Development and application of an LC-MS/MS method for urinary DNA adduct profiling in residents of environmentally vulnerable areas.

DNA adducts, formed by the covalent binding of reactive electrophiles to DNA, serve as biomarkers of genotoxic exposure and early biological effects. However, non-invasive, high-throughput biomonitoring methods remain underdeveloped. This study developed and validated a robust LC-MS/MS method for simultaneous quantification of six urinary DNA adducts and applied it to assess environmental exposure among residents of polluted and control areas.

Machine learning based prediction of cognitive metrics using major biomarkers in SuperAgers.

As populations age, understanding cognitive decline and age-related diseases like dementia has become increasingly important. "SuperAgers," individuals over 65 with cognitive abilities similar to those in their 40s, provide a unique perspective on cognitive reserve. This study analyzed 55 blood biomarkers, including cellular components and metabolism/inflammation-related factors, in 39 SuperAgers and 42 typical agers.

Fecal microbiota transplantation fails to impart the benefits of circadian-dependent intermittent fasting following ischemic stroke.

Intermittent fasting (IF) is known to induce significant ischemic tolerance. Diet is a major proponent of gut microbiota, and gut microbial dysbiosis plays a role in post-stroke brain damage. Hence, we currently evaluated whether IF-mediated ischemic tolerance is mediated by gut microbiota.

Preserved brain youthfulness: longitudinal evidence of slower brain aging in superagers.

Background: Superagers, older adults with exceptional cognitive abilities, show preserved brain structure compared to typical older adults. We investigated whether superagers have biologically younger brains based on their structural integrity.

Methods: A cohort of 153 older adults (aged 61-93) was recruited, with 63 classified as superagers based on superior episodic memory and 90 as typical older adults, of whom 64 were followed up after two years.

Predicting superagers: a machine learning approach utilizing gut microbiome features.

Objective: Cognitive decline is often considered an inevitable aspect of aging; however, recent research has identified a subset of older adults known as "superagers" who maintain cognitive abilities comparable to those of younger individuals. Investigating the neurobiological characteristics associated with superior cognitive function in superagers is essential for understanding "successful aging." Evidence suggests that the gut microbiome plays a key role in brain function, forming a bidirectional communication network known as the microbiome-gut-brain axis.

Elevated cerebral blood flow proxy with increased beta-amyloid burden in Alzheimer's disease preclinical phase evaluated by dual-phase F-florbetaben positron emission tomography.

This study investigated the earliest change of cerebral blood flow (CBF) and its relationship with β-amyloid (Aβ) burden in preclinical Alzheimer's disease (AD) employing dual-phase F-florbetaben (FBB) PET. Seventy-one cognitively normal (NC) individuals were classified as Aβ negative (AβNC) or positive (AβNC) based on two different cutoff values: an SUVR of > 1.08 and a Centiloid scale of > 20.

Circadian-Dependent Intermittent Fasting Influences Ischemic Tolerance and Dendritic Spine Remodeling.

Background: Preconditioning by intermittent fasting is linked to improved cognition and motor function, and enhanced recovery after stroke. Although the duration of fasting was shown to elicit different levels of neuroprotection after ischemic stroke, the impact of time of fasting with respect to the circadian cycles remains unexplored.

Methods: Cohorts of mice were subjected to a daily 16-hour fast, either during the dark phase (active-phase intermittent fasting) or the light phase (inactive-phase intermittent fasting) or were fed ad libitum.

Alterations in Gut Microbiota and Their Correlation with Brain Beta-Amyloid Burden Measured by F-Florbetaben PET in Mild Cognitive Impairment Due to Alzheimer's Disease.

This study investigated changes in the gut microbial composition of individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) due to Alzheimer's disease (AD) and their relationship with positron emission tomography (PET) amyloid accumulation. In total, 17 cognitively normal individuals without amyloid-beta (Aβ) accumulation (AβNC) and 24 with Aβ-positive mild cognitive impairment (AβMCI) who underwent F-florbetaben PET and fecal bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing were enrolled. The taxonomic compositions of the AβNC and AβMCI groups were compared.

Predicting superagers by machine learning classification based on the functional brain connectome using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging.

Superagers are defined as older adults who have youthful memory performance comparable to that of middle-aged adults. Classifying superagers based on the brain connectome using machine learning modeling can provide important insights on the physiology underlying successful aging. We aimed to investigate the unique patterns of functional brain connectome of superagers and develop predictive models to differentiate superagers from typical agers based on machine learning methods.

