Prevalence and Risk Factors of Open-Angle Glaucoma in an Adult Chinese American Population: The Chinese American Eye Study.

Purpose: To estimate the prevalence of and identify risk factors associated with open-angle glaucoma (OAG) among adult Chinese Americans.

Design: Population-based, cross-sectional study.

Participants: A total of 4582 Chinese Americans aged 50 years and older residing in Monterey Park, California.

Regional and Layer Specific Retinal Capillary Red Blood Cell Velocimetry in Healthy Human Subjects.

Purpose: To investigate retinal capillary and choriocapillaris red blood cell (RBC) velocity using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA)-based velocimetry in healthy human subjects.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional, observational study using a 1050-nm swept-source OCTA instrument with a new M-B scan protocol to obtain 2 × 2-mm2 volumes in the central, nasal, and temporal macula regions. An eigendecomposition-based analysis estimated the average mean frequency (MF) of moving particles in the radial peripapillary capillaries (RPCs), superficial retinal layer (SRL), deep retinal layer (DRL), and choriocapillaris (CC) in each region.

Burden and Predictors of Undetected Eye Disease in Adult African Americans: African American Eye Disease Study (AFEDS).

Purpose: To estimate the burden of and to evaluate the predictors associated with Undetected Eye Disease (UED) in African American adults.

Design: Population-based cross-sectional study.

Participants: Self-identified African American participants 40 years and older (n = 6347) from thirty contiguous census tracts in Inglewood, California.

Interocular Asymmetry of OCT Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Values in a Normative Population: The Framingham Heart Study.

Purpose: To explore interocular asymmetry in retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness using optical coherence tomography (OCT), assess factors that predict this asymmetry, and quantify the 95% central range for OCT-defined average cup-disc ratio (CDR).

Methods: Participants from the Framingham Heart Study were included. Interocular differences in OCT parameters were calculated by subtracting left eye values from the right eye.

The Association between Tea Consumption and Bladder Cancer Risk Based on the Bladder Cancer Epidemiology and Nutritional Determinants (BLEND) International Consortium.

Objectives: Evidence regarding the association between tea consumption and bladder cancer (BC) risk is inconsistent. This study aimed to increase our knowledge of the association by using international data from the Bladder Cancer Epidemiology and Nutritional Determinants Consortium.

Methods: Individual data on 2,347 cases and 6,871 controls from 15 case-control studies with information on black, green, herbal, or general tea was pooled.

OCT Angiography-Derived Retinal Capillary Perfusion Measures in the Framingham Heart Study.

Purpose: To report baseline demographic associations and novel intereye correlations of retinal perfusion in the Framingham Heart Study (FHS).

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Participants: One thousand eighteen participants were recruited.

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Primary Angle Closure Disease in an Adult Chinese American Population: The Chinese American Eye Study.

Objective: To assess the prevalence and risk factors of primary angle closure disease (PACD) among adult Chinese Americans.

Design: Cross-sectional population-based study.

Participants: Total 4582 Chinese Americans 50 years and older from 15 census tracts in Monterey Park, CA.

Retinal and Optic Nerve Lesions Correspond to Amyloid in Autosomal Dominant Alzheimer's Disease.

Autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease (ADAD) is a rare form of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in which the biology of the disease can be explored during the presymptomatic phase of the illness. The retina is an outgrowth of the central nervous system and therefore provides the opportunity for direct observation of neural tissue and its vasculature during life. Retinal thinning measured has been previously described in persons carrying ADAD mutations through fundoscopy but its pathologic correlates have not been reported.

Telemedicine in Eye Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Review of Patient & Physician Perspectives.

Purpose: There has been an increase in the adoption of telemedicine during the COVID-19 pandemic. This review used systematic search and review criteria to assess the literature on patient and physician perspectives toward telemedicine for vision care during the pandemic.

Methods: We conducted a comprehensive search on PubMed, Embase, and Scopus using relevant MeSH terms to identify peer-reviewed studies examining telemedicine use in eye care during the pandemic.

Age-related decline in blood-brain barrier function is more pronounced in males than females in parietal and temporal regions.

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) plays a pivotal role in protecting the central nervous system (CNS), and shielding it from potential harmful entities. A natural decline of BBB function with aging has been reported in both animal and human studies, which may contribute to cognitive decline and neurodegenerative disorders. Limited data also suggest that being female may be associated with protective effects on BBB function.

FAM20C Promotes Papillary Thyroid Cancer Proliferation and Metastasis via Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition.

Thyroid cancer (TC) is the prevailing malignancy that impacts the endocrine system, accounting for 1% of all recently diagnosed malignancies in humans. The incidence of TC has been continuously increasing, which can be attributed to advancements in clinical diagnostic technology. However, the mechanisms behind the development of TC are still not well understood.

Biological and Methodological Variability in Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer OCT: The Framingham Heart Study.

Objective: To explore participant-level biological attributes and scan-level methodological attributes associated with retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness variability in a population-based sample of elderly United States adults.

Design: Cross-sectional analysis using data from the Framingham Heart Study.

Participants: One thousand three hundred forty-seven eyes from 825 participants with ≥1 OCT scan and axial length data were included.

