Neural stem cell transplantation for the treatment of primary torsion dystonia: A case report.

Primary torsion dystonia (PTD) occurs due to a genetic mutation and often advances gradually. Currently, there is no therapy available that is able to inhibit progression. Neural stem cells (NSCs) are being investigated as potential therapies for neurodegenerative diseases, such as stroke and trauma.

Extracellular α-synuclein--a possible initiator of inflammation in Parkinson's disease.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease involving the loss of dopamine-producing neurons of the substantia nigra and the presence of Lewy bodies which contain high levels of α-synuclein. Although the causative factors of PD remain unclear, the progression of PD is accompanied by a highly localized inflammatory response mediated by reactive microglia. Recently, attention has focused on the relationship between α-synuclein and microglial activation.

[How to deal with cerebral palsy in 21st century--a new epoch in clinic treatment].

The aims of this paper were to define (1) criteria of cerebral palsy; (2) classification of cerebral palsy; (3) etiology, neuroimaging, and epidemiology of cerebral palsy; (4) different kinds of treatments of cerebral palsy. Data were drawn from an international survey of PUBMED (1994-2014) and CNKI (1994-2014). An expert panel used a consensus building technique.

Clinical application of a vascular interventional robot in cerebral angiography.

Background: Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases have become the leading cause of death for people, and endovascular surgery has become the main therapeutic method. Robot technology would overcome some limitations of conventional surgery, and has good prospects.

Methods: A total of 15 patients received cerebral angiography assisted by a vascular interventional robot following preoperative examination, with approval from the hospital ethics committee and informed consent by the patients' families.

[Magnetic resonance spectroscopy-guided stereotactic biopsy for brain lesion].

Objective: To study the clinical value of magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) image in stereotactic biopsy for brain lesion.

Methods: From April 2008 to April 2010, 126 cases (72 male and 54 female, aged from 10 to 82 years, mean 45 years) of brain lesion which were difficult to diagnose were divided into two groups by random number table, 62 cases were executed for MRI-guided frameless stereotactic biopsy (MRI group), 64 cases were executed for MRI and MRS-guided frameless stereotactic biopsy (MRS group). Operation used MRI and Three-dimensional MRS image to locate, and used frameless CAS-R-2 robots to carry out the positioning operating.

Transplantation of human retinal pigment epithelium cells in the treatment for Parkinson disease.

Background And Purpose: To assess the clinical effect of transplantation of human retinal pigment epithelial (hRPE) cells into the unilateral postcommissural putamen for treatment for Parkinson disease (PD).

Methods And Results: Cells from postmortem human eye tissue (10-20 weeks of gestation) were cultured in vitro. Cells from -generation passage were implanted in PD postcommissural putamen with stereotactic operation in 12 patients with PD.

[Experimental study of angiography using vascular interventional robot-2(VIR-2)].

Objective: To verify the feasibility and safety of new vascular interventional robot system used in vascular interventional procedures.

Methods: Vascular interventional robot type-2 (VIR-2) included master-slave parts of body propulsion system, image navigation systems and force feedback system, the catheter movement could achieve under automatic control and navigation, force feedback was integrated real-time, followed by in vitro pre-test in vascular model and cerebral angiography in dog. Surgeon controlled vascular interventional robot remotely, the catheter was inserted into the intended target, the catheter positioning error and the operation time would be evaluated.

Over-expression of BMPR-IB reduces the malignancy of glioblastoma cells by upregulation of p21 and p27Kip1.

Background: In our previous study, we detected decreased expression of phospho-Smad1/5/8 and its upstream signaling molecule, bone morphogenetic protein receptor IB subunit (BMPR-IB), in certain glioblastoma tissues, unlike normal brain tissues. In order to clarify the functional roles and mechanism of BMPR-IB in the development of glioblastoma, we studied the effects of BMPR-IB overexpression on glioblastoma cell lines in vitro and in vivo.

