A multi-tissue single-cell expression atlas in cattle.

Systematic characterization of the molecular states of cells in livestock tissues is essential for understanding the cellular and genetic mechanisms underlying economically and ecologically important physiological traits. Here, as part of the Farm Animal Genotype-Tissue Expression (FarmGTEx) project, we describe a comprehensive reference map including 1,793,854 cells from 59 bovine tissues in calves and adult cattle, spanning both sexes, which reveals intra-tissue and inter-tissue cellular heterogeneity in gene expression, transcription factor regulation and intercellular communication. Integrative analysis with genetic variants that underpin bovine monogenic and complex traits uncovers cell types of relevance, such as spermatocytes, responsible for sperm motility and excitatory neurons for milk fat yield.

Dysregulation of MicroRNA-455-5p Contributes to Pulpitis Pathogenesis Through Modulating MYD88.

Objective: The study was designed to investigate the molecular mechanism of microRNA-455-5p (miR-455-5p) in the initiation and progression of pulpitis.

Methods: MiR-455-5p expression was examined using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assay (qRT-PCR). Its diagnostic capacity was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.

Association of MMP-8 rs11225395 Polymorphism with the Susceptibility of Peri-Implantitis.

Purpose: Peri-implantitis (PI) is the primary cause of implant failure, and genetic susceptibility significantly influences its development. This study investigated the association between the MMP-8 rs11225395 polymorphism and PI in the Chinese Han population.

Materials And Methods: In this study, 140 Chinese Han patients diagnosed with PI and 156 healthy implant controls were included.

Are there differences in efficacy and safety between local and imported direct-acting antiviral agents for hepatitis C in China?

Background: Despite price advantages, local direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs) for hepatitis C (hep C) have not been widely used in China compared with the imported ones. There is no evidence on their relative efficacy and safety, nor whether the small market share of local DAAs was attributable to the potential differences.

Methods: This study systematically evaluated the efficacy and safety evidence of 5 local and 6 imported DAAs with valid Chinese registration numbers as of January 25, 2024.

Integrating transcriptomic and metabolomic profiles of primiparous Holstein cows across multiple lactation periods reveals the regulatory mechanism underlying milk component traits.

To investigate the regulatory mechanisms underlying milk production traits, transcriptional sequencing (RNA-seq) and metabolomic analysis with liquid chromatography-MS were implemented in blood and serum samples from 25 lactating Holstein cows across multiple lactation stages. We identified 16,147, 15,859, and 16,010 expressed genes (fragments per kilobase million >1) and 160, 332, and 142 differentially expressed genes (DEG) during early, peak, and late lactation, respectively; the DEG were significantly enriched in adipocytokine, PPAR, and cAMP signaling and influenced cholesterol, vitamin B, and fat metabolism; 9 candidate genes were identified by comparing QTLs related to milk production, reproduction, and disease resistance traits. Additionally, 303 metabolites in 22 categories were detected, in which 19, 22, and 32 metabolites displayed differential abundance in the early versus peak, early versus late, and peak versus late comparison groups, respectively.

Golgi apparatus-targeting liquid metal disrupts tumor biomechanics to enable synergistic immunotherapy via matrix remodeling.

Immunotherapy is among the most promising strategies for tumor treatment. However, elevated tumor interstitial fluid pressure (TIFP) and a dense extracellular matrix (ECM) hinder immune cell infiltration into the tumor core, significantly reducing therapeutic efficacy. Harnessing the asymmetric structure and dynamic atomic configurations of GaInZn liquid metal (LM), LM/CS@M nanomedicines were developed to simultaneously target cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and the Golgi apparatus, modulating the tumor stroma and enhancing immunotherapy.

A Review of Early Childhood Caries: Risk Factors, Management, and Policy Recommendations.

Initially, the American Academy of Pedodontics and the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) jointly addressed severe tooth decay related to bottle use by issuing a statement on Nursing Bottle Caries. However, over the next two decades, the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (AAPD) expanded its understanding, recognising that early childhood caries (ECC) resulted from various inadequate feeding practices, leading to the adoption of the broader term "ECC" to better reflect its complex causes. This review discusses ECC: its prevalence, risk factors, effects, prevention, early detection, and treatment.

