Simultaneous Elucidation of the Chemodiversity of Dissolved Organic Matter and Quantitation of Trace Organic Contaminant Sucralose by Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry.

Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) has become a cutting-edge technique for molecular characterization of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and trace organic contaminants. Nevertheless, FT-ICR MS is rarely applied to simultaneously elucidate DOM chemodiversity and quantify the concentrations of trace organic contaminants. Compared to conventional solid-phase extraction (SPE), pH-dependent fractionation of DOM molecules using a sequential SPE strategy significantly enhanced the recovery of dissolved organic carbon and yielded more chemical formulas for DOM from environmental samples ( < 0.

Preparation and Performance Optimization of Lead-Zinc Tailing Sintered Bricks.

Lead-zinc tailings are waste materials generated from mineral processing and smelting, and their long-term accumulation poses potential threats to the environment and soil. To achieve resource recycling and sustainable development, this study used lead-zinc tailings and clay as raw materials and glass powder as a modifier to prepare modified lead-zinc tailing sintered bricks. Through full-factor experiments and single-factor experiments, the effects of the material proportions, the sintering temperature, and the holding time on the properties of the sintered bricks were investigated.

Development of a Nontargeted Algorithm for Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in the FT-ICR Mass Spectra of Complex Organic Mixtures.

The unrivaled mass resolving power and subppm mass error enable the application of Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) for nontargeted screening of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). Few automated FT-ICR MS methods exist for nontargeted analysis of PFAS in solutions containing other dissolved organic matter. In this study, isotopic pattern analysis and dynamic homologous series inspection were complementarily employed in the FTMSDeu algorithm to simultaneously assign chemical formulas for PFAS and other organic molecules, with an overall assignment accuracy of 91.

Molecular composition difference of electron donating moieties between natural organic matter and effluent organic matter probed by chlorine dioxide.

Lignin- and tannin-like phenolic compounds are shown to be the major compositions of electron donating moieties (EDM) of aquatic natural organic matter (NOM). However, little is known about the compositions of EDMs within effluent organic matter (EfOM). In the present study, chlorine dioxide (ClO) was used as a selectively oxidative probe to investigate the difference in the molecular composition of EDM between NOM and EfOM due to its high selectivity towards electron-rich compounds.

Two Peaks of Seasonal Influenza Epidemics - China, 2023.

Introduction: Influenza is a communicable respiratory disease that causes annual epidemics and occasional unpredictable pandemics. This study examines the occurrence of two unexpected influenza peaks within the year 2023.

Methods: Influenza-like illness (ILI) data were reported, and specimens of ILI were collected by designated surveillance hospitals.

R229I substitution from oseltamivir induction in HA1 region significantly increased the fitness of a H7N9 virus bearing NA 292K.

The proportion of human isolates with reduced neuraminidase inhibitors (NAIs) susceptibility in highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H7N9 virus was high. These drug-resistant strains showed good replication capacity without serious loss of fitness. In the presence of oseltamivir, R229I substitution were found in HA1 region of the HPAI H7N9 virus before NA R292K appeared.

Factors affecting the immunogenicity of influenza vaccines in human.

Background: The influenza viruses pose a threat to human health and medical services, and vaccination is an important way to prevent infection. However, the effectiveness of influenza vaccines is affected by various aspects. This study aimed to explore factors related to the immune response to influenza vaccines.

Genetic variants in BAT2 are associated with immune responsiveness to influenza vaccination.

Influenza is a global public health problem for its detrimental impact on human health. Annual vaccination is the most effective prevention of influenza infection. Identifying host genetic factors associated with the responsiveness to influenza vaccines can provide clues for developing more effective influenza vaccines.

Epidemiological and virological surveillance of influenza viruses in China during 2020-2021.

Background: During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, seasonal influenza activity declined globally and remained below previous seasonal levels, but intensified in China since 2021. Preventive measures to COVID-19 accompanied by different epidemic characteristics of influenza in different regions of the world. To better respond to influenza outbreaks under the COVID-19 pandemic, we analyzed the epidemiology, antigenic and genetic characteristics, and antiviral susceptibility of influenza viruses in the mainland of China during 2020-2021.

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the Human Leukocyte Antigen Region Are Associated With Hemagglutination Inhibition Antibody Response to Influenza Vaccine.

The annual death associated with seasonal influenza is 290,000-650,000 globally, which can be effectively reduced by influenza vaccination. However, the protective hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) antibody response to influenza vaccine is affected by many factors, among which single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) region can alter the antigen-presenting function of the HLA molecule, thus influencing the process of antibody mounting against vaccine antigen. Healthy subjects of the Han nationality were recruited and received seasonal trivalent influenza vaccine.

Epidemiological and Virological Surveillance of Seasonal Influenza Viruses - China, 2020-2021.

Introduction: During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the circulation of seasonal influenza virus declined globally and remained below previous seasonal levels. We analyzed the results of the epidemiology, antigenic, and genetic characteristics, and antiviral susceptibilities of seasonal influenza viruses isolated from the mainland of China during October 5, 2020 through September 5, 2021, to better assess the risk of influenza during subsequent influenza season in 20212022.

Methods: Positive rates of influenza virus detection during this period were based on real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection by the Chinese National Influenza Surveillance Network laboratories, and isolated viruses from influenza positive samples were submitted to the Chinese National Influenza Center.

Association of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in , and With Humoral Immune Response to Influenza Vaccine.

