Characterization, evolutionary analysis and potential functions of hexose transporter in apple, and elucidation of the role of MdHT14.1 in response to cold stress.

HEXOSE TRANSPORTERS (HTs) mediate subcellular sugar transport, critically governing sugar distribution and accumulation in plants. However, studies focusing on the evolutionary pattern and systematic analysis of apple HT family are still sparse. Here, 29 MdHT genes were identified from Malus domestica genome GDDH13 v1.

Genome-Wide Identification of Luffa Sucrose Synthase Genes Reveals -Mediated Sugar Metabolism Boosting Drought Tolerance.

Luffa () serves as an important edible, medicinal, and industrial crop. Sucrose synthase (SUS, EC 2.4.

Transient behaviors in a spectrum-tailored all-PM NALM mode-locked fiber laser.

We demonstrate an all-polarization-maintaining (PM) dispersion-managed mode-locked ytterbium-doped fiber oscillator based on a nonlinear amplifying loop mirror (NALM). Experimentally, three mode-locking regimes with distinct tailored spectra are achieved with carefully designed cavity setup and adjusted pump power. Using the dispersive Fourier transformation (DFT) technique, the real-time transition dynamics among these regimes are observed as the pump power decreases.

Expression of the polyphenol oxidase gene MdPPO7 is modulated by MdWRKY3 to regulate browning in sliced apple fruit.

Browning is a pervasive problem in horticultural products, substantially diminishing the appearance, flavor, and nutritional value of fruit, including important fruits like apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.). In this study, we compared the physiological characteristics of the browning-resistant line 'Rb-18' with the susceptible variety 'Fuji' and found that the polyphenol oxidase (PPO) enzyme activity and phenolic content of 'Rb-18' were significantly lower than those in 'Fuji'.

γ-Aminobutyric acid mediated by MdCBF3- MdGAD1 mitigates low temperature damage in apple.

Low temperatures can seriously affect apple yield and can also cause chilling injury to apple fruit. γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) plays an important role in improving plant stress resistance. Some studies have reported that GABA can improve cold resistance in plants, only through exogenous treatment; however, the molecular mechanism of its resistance to low temperature is still unknown.

Glucose uptake from the rhizosphere mediated by MdDOF3-MdHT1.2 regulates drought resistance in apple.

In plants under drought stress, sugar content in roots increases, which is important for drought resistance. However, the molecular mechanisms for controlling the sugar content in roots during response to drought remain elusive. Here, we found that the MdDOF3-MdHT1.

Spectral Failsafe System of High-Power Laser Using Dual Fiber Bragg Gratings.

Phase-modulated (PM) spectral failsafe systems are necessary to promptly terminate amplification processes following accidental seeding of a high-power laser chain with a non-PM pulse to prevent optical damage. In this work, we present a reliable spectral failsafe system that can indicate the presence or absence of sufficient PM light. This requirement is met by combining dual temperature-sensitive fiber Bragg gratings detection with high-speed RF amplitude comparisons.

Uptake of glucose from the rhizosphere, mediated by apple MdHT1.2, regulates carbohydrate allocation.

Plant roots can absorb sugars from the rhizosphere, which reduces the consumption of carbon derived from photosynthesis. However, the underlying mechanisms that roots use to control sugar absorption from soil are poorly understood. Here, we identified an apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.

Proteomics and Metabolomics Reveal the Regulatory Pathways of Ripening and Quality in Post-Harvest Kiwifruits.

Understanding the metabolic modulation of major quality traits during ripening is critical for fruit quality improvement in kiwifruits. Here, integrated proteomic and metabolomic profiling was undertaken to comprehensively examine the dynamics of kiwifruit ripening. This data set presents a global view of the critical pathways involved in fruit ripening, and the contributions of key events to the regulation of kiwifruit ripening and softening, amino acid metabolism, balance in sugar accumulation and organic acid metabolism, glycolysis, and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) pathways were discussed.

Off-axis eight-pass neodymium glass laser amplifier with high efficiency and excellent energy stability.

A new relay-imaged off-axial eight-pass laser amplifier with several joules energy and 1 Hz repetition rate was demonstrated. The extraction efficiency and pulse-to-pulse energy stability were greatly improved. Under the single-pass small-signal gain of 3.

Temporal pulse precisely sculpted millijoule-level fiber laser injection system for high-power laser driver.

A fiber laser injection system used as a seeder for a high-power laser facility of inertial confinement fusion was designed to meet stringent requirements. Herein, we demonstrate the fiber laser injection system, whose output single-pulse energy reaches the millijoule class. With two-stage amplitude modulators, the system produces a pulse with a higher pulse shaping capability.

Direct reprogramming of human fibroblasts into sweat gland-like cells.

The skin of patients with an extensive deep burn injury is repaired by a process that leaves a hypertrophic scar without sweat glands and therefore loses the function of perspiration. The aim of this study was to identify whether the key factors related to sweat gland development could directly reprogram fibroblasts into sweat gland-like cells. After introducing the NF-κB and Lef-1 genes into fibroblasts, we found that stably transfected fibroblasts expressed specific markers of sweat glands, including CEA, CK7, CK14 and CK19, both at the protein and mRNA levels.

Transdifferentiation of Fibroblasts by Defined Factors.

Cellular differentiation is usually considered to be an irreversible process during development due to robust lineage commitment. Feedback and feed-forward loops play a significant role in maintaining lineage-specific gene expression processes in various cell types, and, in turn, factors secreted by cells may regulate the homeostatic balance of these cycles during development and differentiation. The output of biological responses is controlled by such mechanisms in many regulatory pathways through gene networks involved in transcription, RNA metabolism, signal transduction, micromolecular synthesis, and degradation.

Parameter space for the collective laser coupling in the laser fusion driver based on the concept of fiber amplification network.

Collective laser coupling of the fiber array in the inertial confinement fusion (ICF) laser driver based on the concept of fiber amplification network (FAN) is researched. The feasible parameter space is given for laser coupling of the fundamental, second and third harmonic waves by neglecting the influence of the frequency conversion on the beam quality under the assumption of beam quality factor conservation. Third harmonic laser coupling is preferred due to its lower output energy requirement from a single fiber amplifier.