S-domain receptor-like protein kinase OsGRSK1 participates in regulating plant height and grain size via gibberellin pathway in rice.

Gibberellin (GA) has been extensively confirmed to mainly be involved in the regulation of plant height. In the present study, we characterized the function of an S-domain receptor-like protein kinase, OsGRSK1 (GA-related S-locus-like receptor protein kinase 1), in GA-mediated plant height regulation. Expression profile analysis revealed that OsGRSK1 which encodes a plasma membrane-localized protein is mainly expressed in both young and mature rice roots.

Strategies, Barriers, and Facilitators for Healthcare Professionals to Recommend HPV Vaccination: A Systematic Review.

: The HPV vaccine has demonstrated efficacy in preventing approximately 90% of HPV infection-associated cancers. However, the global HPV vaccination coverage rate remains low. Healthcare professionals are trusted sources of information on vaccination.

Somatic embryogenetic receptor kinase TaSERL2 regulates heat stress tolerance in wheat by influencing TaBZR2 protein stability and transcriptional activity.

Heat stress is a major factor limiting crop yield, a challenge intensified by climate change. Initial findings indicate that BES1/BZR1 may use heat shock to regulate plant thermal adaptability independently of BIN2-mediated brassinosteroid signalling, although the exact molecular mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we identified TaBZR2, a wheat gene whose expression showed a strong positive correlation with heat stress tolerance, based on transcriptome analysis of heat-tolerant wheat cultivars.

The SnRK1 kinase TaSnRK1.10 positively regulates heavy metal chromium tolerance mainly by mediating reactive oxygen species homeostasis and activating the phenylpropanoid biosynthetic pathway in wheat.

The sucrose non-fermenting-1 (SNF1)-related kinase (SnRK1) family plays key roles in multiple plant processes. However, limited information about its role in chromium (Cr) tolerance is available. Here, we identified an SnRK1 member (TaSnRK1.

Comprehensive Analysis of Hormonal Signaling Pathways and Gene Expression in Flesh Segment Development of Chinese Bayberry ().

Chinese bayberry ( or ) is a valuable fruit, yet the mechanism of its flesh segment development is not well understood. Using paraffin sectioning, we investigated the flower buds of the 'Biqi' and 'Zaojia' varieties, revealing that the flesh segment development in these Chinese bayberry varieties involved the formation of a primordium outside the ovary wall, the establishment of a simple columnar structure, and the formation of the primary flesh segment. Assessment of endogenous hormone levels indicated the significant reductions in jasmonic acid (JA) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) levels at the critical stages of flesh segment development.

Sonocatalysis Regulates Tumor Autophagy for Enhanced Immunotherapy.

Immunotherapy stands as a groundbreaking strategy for cancer treatment, due to its ability to precisely and safely detect and eradicate tumors. However, the efficacy of immunotherapy is often limited by tumor autophagy, a natural defense mechanism that tumors exploit to resist immune attacks. Herein, we introduce a spatiotemporally controlled method to modulate tumor autophagy via sonocatalysis, aiming to improve immunotherapeutic outcomes.

High Stability Hypha-Like Core-Shell Nanostructure by In Situ Induced Phase Inversion for Zinc Metal Batteries.

Nanomaterials are widely used in many fields for their unique physical and chemical properties and especially demonstrate irreplaceability in energy storage systems. In this paper, a novel composite of copper sulfide with hypha-like core-shell nano-structure is synthesized by in situ phase inversion method, which serves as high stability negative electrode materials of zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs). The unique structure facilitates efficient electron and ion transport, enhances the kinetics of electrochemical reactions, and effectively suppresses the undesired expansion and decomposition of transition metal compounds.

Natural MOF-Like Photocatalytic Nanozymes Alleviate Tumor Pressure for Enhanced Nanodrug Penetration.

In oncological nanomedicine, overcoming the dual-phase high interstitial pressure in the tumor microenvironment is pivotal for enhancing the penetration and efficacy of nanotherapeutics. The elevated tumor interstitial solid pressure (TISP) is largely attributed to the overaccumulation of collagen in the extracellular matrix, while the increased tumor interstitial fluid pressure (TIFP) stems from the accumulation of fluid due to the aberrant vascular architecture. In this context, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with catalytic efficiency have shown potential in degrading tumor interstitial components, thereby reducing interstitial pressure.