Although previous studies have proposed leptin plays an important role in energy metabolism as well as in immune response, the effects of leptin-related genes on influenza vaccine-induced immune response remain unexplored. In this study, we aimed to investigate the potential association of leptin gene (), leptin receptor gene (), and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma gene () polymorphisms with humoral immune response to influenza vaccine. Based on the seroconversion to influenza vaccine, 227 low-responders and 365 responders were selected in this study, and 11 candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped using the MassARRAY technology platform.

Identification of Two Novel Candidate Genetic Variants Associated With the Responsiveness to Influenza Vaccination.

Background: Annual vaccination is the most effective prevention of influenza infection. Up to now, a series of studies have demonstrated the role of genetic variants in regulating the antibody response to influenza vaccine. However, among the Chinese population, the relationship between genetic factors and the responsiveness to influenza vaccination has not been clarified through genome-wide association study (GWAS).

Exosomal Transfer of Macrophage-Derived miR-223 Confers Doxorubicin Resistance in Gastric Cancer.

Purpose: Macrophages are a major component of the tumour microenvironment and play an important role in chemoresistance of cancer. However, how exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) derived from macrophages contribute to the development of doxorubicin resistance in gastric cancer (GC) are not clearly defined. The aim of this study was to investigate whether macrophage-derived exosomes mediate doxorubicin resistance in GC.

Incidence of influenza virus infections confirmed by serology in children and adult in a suburb community, northern China, 2018-2019 influenza season.

Background: In mainland China, seasonal influenza disease burden at community level is unknown. The incidence rate of influenza virus infections in the community is difficult to determine due to the lack of well-defined catchment populations of influenza-like illness surveillance sentinel hospitals.

Objectives: We established a community-based cohort to estimate incidence of seasonal influenza infections indicated by serology and protection conferred by antibody titers against influenza infections during 2018-2019 influenza season in northern China.

Effectiveness of favipiravir (T-705) against wild-type and oseltamivir-resistant influenza B virus in mice.

The emergence of resistant mutants to the wildly used neuraminidase inhibitors (NAIs) makes the development of novel drugs necessary. Favipiravir (T-705) is one of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) inhibitors developed in recent years. To examine the efficacy of T-705 against influenza B virus infections in vivo, C57BL/6 mice infected with wild-type or oseltamivir-resistant influenza B/Memphis/20/96 viruses were treated with T-705.

Human infection with a novel reassortant Eurasian-avian lineage swine H1N1 virus in northern China.

Influenza A virus infections occur in different species, causing mild to severe respiratory symptoms that lead to a heavy disease burden. Eurasian avian-like swine influenza A(H1N1) viruses (EAS-H1N1) are predominant in pigs and occasionally infect humans. An influenza A(H1N1) virus was isolated from a boy who was suffering from fever and headache and designated as A/Tianjin-baodi/1606/2018(H1N1).

Highly pathogenic avian influenza H7N9 viruses with reduced susceptibility to neuraminidase inhibitors showed comparable replication capacity to their sensitive counterparts.

Background: Human infection with avian influenza H7N9 virus was first reported in 2013. Since the fifth epidemic, a highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H7N9 virus has emerged and caused 33 human infections. Several potential NAI resistance sites have been found in human cases.

Neuraminidase inhibitor susceptibility profile of human influenza viruses during the 2016-2017 influenza season in Mainland China.

To understand the current situation of antiviral-resistance of influenza viruses to neuraminidase inhibitors (NAIs) in Mainland China, The antiviral-resistant surveillance data of the circulating influenza viruses in Mainland China during the 2016-2017 influenza season were analyzed. The total 3215 influenza viruses were studied to determine 50% inhibitory concentration (IC) for oseltamivir and zanamivir using a fluorescence-based assay. Approximately 0.

Effect of Oseltamivir on the Hemagglutination Test and Hemagglutination Inhibition Test of the Influenza A(H3N2) Virus in China.

We compared the effect of oseltamivir on the hemagglutination (HA) test and hemagglutinin inhibition (HI) test of the influenza A(H3N2) virus in China to obtain the "true" HA titer and antigenic variation. A total of 395 influenza H3N2 strains isolated in mainland China from October 2014 to May 2015 were analyzed with HA and HI tests, with or without oseltamivir..

[Susceptibility of human influenza A (H3N2) viruses to neuraminidase inhibitors isolated during 2011-2012 in China].

Objective: To analyze the susceptibility of influenza A (H3N2) viruses to neuraminidase inhibitors during 2011-2012 in Mainland China.

Methods: All the tested viruses were obtained from the Chinese National Influenza Surveillance Network, which covers 31 provinces in mainland China, including 408 network laboratories and 554 sentinel hospitals. In total 1 903 viruses were selected with isolation date from January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2012 in Mainland China, among these viruses, 721 were confirmed to be influenza A (H3N2) virus by Chinese National Influenza Center and tested for the susceptibility to oseltamivir and zanamivir using chemiluminescence-based assay.

Antigenic variation of the human influenza A (H3N2) virus during the 2014-2015 winter season.

The human influenza A (H3N2) virus dominated the 2014-2015 winter season in many countries and caused massive morbidity and mortality because of its antigenic variation. So far, very little is known about the antigenic patterns of the recent H3N2 virus. By systematically mapping the antigenic relationships of H3N2 strains isolated since 2010, we discovered that two groups with obvious antigenic divergence, named SW13 (A/Switzerland/9715293/2013-like strains) and HK14 (A/Hong Kong/5738/2014-like strains), co-circulated during the 2014-2015 winter season.