Evaluation of energy and nutrient utilization for corn, barley, and wheat bran in primiparous and multiparous sows during the gestation, lactation, and post-weaning period.

Despite extensive research focusing on feed ingredients for growing pigs, limited studies have systematically evaluated the effect of physiological stage and parity on feed ingredient utilization in sows. This study aimed to evaluate the energy and nutrient utilization of corn, barley, and wheat bran in primiparous and multiparous sows across different physiological stages. A total of 20 primiparous (initial body weight 186.

Evaluation of standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids in corn, barley, wheat bran fed to primiparous sows during gestation, lactation, and post-weaning period.

This study determined the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of crude protein (CP) and amino acids (AA) of corn, barley, and wheat bran in primiparous sows. Four physiological stages of primiparous sows were examined: a gestation stage where sows were restricted-fed, a lactation stage where sows were fed ad libitum, and then two post-weaning stages, an ad libitum-fed phase followed by a restricted-fed phase. A total of 8 primiparous sows fitted with T-cannulas in the distal ileum were assigned to an 8 × 3 Youden square design with four diets (corn, barley, wheat bran, and nitrogen (N)-free diet) and three periods, resulting in a total of 6 replicates per treatment.

The Biological Functions of Yeast and Yeast Derivatives and Their Application in Swine Production: A Review.

Yeast and its derivatives, including yeast extract and yeast cell wall, are well established as safe and environmentally sustainable feed additives that significantly improve animal production performance and health. Their incorporation into swine production serves as an innovative nutritional strategy aimed at improving growth performance, bolstering health status, and enhancing immune function in pigs. As a versatile microorganism, yeast generates a variety of bioactive compounds through fermentation, such as amino acids, vitamins, enzymes, and growth factors, which collectively contribute to improved growth and overall health in pigs.

Metacontrol-related aperiodic neural activity decreases but strategic adjustment thereof increases from childhood to adulthood.

The concept of "metacontrol" pertains to the ability to effectively balance cognitive-control styles between extreme persistence and extreme flexibility. Metacontrol relies on the frontal lobe's integrity and is reflected in the degree of aperiodic neural activity in the EEG power spectrum. Given that the frontal lobe undergoes major changes through childhood and adolescence, we predicted that aperiodic neural activity would be more pronounced in underage participants (N = 76, 8 ~ 17 years old) than in young adults (N = 90, 18 ~ 30 years old) performing a Go/Nogo task.

Supplementation of low-protein diets with plant protein and probiotics enhances muscle health by regulating gut microbiota and metabolomic profiles in SAMP8 mice.

Muscle health is crucial, especially for aging populations. This study investigates how plant protein and probiotic supplementation in a low-protein (LP) diet affects the gut microbiota, metabolome, and muscle health in aging SAMP8 mice, emphasizing the gut-muscle axis in older populations. Twenty-four 8-month-old male SAMP8 mice were divided into four groups: control (CON, standard diet), low-protein (LP), LP supplemented with plant protein (LP + P), and LP supplemented with plant protein and probiotics (LP + P + B).

Effects of Different Hemicellulose Components on Fermentation Kinetics and Microbial Composition in Fecal Inoculum from Suckling Piglets .

This study investigated the fermentation characteristics of different hemicellulose components using a fecal inoculum derived from suckling piglets. The results showed that after 60 h of fermentation, the arabinogalactan (Ara-gal), glucomannan (Glu-man), galactomannan (Gal-man), and mannan (Man) groups exhibited similar levels of gas production, which were higher than those of the β-glucan (β-Glu) group. The β-Glu group had the lowest pH value.

Maternal dietary inulin intake during late gestation and lactation ameliorates intestinal oxidative stress in piglets with the involvements of gut microbiota and bile acids metabolism.

Maternal inulin intake has been shown to alleviate oxidative stress in piglets, but the role of bile acids (BAs) in this process remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate the roles of gut microbiota and BAs metabolism in the amelioration of intestinal oxidative stress in piglets through a maternal inulin diet. A total of 40 sows were allocated into two dietary treatments from day 85 of gestation until the end of lactation: CON (control diet) and INU (diet with 2% wheat bran replaced by inulin).