Multiscale Entropy-Based Feature Extraction for the Detection of Instability Inception in Axial Compressors.

The detection of instability inception is favorable to avoid compressor instability. In this paper, a multiscale entropy-based feature extraction is developed for the detection of the instability inception in axial compressors. Nonlinear and statistical features of the short-time instability inception are extracted by generally combining multiscale entropy and statistical features.

Nickel-Catalyzed Enantioselective Synthesis of Dienyl Sulfoxide.

Sulfoxides are widely used in the pharmaceutical industry and as ligands in asymmetric catalysis. However, the efficient asymmetric synthesis of this structural motif remains limited. In this study, we disclosed a Ni-catalyzed enantioconvergent reaction that utilizes both racemic allenyl carbonates and β-sulfinyl esters.

L-type lectin receptor-like kinase OsCORK1 as an important negative regulator confers copper stress tolerance in rice.

Copper (Cu) is vital for plant growth but becomes toxic in excess, posing potential threats to human health. Although receptor-like kinases (RLKs) have been studied in plant response to abiotic stresses, their roles in Cu stress response remain poorly understood. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate Cu toxicity effects on rice and elucidate its potential molecular mechanisms.

Abscisic acid alleviates mercury toxicity in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) by promoting cell wall formation.

Mercury (Hg) is a heavy metal (HM) that affects crop growth and productivity. In a previous study, we found that application of exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) alleviated growth inhibition in Hg-stressed wheat seedlings. However, the physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying ABA-mediated Hg detoxification remained unclear.

Decrease in Tumor Interstitial Pressure for Enhanced Drug Intratumoral Delivery and Synergistic Tumor Therapy.

Currently, one of the main reasons for the ineffectiveness of tumor treatment is that the abnormally high tumor interstitial pressure (TIP) hinders the delivery of drugs to the tumor center and promotes intratumoral cell survival and metastasis. Herein, we designed a "nanomotor" by in situ growth of AgS nanoparticles on the surface of ultrathin WS to fabricate Z-scheme photocatalytic drug AWS@M, which could rapidly enter tumors by splitting water in interstitial liquid to reduce TIP, along with O generation. Moreover, the O would be further converted to reactive oxygen species (ROS), accompanied by increased local temperature of tumors, and the combination of ROS with thermotherapy could eliminate the deep tumor cells.

Leaf cytokinin accumulation promotes potato growth in mixed nitrogen supply by coordination of nitrogen and carbon metabolism.

The source and sink balance determines crop growth, which is largely modulated by nitrogen (N) supplies. The use of mixed ammonium and nitrate as N supply can improve plant growth, however mechanisms involving the coordination of carbon and N metabolism are not well understood. Here, we investigated potato plants responding to N forms and confirmed that, compared with sole nitrate supply, mixed N (75 %/25 % nitrate/ammonium) enhanced leaf area, photosynthetic activity and N metabolism and accordingly resulted in outgrowth of stolons and shoot axillary buds.

Dynamic changes in provincial exhaust emissions in China in the carbon peak and neutrality setting: based on the effects of energy consumption and economic growth.

Reducing exhaust emissions, promoting economic development, and realizing clean energy utilization have always been concerns in China. To measure the relationship between them, this study selects the data related to energy consumption, economic growth, and exhaust emissions from 2000 to 2019 in 30 Chinese provinces. By constructing a panel vector autoregressive (PVAR) model, the dynamic relationship between them in China is quantitatively analyzed.

The molecular mechanism of circRHOBTB3 inhibits the proliferation and invasion of epithelial ovarian cancer by serving as the ceRNA of miR-23a-3p.

Rising evidences bespeak that circular RNAs are indispensable in regulating cellular biological behaviors and engaging in diseases' occurrence. CircRHOBTB3 has been reported to participate intimately in the progression of some cancers. Nevertheless, the mechanism by which circRHOBTB3 regulates tumorigenesis in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) remains ill-defined.