Characteristic visual phenotypes in Korean wild mice (KWM/Hym).

Background: In the last few decades, numerous efforts have been made to develop a better mouse model to overcome the current limitations of laboratory inbred mouse models such as have a weaker and simpler immune status. As part of these efforts, in Korea, the Hallym university medical genetics research team has been developing a new inbred strain of Korean wild mouse KWM/Hym. It was suggested that this strain, which is derived from wild mice, might be useful for genetic research and may become a valuable tool for overcoming some limitations seen in inbred mice that are currently used in the laboratory.

Decision and Practice of End-of-Life Care in Lung Disease Patients with Physicians Orders for Life Sustaining Treatment.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze end-of-life care practices in lung disease patients with physician orders for life-sustaining treatment (POLSTs).

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data from medical records regarding the end-of-life care practices of POLST decisions for patients with lung disease hospitalized at a tertiary hospital in Seoul, South Korea. Data were collected from January 1 to June 30, 2021.

Effectiveness and safety of injectable human papilloma virus vaccine administered as eyedrops.

Mucosal vaccines have the advantages of ease of administration and the induction of strong mucosal immunity and a systemic immune response. Recently, the eye mucosa has been shown to be an effective and safe alternative vaccination route against influenza, Toxoplasma gondii infection, and hemolytic uremic syndrome in mice. In this study, we showed that the commercially available human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccine, Cervarix, induced significant immune reactions in terms of anti-HPV antigen (Ag)-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgA antibody production following eyedrop (ED) vaccination in mice.

Ethylene emitted by viral pathogen-infected pepper ( L.) plants is a volatile chemical cue that attracts aphid vectors.

Plant viruses are obligate intracellular pathogens, and most depend on insect vectors for transmission between plants. Viral infection causes various physiological and metabolic changes in host traits, which subsequently influence the behavior and fitness of the insect vectors. Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), one of the most widespread pathogens in pepper ( L.

Eyedrop vaccination: an immunization route with promises for effective responses to pandemics.

Introduction: Mucosal vaccines have several advantages over parenteral vaccines. They induce both systemic and mucosal antigen-specific immune responses, allow easy administration, and bypass the need for trained medical personnel.

Areas Covered: Eye mucosa is a novel route of mucosal vaccine administration.

Viral Strain-Specific Activation of Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern-Triggered Immunity Enhances Symptom Severity in Broad Bean Wilt Virus 2 Infection.

Broad bean wilt virus 2 (BBWV2) is an emerging virus in various economically important crops, especially pepper ( L.), worldwide. Recently, the emergence of various BBWV2 strains that induce severe symptoms has increased damage to pepper crops.

Anti-atherosclerotic vaccination against as a potential comparator of statin in mice.

Background: is an oral anaerobe which damages teeth and periodontal tissues. Its body infection is known to cause chronic inflammation, thereby inducing an early stage of atherosclerosis through humoral immune actions. Hence, vaccination by immunizing the proteins of post sonication with heating may prevent atherosclerosis.

Newly emerged resistance-breaking variants of cucumber mosaic virus represent ongoing host-interactive evolution of an RNA virus.

Understanding the evolutionary history of a virus and the mechanisms influencing the direction of its evolution is essential for the development of more durable strategies to control the virus in crop fields. While the deployment of host resistance in crops is the most efficient means to control various viruses, host resistance itself can act as strong selective pressure and thus play a critical role in the evolution of virus virulence. Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), a plant RNA virus with high evolutionary capacity, has caused endemic disease in various crops worldwide, including pepper ( L.

Comparison of ophthalmic toxicity of light-emitting diode and organic light-emitting diode light sources.

The use of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) has rapidly increased in recent years. However, the effect of OLEDs on human health has not been studied yet. We investigated morphologic and functional changes after OLEDs exposure of human ocular cells, including corneal, conjunctival, lens, and retinal pigment epithelial cells, and mouse eyes.

Evaluation of factors related to Anaesthesia-induced Lens opacity in experimental mice.

To investigate conditions that cause temporal lens opacity, we tested chemical and physical factors, such as anaesthesia dose, ocular surface dryness, and infrared (IR) light exposure in anaesthetised C57BL/6 N mice. Mice were anaesthetised with a low (80%; tiletamine/zolazepam 32 mg/kg and xylazine 8 mg/kg, intraperitoneal injection) or high (120%; 48 mg/kg and 12 mg/kg) dose of anaesthetic and examined every 5 min from 10 to 30 min after anaesthesia was induced. Lens opacity levels were assessed and graded (1-6) using the standard classification system.

Meibum Expressibility Improvement as a Therapeutic Target of Intense Pulsed Light Treatment in Meibomian Gland Dysfunction and Its Association with Tear Inflammatory Cytokines.

Many recent studies have demonstrated the efficacy of intense pulsed light (IPL) for the treatment of meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD); however, its effective treatment targets have not yet been elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the baseline characteristics associated with an improvement in symptoms after IPL treatment; to examine the course of change in inflammatory tear cytokines, meibomian gland function, and tear stability; and to investigate the correlation between cytokines and ocular surface parameters. Thirty participants underwent three sessions of IPL treatment.

Molecular dissection of distinct symptoms induced by tomato chlorosis virus and tomato yellow leaf curl virus based on comparative transcriptome analysis.

The viral infection of plants may cause various physiological symptoms associated with the reprogramming of plant gene expression. However, the molecular mechanisms and associated genes underlying disease symptom development in plants infected with viruses are largely unknown. In this study, we employed RNA sequencing for in-depth molecular characterization of the transcriptional changes associated with the development of distinct symptoms induced by tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) and tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) in tomato.

Movement protein of broad bean wilt virus 2 serves as a determinant of symptom severity in pepper.