Balanced time perspective and aggression in left-behind children: The mediating role of self-esteem.

Left-behind children refer to children who have been separated from their parents for a long period of time because one or both parents have gone to work in cities and towns, and who stay in their hometowns or board with relatives in rural China. This study investigated the association between time perspective and aggression among left-behind children and examined the potential mediating role of self-esteem. The initial cross-sectional study (Study 1) involved a sample of 549 middle school students (M = 13.

Indole-3-propionic acid enhances growth performance and reduces diarrhea via modulating redox status and intestinal inflammation in weaned piglets.

Indole-3-propionic acid (IPA) has anti-inflammatory properties, which can be beneficial for weaned piglets with underdeveloped immune systems. The study explores the impact of IPA supplementation on growth performance, oxidative stress, and inflammation response in weaned piglets. In Exp.

Dietary Supplementation with 25-Hydroxyvitamin D on Reproductive Performance and Placental Oxidative Stress in Primiparous Sows during Mid-to-Late Gestation.

The placenta plays a crucial role in nutrient transport and waste exchange between the dam and fetus, sustaining fetal growth. While the positive effects of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH-D) on animal performance have been reported, its impact on placental function remains largely unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of supplementing 25-OH-D in the diet of primiparous sows on reproductive performance, antioxidant capacity, placental oxidative stress, nutrient transport, and inflammatory response during mid-to-late gestation.

Interactions between Gut Microbiota and Natural Bioactive Polysaccharides in Metabolic Diseases: Review.

The gut microbiota constitutes a complex ecosystem, comprising trillions of microbes that have co-evolved with their host over hundreds of millions of years. Over the past decade, a growing body of knowledge has underscored the intricate connections among diet, gut microbiota, and human health. Bioactive polysaccharides (BPs) from natural sources like medicinal plants, seaweeds, and fungi have diverse biological functions including antioxidant, immunoregulatory, and metabolic activities.

Fermented Purslane ( L.) Supplementation Enhances Growth and Immune Function Parallel to the Regulation of Gut Microbial Butyrate Production in Weaned Piglets.

Weaning is a challenging period for piglets, characterized by stress-related growth checks, compromised immunity, and gut dysbiosis. Purslane ( L.), known for its rich content of antioxidants, has potential as a functional feed ingredient.

Genistein Alleviates Intestinal Oxidative Stress by Activating the Nrf2 Signaling Pathway in IPEC-J2 Cells.

In the weaning period, piglets often face oxidative stress, which will cause increased diarrhea and mortality. Genistein, a flavonoid, which is extracted from leguminous plants, possesses anti-inflammatory and antioxidative bioactivities. However, little is known about whether genistein could attenuate the oxidative stress that occurs in porcine intestinal epithelial cells (IPEC-J2).

Mucin alleviates colonic barrier dysfunction by promoting spermine accumulation through enhanced arginine metabolism in .

Unlabelled: Dietary fiber deprivation is linked to probiotic extinction, mucus barrier dysbiosis, and the overgrowth of mucin-degrading bacteria. However, whether and how mucin could rescue fiber deprivation-induced intestinal barrier defects remains largely unexplored. Here, we sought to investigate the potential role and mechanism by which exogenous mucin maintains the gut barrier function.

Interindividual aperiodic resting-state EEG activity predicts cognitive-control styles.

The ability to find the right balance between more persistent and more flexible cognitive-control styles is known as "metacontrol." Recent findings suggest a relevance of aperiodic EEG activity and task conditions that are likely to elicit a specific metacontrol style. Here we investigated whether individual differences in aperiodic EEG activity obtained off-task (during resting state) predict individual cognitive-control styles under task conditions that pose different demands on metacontrol.

Silybin Alleviated Hepatic Injury by Regulating Redox Balance, Inflammatory Response, and Mitochondrial Function in Weaned Piglets under Paraquat-Induced Oxidative Stress.

Silybin (Si) is the main element of silymarin isolated from the seeds of L. Gaernt., which has superior antioxidant properties.

Reciprocal longitudinal relations between self-efficacy and coping style: The explanatory mechanism of future self-continuity.

