Deep learning-based cough classification using application-recorded sounds: a transfer learning approach with VGGish.

Background: Coughing sounds contain various bio-metric information with regards to respiratory diseases that can help in the assessment of respiratory diseases. While clinicians find coughs insightful, non-experts struggle to identify abnormalities in cough sounds. Furthermore, respiratory diseases has characterized by widespread health complications and elevated mortality rates, the development of early diagnostic systems is imperative for ensuring timely intervention and improving outcomes for both clinicians and patients.

Machine learning based prediction of cognitive metrics using major biomarkers in SuperAgers.

As populations age, understanding cognitive decline and age-related diseases like dementia has become increasingly important. "SuperAgers," individuals over 65 with cognitive abilities similar to those in their 40s, provide a unique perspective on cognitive reserve. This study analyzed 55 blood biomarkers, including cellular components and metabolism/inflammation-related factors, in 39 SuperAgers and 42 typical agers.

Chestnut ( S. et Z.) inner shell-A by-product promotes anti-obesity by regulating adipogenesis and lipogenesis-related genes and the AMPK/ACC signaling pathway in high-fat diet-induced obese mice.

A by-product is a secondary substance unintentionally produced during manufacturing and can be repurposed through recycling. In particular, by-products generated from the processing of natural materials are valuable because of their bioactive compound content, such as polyphenols and anthocyanins. Obesity is a global health issue, and medicines for obesity have side effects, such as insomnia and headaches.

Artificial intelligence for breast cancer screening in mammography (AI-STREAM): preliminary analysis of a prospective multicenter cohort study.

Artificial intelligence (AI) improves the accuracy of mammography screening, but prospective evidence, particularly in a single-read setting, remains limited. This study compares the diagnostic accuracy of breast radiologists with and without AI-based computer-aided detection (AI-CAD) for screening mammograms in a real-world, single-read setting. A prospective multicenter cohort study is conducted within South Korea's national breast cancer screening program for women.

Root Extract Attenuates Osteoarthritis Progression by Inhibiting Inflammation and Cartilage Degradation in Interleukin-1β and Monosodium Iodoacetate-Induced Osteoarthritis Models.

Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common degenerative joint condition caused by an imbalance between cartilage synthesis and degradation, which disrupts joint homeostasis. This study investigated the anti-inflammatory and joint-improving effects of root extract powder (PDREP) in both in vitro and in vivo OA models.

Methods/results: In an in vitro OA model, in which SW1353 human chondrosarcoma cells were treated with interleukin (IL)-1β, PDREP treatment significantly reduced the mRNA levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, MMP-3, and MMP-13 while enhancing collagen type II alpha 1 (Col2a1) mRNA level, and decreased IL-6 and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels.

Extracellular peroxiredoxin 5 exacerbates atherosclerosis via the TLR4/MyD88 pathway.

Backgroungd And Aims: Peroxiredoxin 5 (PRDX5), an atypical 2-Cys peroxiredoxin (PRDX), is known to regulate global oxidative stresses and inflammatory responses. Inflammation and oxidative stress are pivotal factors in the development of atherosclerosis, especially in the context of vascular endothelial dysfunction. However, effects of PRDX5 on atherosclerosis remain unclear.

Immune-enhancing effect of fermented soybean food, on cyclophosphamide-treated immunosuppressed rat.

Cheonggukjang () is a traditional food, made by the fermentation of beans, and it has different recipes for different regions in Korea. However, it has anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and anti-obesity effects, and is known to affect changes in the intestinal microbiota. In this study, we investigated the immune-enhancing effects of four type s (one commercial and three transitional s).

Secondary Breast Burkitt Lymphoma Involving the Stomach, Ovary, Pancreas, and Bones: A Case Report.

Breast lymphomas are rare, malignant breast neoplasms with a heterogeneous pattern of clinical symptoms. Burkitt's lymphoma is a rare, highly aggressive, and rapidly growing B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. We report about a 27-year-old woman diagnosed as having secondary breast Burkitt's lymphoma, probably originating from the stomach, with multiple distant metastases.

Augmentation of NK-cell activity and immunity by combined natural polyphenols and saccharides in vitro and in vivo.

Curcuma longa and Sargassum coreanum are commonly used in traditional pharmaceutical medicine to improve immune function in chronic diseases. The present study was designed to systematically elucidate the in vitro and in vivo immuno-enhancing effects of a combination of C. longa and S.

, a traditional Korean fermented food, protects through suppressed inflammatory pathways and histological structure disruption in dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis mice.

The mechanisms underlying chronic inflammatory diseases remain unclear. Therefore, researchers have explored the mechanisms underlying colitis using diverse materials. Recently, there has been an increasing interest in fermented products and bioconversion materials, their potential efficacy is being actively studied.

Extracellular Vimentin Alters Energy Metabolism And Induces Adipocyte Hypertrophy.

Backgruound: Previous studies have reported that oxidative stress contributes to obesity characterized by adipocyte hypertrophy. However, mechanism has not been studied extensively. In the current study, we evaluated role of extracellular vimentin secreted by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) in energy metabolism in adipocytes.

The Effect of the Mixed Extract of Nakai and Nakai on the Improvement of Degenerative Osteoarthritis through Inflammation Inhibition in the Monosodium Iodoacetate-Induced Mouse Model.