Broad bean wilt virus 2 (BBWV2, genus Fabavirus, family Secoviridae) has a wide host range and infects many economically important crops. Various isolates of BBWV2 have been identified from diverse host plants, and their molecular and biological characteristics have been investigated. In our previous study, we demonstrated that BBWV2 RNA2 contains a symptom determinant(s) capable of enhancing symptom severity by utilizing infectious full-length cDNA clones of two distinct strains of BBWV2, pBBWV2-PAP1 (a severe strain) and pBBWV2-RP1 (a mild strain).

T17 cells mediate inflammation in a novel model of spontaneous experimental autoimmune lacrimal keratoconjunctivitis with neural damage.

Background: Dry eye disease (DED) affects one third of the population worldwide. In prior studies, experimental autoimmune lacrimal keratoconjunctivitis (EALK) induced by desiccating stress in mice has been used as a model of DED. This model is complicated by a requirement for exogenous epithelial cell injury and administration of anticholinergic agents with broad immunologic effects.

Meibomian gland dysfunction and tear cytokines after cataract surgery according to preoperative meibomian gland status.

Background: To investigate the possible mechanisms by which cataract surgery aggravates meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD), we evaluated the changes in tear cytokines and ocular surface parameters after cataract surgery according to the preoperative MGD grade.

Design: Prospective, observational case series.

Participants: A total of 50 eyes from 50 patients who underwent cataract surgery were included.

Eyedrop Vaccination Induced Systemic and Mucosal Immunity against Influenza Virus in Ferrets.

We investigated eyedrop vaccination (EDV) in pre-clinical development for immunological protection against influenza and for potential side effects involving ocular inflammation and the central nervous system (CNS). Live attenuated influenza EDV, CA07 (H1N1), PZ-4 (H1N2) and Uruguay (H3N2), induced both systemic and mucosal virus-specific antibody responses in ferrets. In addition, EDV resulted in a clinically significant protection against viral challenge, and suppression of viral replication in nasal secretion and lung tissue.

Development of Allergic Conjunctivitis Induced by House Dust Mite Extract From Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a murine model of allergic conjunctivitis induced by house dust mite (HDM) extract from Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, a major allergen in humans.

Methods: Forty BALB/c mice were divided into five groups, immunized with placebo, ovalbumin (10 μg), or HDM extract following a schedule. Twenty minutes after topical challenge, mice were examined clinically.

Inactivated Eyedrop Influenza Vaccine Adjuvanted with Poly(I:C) Is Safe and Effective for Inducing Protective Systemic and Mucosal Immunity.

The eye route has been evaluated as an efficient vaccine delivery routes. However, in order to induce sufficient antibody production with inactivated vaccine, testing of the safety and efficacy of the use of inactivated antigen plus adjuvant is needed. Here, we assessed various types of adjuvants in eyedrop as an anti-influenza serum and mucosal Ab production-enhancer in BALB/c mice.

Tear Cytokines as Biomarkers for Chronic Graft-versus-Host Disease.

We investigated the tear cytokine profiles in patients who underwent stem cell transplantation (SCT) and attempted to evaluate whether tear cytokines are associated with the presence of systemic chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), regardless of ocular GVHD status. We also tested tear cytokines as biomarkers for chronic ocular GVHD severity. Forty-four patients who underwent SCT were enrolled and their diagnosis of chronic GVHD was confirmed.

Protection from hemolytic uremic syndrome by eyedrop vaccination with modified enterohemorrhagic E. coli outer membrane vesicles.

We investigated whether eyedrop vaccination using modified outer membrane vesicles (mOMVs) is effective for protecting against hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) caused by enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) O157:H7 infection. Modified OMVs and waaJ-mOMVs were prepared from cultures of MsbB- and Shiga toxin A subunit (STxA)-deficient EHEC O157:H7 bacteria with or without an additional waaJ mutation.

Effect of voriconazole and ultraviolet-A combination therapy compared to voriconazole single treatment on Fusarium solani fungal keratitis.

Purpose: To demonstrate that ultraviolet-A (UV-A) and voriconazole combination therapy is more effective than voriconazole single treatment for fungal keratitis.

Methods: The in vitro UV-A (375 nm) fungicidal effect was evaluated on Fusarium solani solutions. Each fungal solution was irradiated with different UV-A irradiation doses.

Analysis of tear cytokines and clinical correlations in Sjögren syndrome dry eye patients and non-Sjögren syndrome dry eye patients.

Purpose: To compare concentrations of tear cytokines in 3 groups composed of Sjögren syndrome (SS) dry eye, non-Sjögren syndrome (non-SS) dry eye, and normal subjects. Correlations between ocular surface parameters and tear cytokines were also investigated.

Design: Prospective cross-sectional study.

Comparison of Obstetric Pain, Anxiety, and Cervical Dilatation between Epidural Analgesia and No Analgesia group during Labor Stage I.

Purpose: This research was done to compare obstetric pain, anxiety and cervical dilatation between an epidural analgesia group and a control group.

Methods: Participants were assigned to the experimental or control group depending on their decisions for pain relief. Subjective / objective obstetric pain, anxiety level and cervical dilatation were measured and ANOVA was used for comparison of groups and paired t-test to make pre-post comparisons.

Eye mucosa: an efficient vaccine delivery route for inducing protective immunity.

The external part of the eye shares mucosa-associated common characteristics and is an obvious entry site for foreign Ags. We assessed the potential of eyedrop vaccination for effective delivery of vaccines against viral or bacterial infection in mice. Both OVA-specific IgG Ab in serum and IgA Ab in mucosal compartments were induced by eyedrops of OVA with cholera toxin (CT).