Thoracic duct obstruction leading to chylous mesenteric cyst in an female obese adolescent: a case report.

Introduction And Importance: Mesenteric cysts are rare intra-abdominal lesions, with a prevalence of approximately 1 in 100 000 to 1 in 250 000 adults. Clinical presentation can range from asymptomatic to severe. Chylous mesenteric cysts caused by thoracic duct obstruction are particularly rare and have not been previously reported in obese adolescents.

Energy redistribution of a chaotic injected laser for pulsed random bit generation.

Over the past few years, detection and sampling of the continuous emission waveforms have been widely investigated for random bit generations (RBGs). Here, we demonstrate pulsed RBG by manipulating the output emission waveform of a chaotic semiconductor laser. The chaotic emission waveform is first generated using an optically injected laser.

Studying the statistical properties of chaotic semiconductor lasers by machine learning.

The statistical properties associated with chaotic semiconductor lasers have been widely investigated for different applications. Traditional methods usually rely on characterizing the statistics from direct measurement of a temporal emission waveform, which is usually recorded in an electrical domain after optical-to-electrical conversion. In this work, we propose a machine learning-based methodology to study the statistical properties by measuring merely the optical spectrum of a chaotic emission output.

Triconnarins A-D: Four Secophragmalin-Type Limonoids from the Twigs and Leaves of .

Four novel secophragmalin-type limonoids, triconnarins A-D (-), have been identified from the small branches and leaves of . Triconnarin A () featured an unprecedented 5/6/4/6/6 ring skeleton, which belonged to the rare 1,10-secophragmalin classes. Triconnarin B () was the first B-ring opening secophragmalin limonoid, whereas triconnarin C () possessed a unique 5/5-6/6 ring system.

Predicting the largest Lyapunov exponent of chaotic optically injected lasers by machine learning.

We demonstrate for the first time to our knowledge successful prediction of the largest Lyapunov exponent (LLE) for chaotic semiconductor lasers using a convolutional neural network. Chaotic emission intensity waveforms are first generated using an optically injected laser. For training the machine learning model, LLEs of different chaotic intensity waveforms are first calculated based on a traditional phase-space reconstruction method.

On prediction of chaotic dynamics in semiconductor lasers by reservoir computing.

Studying the chaotic dynamics of semiconductor lasers is of great importance for their applications in random bit generation and secure communication. While considerable effort has been expended towards investigating these chaotic behaviors through numerical simulations and experiments, the accurate prediction of chaotic dynamics from limited observational data remains a challenge. Recent advancements in machine learning, particularly in reservoir computing, have shown promise in capturing and predicting the complex dynamics of semiconductor lasers.

Rogue wave generation using a chaotic semiconductor laser with energy redistribution.

We demonstrate for the first time that optical rogue waves (RWs) can be generated using a chaotic semiconductor laser with energy redistribution. Chaotic dynamics are numerically generated using the rate equation model of an optically injected laser. The chaotic emission is then sent to an energy redistribution module (ERM) that consists of a temporal phase modulation and a dispersive propagation.

Predicting the dynamical behaviors for chaotic semiconductor lasers by reservoir computing.

We demonstrate the successful prediction of the continuous intensity time series and reproduction of the underlying dynamical behaviors for a chaotic semiconductor laser by reservoir computing. The laser subject to continuous-wave optical injection is considered using the rate-equation model. A reservoir network is constructed and trained using over 2 × 10 data points sampled every 1.

Effect of long-term fertilization on wheat yield under different precipitation patterns.

Rational application of nitrogen and phosphorus is one of the main pathways to enhance wheat yield. The optimum dosage of nitrogen and phosphorus used in different precipitation patterns was studied using the binary quadratic regression equation, which could provide a basis for fertilization of wheat in Loess Plateau. The results showed that the amount of nitrogen and phosphorus ferti-lizer required for the maximum yield was dependent on precipitation patterns.

Chaotic time-delay signature suppression with bandwidth broadening by fiber propagation.

Chaotic emission of a semiconductor laser is investigated through propagation over a fiber for achieving broadening of the bandwidth and suppression of the time-delay signature (TDS). Subject to delayed optical feedback, the laser first generates chaos with a limited bandwidth and an undesirable TDS. The laser emission is then delivered over a standard single-mode fiber for experiencing self-phase modulation, together with anomalous group-velocity dispersion, which leads to the broadening of the optical bandwidth and suppression of the TDS in the intensity signal.

Frequency-modulated microwave generation with feedback stabilization using an optically injected semiconductor laser.

Generation of frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) microwave signals is investigated using the period-one (P1) dynamics of a semiconductor laser. A modulated optical injection drives the laser into P1 oscillation with a modulated microwave frequency, while adding feedback to the injection reduces the microwave phase noise. Using simply a single-mode laser, the tunability of P1 dynamics allows for wide tuning of the central frequency of the FMCW signal.

Randomness evaluation for an optically injected chaotic semiconductor laser by attractor reconstruction.

