Comparison of Foundation and Supervised Learning-Based Models for Detection of Referable Glaucoma from Fundus Photographs.

Purpose: To compare the performance of a foundation model and a supervised learning-based model for detecting referable glaucoma from fundus photographs.

Design: Evaluation of diagnostic technology.

Participants: 6,116 participants from the Los Angeles County Department of Health Services Teleretinal Screening Program.

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Open-Angle Glaucoma in an Adult Chinese American Population: The Chinese American Eye Study.

Purpose: To estimate the prevalence of and identify risk factors associated with open-angle glaucoma (OAG) among adult Chinese Americans.

Design: Population-based, cross-sectional study.

Participants: A total of 4582 Chinese Americans aged 50 years and older residing in Monterey Park, California.

Development and Evaluation of a Computable Phenotype for Normal Tension Glaucoma.

Purpose: To develop a computable phenotype for normal tension glaucoma (NTG) to enhance disease identification from electronic health records (EHRs).

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Subjects: Deidentified EHR data from an academic medical center identified 1851 patients aged ≥40 years, with glaucoma and available clinical notes.

Longitudinal Trends in Resource Utilization Associated with Newly Diagnosed Primary Angle Closure Glaucoma in the United States.

Prcis: Average cumulative two-year cost following first primary angle closure glaucoma diagnosis was $2,960. Elderly and Black patients were at higher risk of being among the costliest 5% (>$9,813) of cases, accounting for 21.3% of costs.

Utility of optometrist referrals for glaucoma evaluation in a young adult population.

Clinical Relevance: Few studies have examined the utility of glaucoma referrals among young adults aged 18-40 years, as glaucoma is primarily a disease of the elderly. There are sparse data about prevalence of myopia, which may confound glaucoma diagnosis in this population.

Background: To examine the prevalence and characteristics of primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) patients and suspects among young adults aged 18-39 years referred by optometry for in-office evaluation by glaucoma specialists.

Short-Term Ocular Biometric Changes as Predictors of Long-Term Angle Closure Progression.

Importance: Baseline ocular biometrics of the anterior segment forecast progression from primary angle closure suspect (PACS) to primary angle closure (PAC). As ocular biometrics change with aging, it is also important to understand the progression risk associated with these longitudinal anatomical changes.

Objective: To assess 18-month ocular biometric changes as risk factors for progression from PACS to PAC between 36 and 72 months.

Comparison of Deep Learning and Clinician Performance for Detecting Referable Glaucoma from Fundus Photographs in a Safety Net Population.

Purpose: Develop and test a deep learning (DL) algorithm for detecting referable glaucoma.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Participants: A total of 6116 patients from the Los Angeles County (LAC) Department of Health Services (DHS) were included.

Gap Analysis of Standard Automated Perimetry Concept Representation in Medical Terminologies.

Prcis: In this multi-institutional effort, we identified gaps in SAP data elements within medical terminologies. We proposed new concepts to LOINC to enhance SAP data standards and big data representation and improve interoperability across health care systems.

Purpose: To identify gaps in the representation of Standard Automated Perimetry (SAP) data elements in Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes (LOINC) and the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership (OMOP) Common Data Model (CDM) and propose solutions for those gaps.

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Primary Angle Closure Disease in an Adult Chinese American Population: The Chinese American Eye Study.

Objective: To assess the prevalence and risk factors of primary angle closure disease (PACD) among adult Chinese Americans.

Design: Cross-sectional population-based study.

Participants: Total 4582 Chinese Americans 50 years and older from 15 census tracts in Monterey Park, CA.

Outcomes of Glaucoma Referrals in Adults Aged 18 to 40 Years.

Importance: While early detection of glaucoma is vital to prevent irreversible vision loss, there are sparse data on the effectiveness of glaucoma referrals and methods to establish evidence-based referral guidelines in large, diverse populations.

Objective: To assess the prevalence and risk factors for diagnosed glaucoma and loss to follow-up among adult patients aged 18 to 40 years after a new diagnosis of referable glaucoma (ie, with glaucoma or suspected glaucoma).

Design, Setting, And Participants: This retrospective cohort study included patients aged 18 to 40 years presenting to Kaiser Permanente Southern California, a large managed health care system, for first-time eye examinations between January 1, 2013, and December 31, 2018.

Implementing a Common Data Model in Ophthalmology: Mapping Structured Electronic Health Record Ophthalmic Examination Data to Standard Vocabularies.

Objective: To identify and characterize concept coverage gaps of ophthalmology examination data elements within the Cerner Millennium electronic health record (EHR) implementations by the Observational Health Data Sciences and Informatics Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership (OMOP) common data model (CDM).

Design: Analysis of data elements in EHRs.

Subjects: Not applicable.

Relationship Between Chronic Stress Measured by Allostatic Load and Age-Related Macular Degeneration in the All of Us Research Program.

