Mechanistic studies on the effect of berberine on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus drug resistance through modulation of wall teichoteic acid.

The emergence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) as a major public health concern, particularly in hospital- and community-acquired infections, underscores the urgent need for novel antibiotic therapies. In response to this challenge, there has been renewed interest in exploring natural products derived from traditional plant sources as potential alternatives for combating multi-drug resistance. This study reveals the important mechanism by which the natural compound berberine blocks the WTA biosynthesis pathway by targeting and inhibiting the key enzymes TarO, TarS, and TarM for the synthesis of muramic acid (WTA) in MRSA.

HPMCAS-solidified supersaturated baicalin self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems: development and anti-colitis evaluation.

This study developed a hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS)-functionalized supersaturated self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (HPMCAS-SNEDDS@BA) to address the poor solubility and bioavailability of baicalin (BA), a flavonoid with anti-colitis efficacy. The formulation was systematically optimized through solubility screening, emulsification efficiency evaluation, and pseudo-ternary phase diagram analysis. Central composite design-response surface methodology (CCD-RSM) was employed to identify the optimal SNEDDS@BA composition, followed by HPMCAS ratio optimization based on supersaturation maintenance in biorelevant media.

Preparation and evaluation of gastrodin-ferulic acid co-loaded liposome gel patches for the treatment of migraine.

Objective: Gastrodin (GA) and ferulic acid (FA) are the main active ingredients of the traditional Chinese medicine Da Chuan Xiong formula for migraine treatment. This study aimed to develop a gastrodin-ferulic acid co-loaded liposomal gel patch (GA/FA-Lip-GelP) as a transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS) for migraine management.

Significance: TDDS overcomes the limitations of first-pass metabolism associated with oral administration and is particularly suitable for migraine patients experiencing nausea and vomiting.

Corrigendum: The value of targeted CXCR4 F-AlF-NOTA-pentixafor PET/CT for subtyping primary aldosteronism.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2025.

The value of targeted CXCR4 F-AlF-NOTA-pentixafor PET/CT for subtyping primary aldosteronism.

Objective: The study aimed to investigate the diagnostic value of F-AlF-NOTA-Pentixafor PET/CT in subtyping primary aldosteronism (PA).

Methods: This study enrolled 88 patients with PA or nonfunctional adenoma (NFA) for F-Pentixafor PET/CT scan. Of these, 20 patients underwent adrenal venous sampling (AVS), and 65 underwent adrenalectomy and postoperative follow-up.

Berberine inhibits the tarO gene to impact MRSA cell wall synthesis.

Hospital and community-acquired infections caused by Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) have emerged as a significant public health challenge, highlighting the urgent need for novel antibiotics. In response, the antibacterial properties of natural products derived from traditional plants are being investigated as potential treatments for multidrug resistance. This study demonstrates the potent antibacterialimoact of Berberine (BBR), a compound derived from traditional Chinese medicine, against the community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA) strain USA300 LAC.

AKR1D1 suppresses liver cancer progression by promoting bile acid metabolism-mediated NK cell cytotoxicity.

Bile acid metabolism and antitumor immunity are both disrupted during liver cancer progression. However, the complex regulatory relationship between them remains largely unclear. Here, we find that loss of aldo-keto reductase 1D1 (AKR1D1) promotes the accumulation of isolithocholic acid (iso-LCA) through gut microbiome dysregulation, thereby impairing the cytotoxic function of natural killer (NK) cells and leading to the accelerated development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Formulation and optimization of glycyrrhetinic acid-modified pH-sensitive curcumin liposomes for anti-hepatocellular carcinoma.

In order to enhance the therapeutic value of curcumin in liver cancer treatment, glycyrrhetinic acid-modified pH-sensitive curcumin liposomes (GA-pH-Lip@Cur) was developed.GA-pH-Lip@Cur was prepared using a thin film dispersion ultrasonication method, and the optimal formulation process was selected through single-factor experiments and a Box-Behnken design-response surface methodology. The liposomes were evaluated for their morphological appearance, particle size, release at different pH levels, and biocompatibility.

