Species- and sex-specific bioaccumulation, tissue-specific distribution, and maternal transfer of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in tiger frogs (Hoplobatrachus chinensis) and forest frogs (Rana chensinensis).

Amphibians are sensitive biomonitors of environmental pollutants. However, existing research on per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) between different species of amphibians is limited. In the present study, water, soil, tiger frog (Hoplobatrachus chinensis) and forest frog (Rana chensinensis) samples were collected from Qingyuan County, South China.

Constructing high-dispersed Au anchored COFs composites by in-situ self-reduction method for realizing sensitive SERS detection of letrozole.

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), an ultrasensitive molecular fingerprinting technique, requires substrates that synergistically integrate electromagnetic field amplification (via plasmonic hotspots) and analyte enrichment (through nanoscale molecular confinement). Although metal nanoparticles (NPs) generate hotspots, their practical utility is hindered by chemical instability, poor reproducibility, and weak analyte affinity. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs), with designable porosity, ultrahigh surface areas, and stability, offer a promising platform to address these limitations.

Seasonal bioaccumulation and biomagnification of typical organochlorine pesticides in the Pearl River Estuary, South China.

As a typical organochlorine pesticide, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its metabolites (dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (DDD), dichlorodiphenylmethane (DDM), dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), and bis(p-chlorophenyl)-chloroethylene (DDMU)) (collectively referred to as DDXs), have been widely detected in the Pearl River Estuary (PRE). However, seasonal variations in land runoff and the transformation of DDXs complicate their bioaccumulation characteristics in the PRE. The present study analyzed the sediment and aquatic organisms from both dry and wet seasons to investigate the seasonal characteristics of bioaccumulation of DDXs in the PRE.

Fluorescent imine-linked covalent organic framework turn off sensor for sensitive Co ions detection.

The development of innovative materials capable of detecting heavy metal ions is a crucial goal in the field of environmental remediation. However, achieving high selectivity for specific metal ions remains a challenge. This study designs a novel imine-based COF via Schiff base condensation for efficient detection of cobalt ions (Co) in environmental samples.

Multi-objective optimization of daylighting performance and solar radiation for building geometry using a hybrid evolutionary algorithm.

Optimizing solar radiation and daylighting performance is a fundamental concern in architectural design, as these factors are directly linked to enhancing building energy efficiency and environmental comfort. This study seeks to balance solar radiation and daylighting performance through architectural geometry optimization, includes building's length, width, height, orientation, and mass distribution. Parametric modeling based on the additive and subtractive design generation algorithms included in EvoMass on the Grasshopper platform, with the goal of minimizing the solar radiation variation between summer and winter on building envelopes and maximizing useful daylight illuminance (UDI).

Effects of hibernation on the bioaccumulation and tissue distribution of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in frogs (Rana tigrina cantor) via skin exposure.

We investigated the bioaccumulation, tissue distribution, maternal transfer and effects of hibernation of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in frogs via skin exposure. Relationships between toxicokinetic parameters, such as assimilation efficiencies and depuration rate constants of PFASs, and carbon chain length were revealed, indicating a high bioaccumulation potential for PFASs with longer carbon chains. Eggs were the main site for the deposition of perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acids (PFSAs) and C9 - C16 perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs), whereas the carcass was the primary organ for C4 - C8 PFCAs.

Nanostructure-enhanced Raman spectroscopy for sensitive and on-site monitoring of anabolic-androgenic steroids in food and drug products.

The misuse of Anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) severely violates the principle of fair competition in sports and jeopardizes the physical and mental health of athlete. In this study, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) was employed for the rapid detection of illicitly added AAS. Ag nanoflowers (Ag NFs) were used as substrates, and the addition of potassium iodide as a coagulant further enhanced the Raman signals.

Uniform 3D SERS substrate SiO@AuAg collaborate with target-mediated DNA network structure as a signal amplifier for ultrasensitive detection of miRNA-21.

The uniformity of the SERS substrate significantly affects the signal reproducibility and sensitivity of the sensor. Therefore, optimizing uniformity of the substrate is crucial for enhancing the overall performance of SERS sensors. Herein, a uniform SERS substrate SiO@AuAg, combined with a target-mediated DNA network structure as a signal amplifier, was developed to construct a three-dimensional (3D) SERS sensor for the ultrasensitive detection of miRNA-21.

Gold nanostars-driven SERS biosensors for fingerprinting detection and quantitative profiling of anabolic steroids.

