Development and application of an LC-MS/MS method for urinary DNA adduct profiling in residents of environmentally vulnerable areas.

DNA adducts, formed by the covalent binding of reactive electrophiles to DNA, serve as biomarkers of genotoxic exposure and early biological effects. However, non-invasive, high-throughput biomonitoring methods remain underdeveloped. This study developed and validated a robust LC-MS/MS method for simultaneous quantification of six urinary DNA adducts and applied it to assess environmental exposure among residents of polluted and control areas.

Evaluation of acute, repeated dose 28-day and 13-week oral toxicity and genotoxicity of a standardized fraction (HemoHIM) from .

HemoHIM is a functional food ingredient comprising a triple herbal combination of extracts from Nakai, Makino, and Pallas. It was developed to aid the recovery of impaired immune function. Although it is widely used to treat various immune disorders in Korea, its potential toxicity has not been extensively investigated.