Purpose: To assess the longitudinal relationship between age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and allostatic load (AL), an established framework for quantifying the physiologic effects of chronic stress through measurements of systemic biomarkers.

Design: Retrospective case-control study.

Methods: Participants of the National Institutes of Health All of Us (AoU) Research Program with complete AL biomarker data between February 1985 to May 2022 and with (cases) or without (controls) AMD were identified.

Comparing the Accuracy and Readability of Glaucoma-related Question Responses and Educational Materials by Google and ChatGPT.

Aim And Background: Patients are increasingly turning to the internet to learn more about their ocular disease. In this study, we sought (1) to compare the accuracy and readability of Google and ChatGPT responses to patients' glaucoma-related frequently asked questions (FAQs) and (2) to evaluate ChatGPT's capacity to improve glaucoma patient education materials by accurately reducing the grade level at which they are written.

Materials And Methods: We executed a Google search to identify the three most common FAQs related to 10 search terms associated with glaucoma diagnosis and treatment.

Expert-Level Detection of Referable Glaucoma from Fundus Photographs in a Safety Net Population: The AI and Teleophthalmology in Los Angeles Initiative.

Purpose: To develop and test a deep learning (DL) algorithm for detecting referable glaucoma in the Los Angeles County (LAC) Department of Health Services (DHS) teleretinal screening program.

Methods: Fundus photographs and patient-level labels of referable glaucoma (defined as cup-to-disc ratio [CDR] ≥ 0.6) provided by 21 trained optometrist graders were obtained from the LAC DHS teleretinal screening program.

Federated Learning in Glaucoma: A Comprehensive Review and Future Perspectives.

Clinical Relevance: Glaucoma is a complex eye condition with varied morphological and clinical presentations, making diagnosis and management challenging. The lack of a consensus definition for glaucoma or glaucomatous optic neuropathy further complicates the development of universal diagnostic tools. Developing robust artificial intelligence (AI) models for glaucoma screening is essential for early detection and treatment but faces significant obstacles.

Gap Analysis of Glaucoma Examination Concept Representations within Standard Systemized Nomenclature of Medicine - Clinical Terms.

Objective/purpose: Standardization of eye care data is important for clinical interoperability and research. We aimed to address gaps in the representations of glaucoma examination concepts within Systemized Nomenclature of Medicine - Clinical Terms (SNOMED-CT), the preferred terminology of the American Academy of Ophthalmology.

Design: Study of data elements.

Comparative Single Vesicle Analysis of Aqueous Humor Extracellular Vesicles before and after Radiation in Uveal Melanoma Eyes.

Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) have been shown to promote tumorigenesis, treatment resistance, and metastasis in multiple cancer types; however, sEVs in the aqueous humor (AH) of uveal melanoma (UM) patients have never previously been profiled. In this study, we used single particle analysis to characterize sEV subpopulations in the AH of UM patients by quantifying their size, concentration, and phenotypes based on cell surface markers, specifically the tetraspanin co-expression patterns of CD9, CD63, and CD81. sEVs were analyzed from paired pre- and post-treatment (brachytherapy, a form of radiation) AH samples collected from 19 UM patients.

Multicentre analysis of nucleic acid quantification using aqueous humour liquid biopsy in uveal melanoma: implications for clinical testing.

Objective: Uveal melanoma (UM) tumour biopsy is limited by size and intratumour heterogeneity. We explored the potential of aqueous humour (AH) liquid biopsy for UM by quantifying analytes in samples collected at diagnosis and after brachytherapy to look for clinical correlations with tumour features.

Design: Case-series study.

Assessment of angle closure disease in the age of artificial intelligence: A review.

Primary angle closure glaucoma is a visually debilitating disease that is under-detected worldwide. Many of the challenges in managing primary angle closure disease (PACD) are related to the lack of convenient and precise tools for clinic-based disease assessment and monitoring. Artificial intelligence (AI)- assisted tools to detect and assess PACD have proliferated in recent years with encouraging results.

Identifying, Understanding, and Addressing Disparities in Glaucoma Care in the United States.

Unlabelled: Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide, currently affecting around 80 million people. Glaucoma prevalence is rapidly rising in the United States due to an aging population. Despite recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of glaucoma, significant disparities persist in disease detection, management, and outcomes among the diverse patient populations of the United States.

Investigating the determinants of iridolenticular contact area: a novel parameter for angle closure.

Background/aims: To identify ocular determinants of iridolenticular contact area (ILCA), a recently introduced swept-source optical coherence tomography (SSOCT) derived parameter, and assess the association between ILCA and angle closure.

Methods: In this population-based cross-sectional study, right eyes of 464 subjects underwent SSOCT (SS-1000, CASIA, Tomey Corporation, Nagoya, Japan) imaging in the dark. Eight out of 128 cross-sectional images (evenly spaced 22.