Osteoarthritis is a chronic inflammatory disease, and, due to the lack of fundamental treatment, the main objective is to alleviate pain and prevent cartilage damage. Nakai and Nakai are herbal plants known for their excellent anti-inflammatory properties. The objective of this study is to confirm the potential of a mixture extract of Nakai and Nakai as a functional raw material for improving osteoarthritis through anti-inflammatory effects in macrophages and MIA-induced arthritis experimental animals.

A multi-kernel and multi-scale learning based deep ensemble model for predicting recurrence of non-small cell lung cancer.

Predicting recurrence in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) before treatment is vital for guiding personalized medicine. Deep learning techniques have revolutionized the application of cancer informatics, including lung cancer time-to-event prediction. Most existing convolutional neural network (CNN) models are based on a single two-dimensional (2D) computational tomography (CT) image or three-dimensional (3D) CT volume.

Secondary diffuse large B-cell breast lymphoma developed in subcutaneous fat layer of the breast with cardiac involvement.

We present a rare case of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma developed in subcutaneous fat layer of the breast with cardiac involvement. Radiologists should perform an image-guided biopsy for pathologic confirmation of breast lymphomas and avoidance of unnecessary invasive treatment.

Clustered Microcysts Detected on Breast US in Asymptomatic Women.

Purpose: To investigate the incidence, outcomes, and imaging characteristics of clustered microcysts detected on breast US in asymptomatic women, and suggest appropriate management guidelines.

Materials And Methods: We identified and reviewed the lesions recorded as "clustered microcysts" on breast US performed in asymptomatic women between August 2014 and December 2019. The final diagnosis was based on pathology and imaging follow-up results for at least 12 months.

(Thunb.) Siebold leaf extract enhanced immunostimulatory effects in a cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed rat model.

Background: (Thunb.) Siebold (EA) is a medicinal plant used in some Asian countries to treat various diseases, including cancer, hyperglycemia, diabetes, urticaria, dysmenorrhea, and arthritis. Owing to the wide range of pharmacological applications of EA, various roles of EA are being studied.

Impact of Body Mass Index on Survival Depending on Sex in 14,688 Patients with Gastric Cancer in a Tertiary Hospital in South Korea.

Background/aims: The incidence and prognosis of gastric cancer (GC) shows sex difference. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of body mass index (BMI) on GC survival depending on sex.

Methods: The sex, age, location, histology, TNM stages, BMI, and survival were analyzed in GC patients from May 2003 to February 2020 at the Seoul National University Bundang Hospital.

Postpartum Galactocele in Augmented Breast after Using Breast Pump Mimicking Breast Implant-Associated Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma: A Case Report.

Post-partum galactocele is a common benign disease among breastfeeding women, whereas retromammary and peri-implant galactocele are relatively rare conditions. Herein, a 34-year-old, 1 month-postpartum female, who had augmentation mammoplasty and a 1-month history of breast pump use, presented with left breast enlargement for 2 weeks. An initial left breast US revealed hyperechoic peri-implant fluid collection.

Potential Effect of Enzymatic Porcine Placental Hydrolysate (EPPH) to Improve Alcoholic Liver Disease (ALD) by Promoting Lipolysis in the Liver.

Alcoholic liver disease is associated with the production of highly reactive free radicals by ethanol and its metabolites. Free radicals not only induce liver oxidation and damage tissues, but also stimulate an inflammatory response in hepatocytes, leading to severe liver disease. In order to improve alcoholic liver disease, enzymatic porcine placenta hydrolysate was studied by exploring various materials.

Identification of genes from ten oncogenic pathways associated with mortality and disease progression in glioblastoma.

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most malignant brain tumor with an extremely poor prognosis. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database has been used to confirm the roles played by 10 canonical oncogenic signaling pathways in various cancers. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the expression of genes in these 10 canonical oncogenic signaling pathways, which are significantly related to mortality and disease progression in GBM patients.

Evaluation of the synergistic impact of needle and forceps biopsy with electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy: the CONFIDENT-ENB trial design.

Background: Electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy (ENB) is an emerging advanced imaging-guided bronchoscopy technique for diagnosing peripheral lung lesions. However, the selection strategy for the optimal biopsy device and whether adopting a multi-tool strategy increases the diagnostic yield remains undetermined. The CONFIDENT-ENB trial (NCT05110131) is a prospective randomized study on ENB, performed in a least-invasive setting.

Protective effect of traditional Korean fermented soybean foods () on a dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis mouse model.

: The cause of ulcerative colitis (UC) is unknown, and the use of anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive drugs with certain side effects is currently replacing treatment. Therefore, it is important to find new healthy foods or ingredients that exhibit potential protective and anti-inflammatory effects on UC. This study investigated the potential protective effect of on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in a mouse model.

Male breast cancer presenting in accessory axillary breast.

We present a rare case of male axillary accessory breast cancer, which is extremely rare and is indistinguishable from lymphadenopathy and other malignancies, such as lymphoma and skin-derived tumors. Clinicians should consider accessory breast cancer in the differential diagnosis even in men, particularly in those who present with superficially located tumors with adjacent accessory breast tissue.