Anabolic agents, synthetic derivatives of androgenic hormones, promote protein synthesis while inhibiting degradation, thereby enhancing muscle mass and strength. These properties drive their illicit use as performance-enhancing drugs in sports, despite severe health risks including dependency and life-threatening pathologies. Consequently, the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) prohibits their use.

A SERS aptasensor based on Au@Ag bimetallic nanostars-magnetic covalent organic composites for rHuEPO-α detection.

Background: The misuse of recombinant human erythropoietin-alpha (rHuEPO-α) for performance enhancement in sports has been a persistent issue. The World Anti-Doping Agency has emphasized the need for reliable detection methods to identify the illicit use of rHuEPO-α, thereby upholding the integrity of sports competitions. Most screening strategies rely on immunological methods for detection.

Enantioselective accumulation and trophodynamics of p-phenylenediamine antioxidants and their quinones in the mangrove ecosystem.

p-Phenylenediamines (PPDs) and their quinones (PPDQs) are contaminants of emerging concern. Nevertheless, scarce information exists on their bioaccumulation and biomagnification in food web. Moreover, chiral signatures of 6PPD and its quinone (6PPDQ) have not been studied in the field.

Comparative study on the effects of high fat diet and capsicum diet on the digestive organs of guinea pigs.

This study examined the different effects of high-fat and capsicum diets on the digestive organs of guinea pigs. Hartley guinea pigs (n = 24) were divided into the high-fat diet (HFD), capsicum diet (CD), and control (C) groups. Guinea pigs in the C, HFD, and CD groups received maintenance feed, high-fat, and capsicum diets, respectively.

Intravenous Tenecteplase before Thrombectomy in Stroke.

Background: The safety and efficacy of treatment with intravenous tenecteplase before endovascular thrombectomy in patients with acute ischemic stroke due to large-vessel occlusion remain uncertain.

Methods: In this open-label trial conducted in China, we randomly assigned patients with acute ischemic stroke due to large-vessel occlusion who had presented within 4.5 hours after onset and were eligible for thrombolysis to receive either intravenous tenecteplase followed by endovascular thrombectomy or endovascular thrombectomy alone.

Bicycled Hairpin Assembly-Mediated SERS/Colorimetric Dual-Mode Sensor for the Detection of Dexamethasone in Milk and Pork.

The presence of dexamethasone (DEX) residues and the illegal addition of DEX to food have garnered widespread public concern over recent decades. Based on the bicycled hairpin assembly (BHA) mechanism and the catalytic oxidase effect of urchin-shaped Au-Ag alloy loaded with Pt nanoparticles (Au@Ag@Pt), an accurate and ultrasensitive surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)/colorimetric dual-mode method for DEX detection is pioneered. When DEX is introduced into the sensor system, the BHA cycle begins.

Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances crossing the blood-joint barrier: Their occurrence and distribution in synovial fluid.

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) have garnered considerable research attention due to their potential adverse effects on human health. Epidemiological studies have indicated a possible association between PFASs exposure and the prevalence of osteoarthritis (OA). However, the presence of PFASs in the synovial fluid of OA patients and the distribution of PFASs across the blood-joint barrier remains unreported.

Assessing dermal exposure to organochlorine pesticides in different populations of a prototypical agricultural city in South China.

Persistent organic pollutants have been widely detected in the environment and pose a substantial threat to human health. However, few studies have directly investigated exposure to organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) through skin contact. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate dermal exposure to OCPs in different populations in a typical agricultural city in South China.

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy facilitates the detection of multiple metabolic modulators.

Metabolic regulators can improve the athletic ability of athletes by regulating body metabolism, but it is not conducive to fair competition, so it is listed as a prohibited substance. At the same time, the State General Administration of Sport ordered major event organizers to test food for food-borne stimulants. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy has been widely used because of its excellent sensitivity and strong spectral characteristics.

Insights into anaerobic biotransformation of polychlorinated biphenyls in Dehalococcoides mccartyi CG1 through kinetic and stable isotopic analysis.

Microbial degradation processes largely govern the fate of organic contaminants in the environment. Therefore, reliable evaluation of in situ biodegradation is essential for effective on-site contaminant management. Although compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA) shows significant potential for assessing in situ attenuation and evaluating chemical and biodegradation mechanisms, empirical evidence supporting its application in the microbial degradation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) is still lacking.

Rapid and Sensitive Detection of Mutations in SARS-CoV-2 by Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy.

