and microenvironment uncontrollable.

A machine learning-based framework for mapping hydrogen at the atomic scale.

Hydrogen, the lightest and most abundant element in the universe, plays essential roles in a variety of clean energy technologies and industrial processes. For over a century, it has been known that hydrogen can significantly degrade the mechanical properties of materials, leading to issues like hydrogen embrittlement. A major challenge that has significantly limited scientific advances in this field is that light atoms like hydrogen are difficult to image, even with state-of-the-art microscopic techniques.

Directional co-immobilization of artificial multimeric-enzyme complexes as a robust biocatalyst for biosynthesis curcumin glucosides and regeneration of UDP-glucose.

Site-directed protein immobilization allows the homogeneous orientation of proteins while maintaining high activity, which is advantageous for various applications. In this study, the use of SpyCatcher/SpyTag technology and magnetic nickel ferrite (NiFeO NPs) nanoparticles were used to prepare a site-directed immobilization of BsUGT2m from Bacillus subtilis and AtSUSm from Arabidopsis thaliana for enhancing curcumin glucoside production with UDP-glucose regeneration from sucrose and UDP. The immobilization of self-assembled multienzyme complex (MESAs) enzymes were characterized for immobilization parameters and stability, including thermal, pH, storage stability, and reusability.

Cation-Triggered Growth of Nanowires for Enhanced Oxygen Evolution Reaction.

The oxygen evolution reaction (OER), which occurs in a variety of energy-related devices, necessitates optimization of the reaction pathways for efficient and scalable deployment. Nevertheless, fully harnessing the advanced structure of synthetic electrocatalysts remains a significant challenge due to the inevitable surface reconstruction process during OER. Here we present an efficient and flexible method to control the surface reconstruction process by engineering an electrolyte containing trace Co cation.

Experimental study of a thin thermally grown oxide layer in thermal barrier coatings based on the SWT-BP algorithm and terahertz technology.

As a promising nondestructive testing (NDT) technique with a very adaptive physical modeling of wave transmission process, terahertz technology is used for the detection and characterization of nonpolar materials and the evaluation of layered and/or defective structures. THz-TDS can also be used to perform spectroscopic analysis and detect structural defects in thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) of aero-engines. Although it is generally difficult to measure the structure of the thin oxide layer of the thermal barrier coatings whose thickness is generally lower than 30 µm (the current axial resolution of the THz-TDS cannot exceed 30 µm).

Enzyme-Instructed Photoactivatable Supramolecular Antigens on Cancer Cell Membranes for Precision-Controlled T-Cell-Based Cancer Immunotherapy.

Cancer immunotherapies based on cytotoxic CD8 T lymphocytes (CTLs) are highly promising for cancer treatment. The specific interaction between T-cell receptors and peptide-MHC-I complexes (pMHC-I) on cancer cell membranes critically determines their therapeutic outcomes. However, the lack of appropriate endogenous antigens for MHC-I presentation disables tumor recognition by CTLs.