ENO1-BACE2-mediated LDLR cleavage promotes liver cancer progression by remodelling cholesterol metabolism.

Enolase 1 (ENO1) is a glycolytic enzyme involved in tumour progression that performs a variety of classical and nonclassical functions. However, the mechanism by which it promotes tumour progression is still not fully understood. Here, we found that ENO1 can bind to β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 2 (BACE2), a codependent gene of ENO1, in liver cancer cells.

Advancements in MRSA treatment: the role of berberine in enhancing antibiotic therapy.

Background: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a significant public health problem. This study investigated the antimicrobial properties and mechanisms of berberine (BBR), a plant alkaloid, against MRSA, evaluating its potential to enhance antibiotic therapy.

Results: Berberine only demonstrated variable but significant inhibitory effects on 50 clinical MRSA strains.

Targeting OXCT1-mediated ketone metabolism reprograms macrophages to promote antitumor immunity via CD8 T cells in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Background & Aims: The liver is the main organ of ketogenesis, while ketones are mainly metabolized in peripheral tissues via the critical enzyme 3-oxoacid CoA-transferase 1 (OXCT1). We previously found that ketolysis is reactivated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells through OXCT1 expression to promote tumor progression; however, whether OXCT1 regulates antitumor immunity remains unclear.

Methods: To investigate the expression pattern of OXCT1 in HCC in vivo, we conducted multiplex immunohistochemistry experiments on human HCC specimens.

The association between ferroptosis-related patterns and tumor microenvironment in colorectal cancer.

Ferroptosis, a form of regulated cell death (RCD), exhibits distinct characteristics such as iron-dependence and lipid peroxidation accumulation (ROS), setting it apart from other types of cell death like apoptosis and necrosis. Its role in cancer biology is increasingly recognized, particularly its potential interaction with tumor microenvironment (TME) and CD8 T cells in cancer immunotherapy. However, the impact of ferroptosis on TME cell infiltration remains unclear.

Neutral ceramidase regulates breast cancer progression by metabolic programming of TREM2-associated macrophages.

The tumor microenvironment is reprogrammed by cancer cells and participates in all stages of tumor progression. Neutral ceramidase is a key regulator of ceramide, the central intermediate in sphingolipid metabolism. The contribution of neutral ceramidase to the reprogramming of the tumor microenvironment is not well understood.

Itaconate promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression by epigenetic induction of CD8 T-cell exhaustion.

Itaconate is a well-known immunomodulatory metabolite; however, its role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear. Here, we find that macrophage-derived itaconate promotes HCC by epigenetic induction of Eomesodermin (EOMES)-mediated CD8 T-cell exhaustion. Our results show that the knockout of immune-responsive gene 1 (IRG1), responsible for itaconate production, suppresses HCC progression.

ENO1 promotes liver carcinogenesis through YAP1-dependent arachidonic acid metabolism.

Enolase 1 (ENO1) is a glycolytic enzyme that plays essential roles in various pathological activities including cancer development. However, the mechanisms underlying ENO1-contributed tumorigenesis are not well explained. Here, we uncover that ENO1, as an RNA-binding protein, binds to the cytosine-uracil-guanine-rich elements of YAP1 messenger RNA to promote its translation.

Alteration of intestinal microbiota is associated with diabetic retinopathy and its severity: Samples collected from southeast coast Chinese.

Background: Current approaches for the therapy of diabetic retinopathy (DR), which was one of leading causes of visual impairment, have their limitations. Animal experiments revealed that restructuring of intestinal microbiota can prevent retinopathy.

Aim: To explore the relationship between intestinal microbiota and DR among patients in the southeast coast of China, and provide clues for novel ways to prevention and treatment methods of DR.