Since the outbreak of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), the world has suffered significant losses. At present, the pneumonia disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus has not been eliminated, and SARS-CoV-2 has a high mutation rate, and its variant strains also have a high prevalence rate, which has always threatened the health of all mankind. This study aims to develop a rapid and sensitive method to complement existing SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic tools by utilizing surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) for the direct detection of the intrinsic SERS signal from the S proteins of SARS-CoV-2 and its variants (Omicron and Delta) within 5 min using a portable Raman spectrometer.

Shape-controlled asymmetric bowl-like PDA@Au substrates for sensitive SERS detection of anabolic androgenic steroids.

The widespread accumulation of androgenic steroid endocrine disruptors in water and food has garnered increasing attention due to their significant risks to ecosystems and human health. These steroids, which cannot be completely eliminated, highlight the urgent need for advanced detection technologies. In this study, we present a novel emulsion-induced interface-anisotropic assembly strategy to synthesize bowl-like mesoporous polydopamine (PDA) particles, which exhibit high sensitivity in surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) detection.

Nontarget Analysis and Characterization of a Group of Abundant Polyfluoroalkyl Substances─Fluorinated Benzoylurea Pesticides and Their Analogues and Transformation Products in Fish by LC-HRMS and Chemical Species-Specific Algorithms.

Poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are a large class of fluorinated chemicals used in various industrial and agrochemical products such as fluorinated benzoylurea (FBU) pesticides. Initiated from an incidental and preliminary finding of three high-abundance FBUs in fish, this study implemented nontarget analysis and characterization for FBUs together with their analogues and transformation products (TPs) in fish using liquid chromatography, high-resolution mass spectrometry, and chemical species-specific algorithms. A total of 23 FBU-relevant compounds were found and tentatively/accurately elucidated with structures, including 18 PFASs and 5 non-PFAS compounds, of which 4 were original FBUs, 8 were FBU analogues, and 11 were FBU-TPs.

Intra-Arterial Tenecteplase Following Endovascular Reperfusion for Large Vessel Occlusion Acute Ischemic Stroke: The POST-TNK Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: The impact of adjunctive intra-arterial tenecteplase administration following near-complete to complete reperfusion by endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) for acute ischemic stroke is unknown.

Objective: To assess the efficacy and adverse events of adjunctive intra-arterial tenecteplase in patients with large vessel occlusion stroke who had achieved near-complete to complete reperfusion (defined as a score on the expanded Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction [eTICI] scale of 2c to 3) after EVT.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Investigator-initiated, randomized, open-label, blinded outcome assessment trial implemented at 34 hospitals in China among 540 patients with stroke due to proximal intracranial large vessel occlusion within 24 hours of the time they were last known to be well, with an eTICI score of 2c to 3 after EVT, and without prior intravenous thrombolysis.

Raman spectroscopic fingerprinting for the identification and quantitative analysis of sports doping β - agonists based on gold nanopolyhedra.

Beta - stimulant, that is, β - adrenergic stimulant, also known as β - agonists, is bioactive catecholamine compounds naturally produced in animals' adrenal medulla glands that induce relaxation in asthmatic airway smooth muscles upon inhalation while also temporarily boosting athletic alertness and alleviating fatigue. However, their potential for dependency poses health risks including unnoticed exacerbation leading to severe illness or fatality prompting their inclusion on WADA's prohibited substances list. Surface - enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) offers a rapid, sensitive, and label - free means for identifying characteristic peaks associated with β - agonist compounds.

A comprehensive characterization biotransformation of chlorinated paraffin by human and carp liver microsomes via liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry and screening algorithm.

The chlorinated paraffin (CP) monomer 1,2,5,6,9,10-Hexachlorodecane (CP-4) was subjected to in vitro biotransformation using human and carp liver microsomes. Five types of CP-4 metabolites (OH-, keto-, enol-, aldehyde- and carboxy-CP-4) were identified in human liver microsomer while only mono-OH-CP-4 was found in the carp liver microsomes. Kinetic studies revealed that the formation of mono-, di-, tri-hydroxylated CP-4, keto-, enol-, and aldehyde-CP-4 in human liver microsomes was best described by substrate inhibition models, whereas the formation of carboxylated CP-4 metabolites best fit the Michaelis-Menten model.

Accumulation of lipophilic and proteinophilic halogenated organic pollutants (HOPs) in the different types of feathers of laying hens.

This study investigated the bioaccumulation of halogenated organic pollutants (HOPs) in three types of feathers from laying hens through exposure experiments. The HOPs included lipophilic polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), as well as proteinophilic perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs). Concentrations of PCBs, PBDEs, and short-chain PFCAs (≤8) were significantly higher in the body feathers than in the primary feathers, while long-chain PFCAs (>8) showed no significant differences among primary, tail, and body feathers.