Methods: We selected glioblastoma cell lines U251, U87, SF763, which have different expression of BMPR-IB to be the research subjects.

Application study of medical robots in vascular intervention.

Background: Based on the background of minimally invasive surgery and applications of medical robots, a vascular interventional robotic system has been developed that can be used in the field of vascular intervention.

Methods: The robotic system comprises a propulsion system, an image navigation system and a virtual surgery training system. Integration of the three systems constitutes a vascular intervention prototype robotic system used to carry out in vitro vascular intervention and animal experiments.

[Clinical experience of stereotactic biopsy for the brain lesions].

Objectives: To investigate the methodology of diversified advanced image-guided stereotactic biopsy for the brain lesions, and its diagnostic significance and experience in nervous system diseases.

Methods: Retrospectively reviewed 1187 cases of brain lesions underwent image-guided stereotactic biopsy from December 1987 to January 2009. There were 694 male (58.

[Experimental study of angiography using vascular interventional robot].

Objective: To assess the feasibility and safety of vascular interventional surgery by using vascular interventional robot system (VIRS).

Methods: VIRS included image navigation systems and body propulsion systems, and adopted a master-slave structure. The surgeon sat at the master site, sending controlling instructions to the robot fixed at the slave site, and then the robot translated these instructions into catheter motion.

Clinical study of transplantation of neural stem cells in therapy of inherited cerebellar atrophy.

Objective: To study the clinical effect of neural stem cell transplantation in the treatment of inherited cerebellar atrophy (CA).

Methods: The cells from human fetal cerebellum (8-10 weeks of gestation) were grown and expanded in vitro. The cultured neurospheres were then planted into the dentate nuclei of patients by stereo tactic operation.

[Clinical application of robotic tele-manipulation system in stereotactic surgery].

Objective: To assess the clinical usefulness, accuracy, and safety of tele-manipulation for frameless stereotactic surgery using the CAS-R-5 robot system.

Methods: We prospectively evaluated 32 patients underwent tele-manipulation of frameless stereotactic operations from Sep. 2005 to Sep.

[The expressional alterations of CSF-1R after ischemic injury of cerebral cortex].

Aim: To observe the expressional alterations of colony stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF-1R) after ischemic injury of cerebral cortex, and study the function of colony stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1)/CSF-1R signal during the process of ischemic injury and repair of central nervous system (CNS).

Methods: We examined the distribution and expression of CSF-1R in normal brain tissues and ischemic brain tissues by immunohistology and Western blot analysis.

Results: The expression of CSF-1R in neurons could be up-regulated by ischemic injury in CNS.

[Diagnosis and radiotherapy of germinomas arising in basal ganglia and thalamus].

Objective: To summarize the clinical characteristic and radiotherapeutic effect of germinomas arising in basal ganglia and thalamus.

Methods: The clinical data of 13 cases were reviewed retrospectively. All cases were pathologic diagnosis through stereotactic biopsy.

[Clinical analysis of 1434 cases of frameless stereotactic operation].

Objective: Stereotactic operations were performed using a frameless stereotactic instrument manufactured by CAS-R-2 instead of traditional stereotactic frame. The aim of this study was to assess the clinical usefulness, accuracy and safety of frameless stereotactic instrument.

Methods: The clinical data of 1434 patients was retrospectively reviewed.

[Identification of novel genes related to glioma by oligonucleotide microarray].

Objective: To identify the genes differentially expressed in development of human glioma, and to study the expression of some genes in different grade gliomas.

Methods: Oligonucleotide microarray (including 218 genes related to neural system development) was adopted and hybridized with probes which were prepared from the total RNAs of glioma specimens and normal brain tissues. Differentially expressed genes between the normal tissues and glioma tissues were assayed after scanning oligonuceltide microarray with ScanArray 4000, and some of these genes such as smad1, Hmp19 and TRIP3 were verified by real-time quantitative PCR(real-time-Q-PCR) method.