Background: It has been demonstrated that self-efficacy and coping styles are related. However, whether there is a reciprocal longitudinal relation between self-efficacy and coping styles needs to be examined. In this longitudinal study, we tested the reciprocal impacts of self-efficacy and coping styles, taking into account the role of future self-continuity (FSC) in these effects.

Effects of Dietary Supplementation of Stimbiotics to Sows on Lactation Performance, Immune Function, and Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Capacities during Late Gestation and Lactation.

Stimbiotic supplementation may provide an innovative feed additive solution to accelerate the proliferation of beneficial fiber-degrading bacteria in the distal intestine and the utilization of dietary fiber. Optimal utilization of dietary fiber has multiple benefits for gut health and nutrient utilization. This study was conducted to evaluate the late gestation and lactation performance, the plasma, colostrum, and milk immunoglobulin (IgA, IgG, and IgM) concentrations, and the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant biomarkers in plasma of sows fed with or without a stimbiotic during the late gestation and lactation phase.

Porous Zinc Oxide and Plant Polyphenols as a Replacement for High-Dose Zinc Oxide on Growth Performance, Diarrhea Incidence, Intestinal Morphology and Microbial Diversity of Weaned Piglets.

The aim of this experiment is to evaluate the effects of adding porous zinc oxide, plant polyphenols, and their combination to diets without antibiotics and high-dose zinc oxide on the growth performance, diarrhea incidence, intestinal morphology, and microbial diversity of weaned piglets. A total of 150 Duroc × Landrace × Large White weaned piglets were allocated to one of five diets in a randomized complete block design with six replicates and five piglets per replicate. The experimental period was 42 d, divided into two feeding stages: pre-starter (0-14 d) and starter (14-42 d).

Evaluation of Available Energy and Standardized Ileal Digestibility of Amino Acids in Fermented Flaxseed Meal for Growing Pigs.

Flaxseed meal (FSM) is a byproduct of flaxseed oil extraction which has rich nutritional value and can be used as a high-quality new protein ingredient. However, the anti-nutrient factor (ANF) in FSM restricts its potential application in feed. The strategy of microbial fermentation is a highly effective approach to reducing ANF in FSM and enhancing its feeding value.

Stem Cell Therapy in Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy and Cerebral Palsy: a Bibliometric Analysis and New Strategy.

The aim of this study was to identify related scientific outputs and emerging topics of stem cells in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (NHIE) and cerebral palsy (CP) through bibliometrics and literature review. All relevant publications on stem cell therapy for NHIE and CP were screened from websites and analyzed research trends. VOSviewer and CiteSpace were applied to visualize and quantitatively analyze the published literature to provide objective presentation and prediction.

The Effects of Dietary Silybin Supplementation on the Growth Performance and Regulation of Intestinal Oxidative Injury and Microflora Dysbiosis in Weaned Piglets.

Oxidative stress is the major incentive for intestinal dysfunction in weaned piglets, which usually leads to growth retardation or even death. Silybin has caught extensive attention due to its antioxidant properties. Herein, we investigated the effect of dietary silybin supplementation on growth performance and determined its protective effect on paraquat (PQ)-induced intestinal oxidative damage and microflora dysbiosis in weaned piglets.

Thoracic epidural arteriovenous malformation causing rapidly progressive myelopathy and mimicking an acute transverse myelitis: A case report.

Clinical symptoms of spinal arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) combined with acute spontaneous hemorrhage lack specificity, which leads to misdiagnosis and delays treatment. The current study aimed to analyze the causes of misdiagnosis and review the key points of diagnosis and treatment. We presented an extremely rare case of a 25-year-old man whose clinical characteristics mimicked acute transverse myelitis, suffering from rapidly and repeatedly progressive myelopathy with a mass.

Dietary Supplementation with Different Types of Potassium and Magnesium during Late Gestation and Lactation Modulates the Reproductive Performance, Antioxidant Capacity, and Immune Function of Sows.

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with different types of potassium and magnesium on the reproductive performance, antioxidant capacity, and immunity of sows. Forty-five Landrace × Yorkshire sows at the late gestation stage (85 d) were randomly assigned to three groups (n = 15). Sows in the control group (CON), potassium chloride and magnesium sulfate group (PM), and potassium-magnesium sulfate group (PMS) were fed with a basal diet, a basal diet supplemented with magnesium sulfate (0.