Fruits and vegetables intake and bladder cancer risk: a pooled analysis from 11 case-control studies in the BLadder cancer Epidemiology and Nutritional Determinants (BLEND) consortium.

Purpose: High consumption of fruits and vegetables decrease the risk of bladder cancer (BC). The evidence of specific fruits and vegetables and the BC risk is still limited.

Methods: Fruit and vegetable consumptions in relation to BC risk was examined by pooling individual participant data from case-control studies.

Inner retinal oxygen delivery and metabolism in progressive stages of diabetic retinopathy.

Previous studies have reported increased retinal venous oxygen saturation and decreased retinal blood flow and oxygen metabolism in non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR). The current study aimed to determine alterations in both inner retinal oxygen delivery (DO) and metabolism (MO) in proliferative DR (PDR) as well as at stages of NPDR. A total of 123 subjects participated in the study and were categorized into five groups: non-diabetic control (N = 32), diabetic with no diabetic retinopathy (NDR, N = 34), mild NPDR (N = 31), moderate to severe NPDR (N = 17), or PDR (N = 9).

Age-Related Decline in Blood-Brain Barrier Function is More Pronounced in Males than Females in Parietal and Temporal Regions.

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) plays a pivotal role in protecting the central nervous system (CNS), shielding it from potential harmful entities. A natural decline of BBB function with aging has been reported in both animal and human studies, which may contribute to cognitive decline and neurodegenerative disorders. Limited data also suggest that being female may be associated with protective effects on BBB function.

Prevalence of Comprehensive Eye Examination in Preschool Children With Eye Conditions.

Introduction: The purpose of this study is to assess the prevalence of comprehensive eye examinations in multiethnic preschool children, including children with visually significant eye conditions, and identify factors associated with comprehensive eye examinations.

Methods: A sample of 9,197 African American, Hispanic, Asian American, and non-Hispanic White children aged 6-72 months was recruited for the Multi-Ethnic Pediatric Eye Disease Study from 2003 to 2011. Logistic regression performed in 2022 identified independent factors associated with parent-reported history of comprehensive eye examinations.

Kaempferol exerts antioxidant effects in age-related diminished ovarian reserve by regulating the HSP90/NRF2 pathway.

Kaempferol is the active ingredient of Er-Xian decoction (EXD), a traditional Chinese medicine formula used clinically to treat ovarian dysfunction, but the mechanism of kaempferol relieving age-related diminished ovarian reserve (AR-DOR) is still unclear. In this study, 36 volunteers and 78 DOR patients (37 patients with EXD treatment) were enrolled in the clinical research. Meanwhile, 32-week-old female mice were used to establish the AR-DOR model, and these model mice were intragastrically administered with 100 mg/kg kaempferol in the presence or absence of 200 mg/kg geranylgeranylacetone (GGA) or 1 mg/kg geldanamycin (GDA).

Retinal perfusion is linked to cognition and brain MRI biomarkers in Black Americans.

Introduction: We investigated whether retinal capillary perfusion is a biomarker of cerebral small vessel disease and impaired cognition among Black Americans, an understudied group at higher risk for dementia.

Methods: We enrolled 96 Black Americans without known cognitive impairment. Four retinal perfusion measures were derived using optical coherence tomography angiography.

Classification of Angle Closure Severity by Hierarchical Cluster Analysis of Ocular Biometrics in the Dark and Light.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the classification of angle closure eyes based on hierarchical cluster analysis of ocular biometrics measured in the dark and light using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT).

Methods: Participants of the Chinese American Eye Study received complete eye examinations to identify primary angle closure suspects (PACS) and primary angle closure without/with glaucoma (PAC/G). AS-OCT was performed in the dark and light.

Downregulated lncRNA HOTAIR ameliorates polycystic ovaries syndrome via IGF-1 mediated PI3K/Akt pathway.

Objective: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a common disorder that leads to infertility in reproductive-aged females. HOTAIR is highly expressed in various gynecological diseases and is associated with a poor prognosis. We aimed to explore the role of HOTAIR in PCOS.

Retinotopic degeneration of the retina and optic tracts in autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease.

Introduction: We investigated the correlation between retinal thickness and optic tract integrity in subjects with autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease (ADAD) causing mutations.

Methods: Retinal thicknesses and diffusion tensor images (DTI) were obtained using optical coherence tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, respectively. The association between retinal thickness and DTI measures was adjusted for age, sex, retinotopy, and correlation between eyes.

Refractive Error and Anterior Chamber Depth as Risk Factors in Primary Angle Closure Disease: The Chinese American Eye Study.

Prcis: The risk of primary angle closure disease (PACD) rises rapidly with greater hyperopia while remaining relatively low for all degrees of myopia. Refractive error (RE) is useful for angle closure risk stratification in the absence of biometric data.

Purpose: To assess the role of RE and anterior chamber depth (ACD) as risk factors in PACD.

OCTA Derived Vessel Skeleton Density Versus Flux and Their Associations With Systemic Determinants of Health.

Purpose: To examine the associations of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA)-derived retinal capillary flux with systemic determinants of health.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional study of subjects recruited from the African American Eye Disease Study. A commercially available swept-source (SS)-OCTA device was used to image the central 3 × 3 mm macular region.