Aberrantly higher functional connectivity in the salience network is associated with transient global amnesia.

Triple intrinsic brain networks including the salience network (SN), default mode network (DMN), and central executive network (CEN), are known to be important in human cognition. Therefore, investigating those intrinsic brain networks in transient global amnesia (TGA) may offer novel insight useful for the pathophysiology of TGA. Fifty TGA patients underwent the resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) within 24 h, at 72 h, and 3 months after TGA onset.

The Moderating Role of Sleep Quality on the Association between Neuroticism and Frontal Executive Function in Older Adults.

Objective/background: Personality traits are regarded as risk factors for cognitive impairment in older adults, while sleep disturbance and physical inactivity are also considered as modifiable risk factors. Therefore, it could be beneficial to investigate the effects of those modifiable risk factors on the relationship between personality traits and cognitive functions, to prepare appropriate strategies for mitigating cognitive impairment.

Participants: A total of 155 cognitively unimpaired older adults were included.

White Matter Integrity Is Associated With the Amount of Physical Activity in Older Adults With Super-aging.

Previous studies have introduced the concept of "SuperAgers," defined as older adults with youthful memory performance associated with the increased cortical thickness of the anterior cingulate cortex. Given that age-related structural brain changes are observed earlier in the white matter (WM) than in the cortical areas, we investigated whether WM integrity is different between the SuperAgers (SA) and typical agers (TA) and whether it is associated with superior memory performance as well as a healthy lifestyle. A total of 35 SA and 55 TA were recruited for this study.

Four-Week, Home-Based, Robot Cognitive Intervention for Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment: a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background And Purpose: Previous studies suggest that cognitive intervention can mitigate the development of dementia in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). However, the previous cognitive intervention was mostly provided as a group session, in which MCI patients sometimes had difficulty in regularly attending sessions or were reluctant to participate in group-based classes. Additionally, experienced instructors for traditional cognitive intervention may be unavailable in some chronic-care facilities or community centers.

Alterations in structural rich-club connectivity of the precuneus are associated with depressive symptoms among individuals with subjective memory complaints.

The association between subjective memory complaints (SMCs) and depressive symptoms has been widely reported and both have been regarded as risk factors for dementia, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although SMCs arise as early as in middle age, the exact neural correlates of comorbid depressive symptoms among individuals who are middle-aged and with SMCs have not yet been well investigated. Because rich-club organization of the brain plays a key role in the pathophysiology of various neuropsychiatric disorders, the investigation of rich club organization may provide insight regarding the neurobiological mechanisms of depressive symptoms in SMCs.

A Novel Detection Model and Its Optimal Features to Classify Falls from Low- and High-Acceleration Activities of Daily Life Using an Insole Sensor System.

In order to overcome the current limitations in current threshold-based and machine learning-based fall detectors, an insole system and novel fall classification model were created. Because high-acceleration activities have a high risk for falls, and because of the potential damage that is associated with falls during high-acceleration activities, four low-acceleration activities, four high-acceleration activities, and eight types of high-acceleration falls were performed by twenty young male subjects. Encompassing a total of 800 falls and 320 min of activities of daily life (ADLs), the created Support Vector Machine model’s Leave-One-Out cross-validation provides a fall detection sensitivity (0.

Recovery from Posttraumatic Stress Requires Dynamic and Sequential Shifts in Amygdalar Connectivities.

The neural mechanisms underlying the development and maintenance of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have long been studied. However, little is known about the neural correlates of the recovery process from PTSD. A 5-year longitudinal study was conducted to investigate the trajectory of structural connectivities of the amygdala in disaster survivors with PTSD.

Subregional Shape Alterations in the Amygdala in Patients with Panic Disorder.

Background: The amygdala has been known to play a pivotal role in mediating fear-related responses including panic attacks. Given the functionally distinct role of the amygdalar subregions, morphometric measurements of the amygdala may point to the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying panic disorder. The current study aimed to determine the global and local morphometric alterations of the amygdala related to panic disorder.

Effects of Ganglioside on Working Memory and the Default Mode Network in Individuals with Subjective Cognitive Impairment: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial examined whether the administration of ganglioside, an active ingredient of deer bone extract, can improve working memory performance by increasing gray matter volume and functional connectivity in the default mode network (DMN) in individuals with subjective cognitive impairment. Seventy-five individuals with subjective cognitive impairment were chosen to receive either ganglioside (330[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]g/day or 660[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]g/day) or a placebo for 8 weeks. Changes in working memory performance with treatment of either ganglioside or placebo were assessed as cognitive outcome measures.