Methionine restriction promotes cGAS activation and chromatin untethering through demethylation to enhance antitumor immunity.

Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) is the major sensor for cytosolic DNA and activates type I interferon signaling and plays an essential role in antitumor immunity. However, it remains unclear whether the cGAS-mediated antitumor activity is affected by nutrient status. Here, our study reports that methionine deprivation enhances cGAS activity by blocking its methylation, which is catalyzed by methyltransferase SUV39H1.

Experimental Full Network Nonlocality with Independent Sources and Strict Locality Constraints.

Nonlocality arising in networks composed of several independent sources gives rise to phenomena radically different from that in standard Bell scenarios. Over the years, the phenomenon of network nonlocality in the entanglement-swapping scenario has been well investigated and demonstrated. However, it is known that violations of the so-called bilocality inequality used in previous experimental demonstrations cannot be used to certify the nonclassicality of their sources.

Experimental Refutation of Real-Valued Quantum Mechanics under Strict Locality Conditions.

Quantum mechanics is commonly formulated in a complex, rather than real, Hilbert space. However, whether quantum theory really needs the participation of complex numbers has been debated ever since its birth. Recently, a Bell-like test in an entanglement-swapping scenario has been proposed to distinguish standard quantum mechanics from its real-valued analog.

Experimental Demonstration of Genuine Tripartite Nonlocality under Strict Locality Conditions.

Nonlocality captures one of the counterintuitive features of nature that defies classical intuition. Recent investigations reveal that our physical world's nonlocality is at least tripartite; i.e.

Closing the Locality and Detection Loopholes in Multiparticle Entanglement Self-Testing.

First proposed by Mayers and Yao, self-testing provides a certification method to infer the underlying physics of quantum experiments in a black-box scenario. Numerous demonstrations have been reported to self-test various types of entangled states. However, all the multiparticle self-testing experiments reported so far suffer from both detection and locality loopholes.

Mitochondrion-Localized SND1 Promotes Mitophagy and Liver Cancer Progression Through PGAM5.

Staphylococcal nuclease domain-containing protein 1 (SND1) is an evolutionarily conserved multifunctional protein that functions mainly in the nucleus and cytoplasm. However, whether SND1 regulates cellular activity through mitochondrial-related functions remains unclear. Herein, we demonstrate that SND1 is localized to mitochondria to promote phosphoglycerate mutase 5 (PGAM5)-mediated mitophagy.

A Cross-Sectional Study of Atherosclerosis in Newly Diagnosed Patients with Ketosis-Prone Type 2 Diabetes.

Purpose: To investigate the prevalence, clinical and metabolic characteristics of atherosclerosis (AS) in newly diagnosed patients with ketosis-prone type 2 diabetes (KPT2D) or non-ketotic type 2 diabetes (NKPT2D).

Patients And Methods: About 1072 subjects with non-autoimmune new-onset diabetes were included in the cross-sectional study. Patients were classified as non-ketotic type 2 diabetes (NKPT2D, n = 662) or ketosis-prone type 2 diabetes (KPT2D, n = 410).

Neutral ceramidase-dependent regulation of macrophage metabolism directs intestinal immune homeostasis and controls enteric infection.

It is not clear how the complex interactions between diet and intestinal immune cells protect the gut from infection. Neutral ceramidase (NcDase) plays a critical role in digesting dietary sphingolipids. We find that NcDase is an essential factor that controls intestinal immune cell dynamics.

ENO1 suppresses cancer cell ferroptosis by degrading the mRNA of iron regulatory protein 1.

α-Enolase 1 (ENO1) is a critical glycolytic enzyme whose aberrant expression drives the pathogenesis of various cancers. ENO1 has been indicated as having additional roles beyond its conventional metabolic activity, but the underlying mechanisms and biological consequences remain elusive. Here, we show that ENO1 suppresses iron regulatory protein 1 (IRP1) expression to regulate iron homeostasis and survival of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells.