NbNAC1 enhances plant immunity against TMV by regulating isochorismate synthase 1 expression and the SA pathway.

Salicylic acid (SA) plays important roles in plant local and systemic resistance. Isochorismate synthase 1 (ICS1) is a key enzyme in SA synthesis. Pathogens infection triggered the ICS1 expression and induced SA production.

Metabolic activities of marine ammonia-oxidizing archaea orchestrated by quorum sensing.

Ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) play crucial roles in marine carbon and nitrogen cycles by fixing inorganic carbon and performing the initial step of nitrification. Evaluation of carbon and nitrogen metabolism popularly relies on functional genes such as and . Increasing studies suggest that quorum sensing (QS) mainly studied in biofilms for bacteria may serve as a universal communication and regulatory mechanism among prokaryotes; however, this has yet to be demonstrated in marine planktonic archaea.

Ultrastructural insights into cellular organization, energy storage and ribosomal dynamics of an ammonia-oxidizing archaeon from oligotrophic oceans.

Introduction: Nitrososphaeria, formerly known as , constitute a diverse and widespread group of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) inhabiting ubiquitously in marine and terrestrial environments, playing a pivotal role in global nitrogen cycling. Despite their importance in Earth's ecosystems, the cellular organization of AOA remains largely unexplored, leading to a significant unanswered question of how the machinery of these organisms underpins metabolic functions.

Methods: In this study, we combined spherical-chromatic-aberration-corrected cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET), scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) to unveil the cellular organization and elemental composition of SCM1, a representative member of marine .

Nanotechnology Reprogramming Metabolism for Enhanced Tumor Immunotherapy.

Mutation burden, hypoxia, and immunoediting contribute to altered metabolic profiles in tumor cells, resulting in a tumor microenvironment (TME) characterized by accumulation of toxic metabolites and depletion of various nutrients, which significantly hinder the antitumor immunity multiple mechanisms, hindering the efficacy of tumor immunotherapies. In-depth investigation of the mechanisms underlying these phenomena are vital for developing effective antitumor drugs and therapies, while the therapeutic effects of metabolism-targeting drugs are restricted by off-target toxicity toward effector immune cells and high dosage-mediated side effects. Nanotechnologies, which exhibit versatility and plasticity in targeted delivery and metabolism modulation, have been widely applied to boost tumor immunometabolic therapies multiple strategies, including targeting of metabolic pathways.

Liquid metal microspheres with an eddy-thermal effect for magnetic hyperthermia-enhanced cancer embolization-immunotherapy.

Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) display poor prognosis because HCC involves a high rate of metastasis and regrowth. Herein, we present an effective strategy to treat HCC using magnetic hyperthermia therapy (MHT)-enhanced cancer immunotherapy combined with transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE). Uniform liquid metal microspheres (LM MSs) obtained by microfluidic technology with powerful eddy-thermal effects could be used as both MHT and TAE agents for effective cancer therapy.

Application of Computing as a High-Practicability and -Efficiency Auxiliary Tool in Nanodrugs Discovery.

Research and development (R&D) of nanodrugs is a long, complex and uncertain process. Since the 1960s, computing has been used as an auxiliary tool in the field of drug discovery. Many cases have proven the practicability and efficiency of computing in drug discovery.

Oxygen-Deficient Molybdenum Oxide Nanosensitizers for Ultrasound-Enhanced Cancer Metalloimmunotherapy.

Oxygen-deficient molybdenum oxide (MoO ) nanomaterials are prepared as novel nanosensitizers and TME-stimulants for ultrasound (US)-enhanced cancer metalloimmunotherapy. After PEGylation, MoO -PEG exhibits efficient capability for US-triggered reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and glutathione (GSH) depletion. Under US irradiation, MoO -PEG generates a massive amount of ROS to induce cancer cell damage and immunogenic cell death (ICD), which can effectively suppress tumor growth.

Oxygen-Deficient Tungsten Oxide (WO) Nanobelts with pH-Sensitive Degradation for Enhanced Sonodynamic Therapy of Cancer.

The further bioapplications of sonodynamic therapy (SDT) were hindered by the inadequate efficiency and poor degradability of sonosensitizers and the hypoxic tumor microenvironment (TME). Therefore, it is ideal to develop pH-sensitive sonosensitizers that generate abundant reactive oxygen species (ROS) and rapidly degrade in a neutral environment while slowly degrading in an acidic environment to reduce their long-term toxicity. Herein, the defective tungsten oxide nanobelts (WO NBs) were developed as a type of pH-sensitive and biodegradable sonosensitizers with a high SDT efficiency and low toxicity for enhanced SDT.

Titanium Sulfide Nanosheets Serve as Cascade Bioreactors for H S-Mediated Programmed Gas-Sonodynamic Cancer Therapy.

Gas-mediated sonodynamic therapy (SDT) has the potential to become an effective strategy to improve the therapeutic outcome and survival rate of cancer patients. Herein, titanium sulfide nanosheets (TiS NSs) are prepared as cascade bioreactors for sequential gas-sonodynamic cancer therapy. TiS NSs themselves as hydrogen sulfide (H S) donors can burst release H S gas.

Titanium carbide nanosheets with defect structure for photothermal-enhanced sonodynamic therapy.

Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) has attracted widespread interest in biomedicine, owing to its novel and noninvasive therapeutic method triggered by ultrasound (US). Herein, the TiC MXene nanosheets (TiC NSs) are developed as good sonosensitizers via a two-step method of chemical exfoliation and high-temperature treatment. With the high-temperature treatment, the oxygen defect of TiC MXene nanosheets (H-TiC NSs) is greatly increased.

A general in-situ reduction method to prepare core-shell liquid-metal / metal nanoparticles for photothermally enhanced catalytic cancer therapy.

Gallium indium (GaIn) alloy as a kind of liquid metal (LM) with unique chemical and physical properties has attracted increasing attention for its potential biomedical applications. Herein, a series of core-shell GaIn@Metal (Metal: Pt, Au, Ag, and Cu) heterogeneous nanoparticles (NPs) are obtained by a simple in-situ reduction method. Take core-shell GaIn@Pt NPs for example, the synthesized GaIn@Pt NPs after Pt growth on their surface showed significantly improved photothermal conversion efficiency (PCE) and thermal stability under near-infrared (NIR) II light irradiation.

Comparative genomics reveals insights into cyanobacterial evolution and habitat adaptation.

Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic prokaryotes that inhabit diverse aquatic and terrestrial environments. However, the evolutionary mechanisms involved in the cyanobacterial habitat adaptation remain poorly understood. Here, based on phylogenetic and comparative genomic analyses of 650 cyanobacterial genomes, we investigated the genetic basis of cyanobacterial habitat adaptation (marine, freshwater, and terrestrial).

Simultaneous silencing of two target genes using virus-induced gene silencing technology in Nicotiana benthamiana.

Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) is an effective strategy for rapid gene function analysis. It is well established that the NAC transcription factor and salicylic acid (SA) signal pathway play essential roles in response to biotic stresses. However, simultaneous silencing of two target genes using VIGS in plants has been rarely reported.

The Plant Ribosome-Inactivating Proteins Play Important Roles in Defense against Pathogens and Insect Pest Attacks.

Ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs) are toxic -glycosidases that depurinate eukaryotic and prokaryotic rRNAs, thereby arresting protein synthesis during translation. RIPs are widely found in various plant species and within different tissues. It is demonstrated and in transgenic plants that RIPs have been connected to defense by antifungal, antibacterial, antiviral, and insecticidal activities.