State-space reconstruction is investigated for evaluating the randomness generated by an optically injected semiconductor laser in chaos. The reconstruction of the attractor requires only the emission intensity time series, allowing both experimental and numerical evaluations with good qualitative agreement. The randomness generation is evaluated by the divergence of neighboring states, which is quantified by the time-dependent exponents (TDEs) as well as the associated entropies.

Square-wave oscillations in a semiconductor ring laser subject to counter-directional delayed mutual feedback.

Square-wave (SW) switching of the lasing direction in a semiconductor ring laser (SRL) is investigated using counter-directional mutual feedback. The SRL is electrically biased to a regime that supports lasing in either counter-clockwise (CCW) or clockwise (CW) direction. The CCW and CW modes are then counter-directionally coupled by optical feedback, where the CCW-to-CW and CW-to-CCW feedback are delayed by τ and τ, respectively.

Random bit generation at tunable rates using a chaotic semiconductor laser under distributed feedback.

A semiconductor laser with distributed feedback from a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) is investigated for random bit generation (RBG). The feedback perturbs the laser to emit chaotically with the intensity being sampled periodically. The samples are then converted into random bits by a simple postprocessing of self-differencing and selecting bits.

Modulation instability in a highly nonlinear fiber for discrete-time pulsed random bit generation.

A simple yet high-speed scheme by utilizing modulation instability (MI) on the discrete-time generation of random bits is proposed and demonstrated experimentally. We develop MI pulses by pumping a highly nonlinear fiber in the anomalous dispersion regime using a mode-locked laser. MI pulses contain fluctuating pulse-to-pulse variations of peak intensities for extraction into random bits.

[Detection of organophosphorus pesticide residue on the surface of apples using SERS].

Traditional pesticide residue detection methods are usually complicated, time-consuming, and destructive. Rapid, nondestructive, online real-time is the development direction of the pesticide testing. In the present paper, we use surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) technique to detect the organophosphorus pesticide residue of phorate and fenthion on apple to investigate a fast, nondestructive detection method for the pesticide of phorate and tiguron on apples.

[Diagnosis of Down's syndrome using short tandem repeat loci D21S11, D21S1440 and Penta D].

Objective: To investigate the feasibility of genetic diagnosis of Down's syndrome (DS) using short tandem repeat (STR), and to develop a rapid and accurate method for diagnosing DS.

Methods: Quantitative fluorescence polymerase chain reaction (QF-PCR) was used to amplify STR loci D21S11, D21S1440 and Penta D of 719 samples. Three hundred and eighty-nine samples were peripheral blood, 282 were amniotic fluid, 48 were chorionic villous samples.

Random bit generation using an optically injected semiconductor laser in chaos with oversampling.

Random bit generation is experimentally demonstrated using a semiconductor laser driven into chaos by optical injection. The laser is not subject to any feedback so that the chaotic waveform possesses very little autocorrelation. Random bit generation is achieved at a sampling rate of 10 GHz even when only a fractional bandwidth of 1.

[Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) of saliva for the diagnosis of lung cancer].

Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has shown the advantage of detecting low concentration biofluids presently. Saliva SERS of 21 lung cancer patients and 22 normal people were measured and differentiated in the present paper. Intensities of most peaks of lung cancer patients are weaker than that of normal people, while some stronger but with a small change rate.

Area disease estimation based on sentinel hospital records.

Background: Population health attributes (such as disease incidence and prevalence) are often estimated using sentinel hospital records, which are subject to multiple sources of uncertainty. When applied to these health attributes, commonly used biased estimation techniques can lead to false conclusions and ineffective disease intervention and control. Although some estimators can account for measurement error (in the form of white noise, usually after de-trending), most mainstream health statistics techniques cannot generate unbiased and minimum error variance estimates when the available data are biased.

A spatial scan statistic for nonisotropic two-level risk cluster.

Spatial scan statistic methods are commonly used for geographical disease surveillance and cluster detection. The standard spatial scan statistic does not model any variability in the underlying risks of subregions belonging to a detected cluster. For a multilevel risk cluster, the isotonic spatial scan statistic could model a centralized high-risk kernel in the cluster.

A spatial scan statistic for multiple clusters.

Spatial scan statistics are commonly used for geographical disease surveillance and cluster detection. While there are multiple clusters coexisting in the study area, they become difficult to detect because of clusters' shadowing effect to each other. The recently proposed sequential method showed its better power for detecting the second weaker cluster, but did not improve the ability of detecting the first stronger cluster which is more important than the second one.

Hand, foot and mouth disease: spatiotemporal transmission and climate.

Background: The Hand-Foot-Mouth Disease (HFMD) is the most common infectious disease in China, its total incidence being around 500,000~1,000,000 cases per year. The composite space-time disease variation is the result of underlining attribute mechanisms that could provide clues about the physiologic and demographic determinants of disease transmission and also guide the appropriate allocation of medical resources to control the disease.

Methods And Findings: HFMD cases were aggregated into 1456 counties and during a period of 11 months.

5-Bromo-1-methyl-indolin-2-one.

The title mol-ecule, C(9)H(8)BrNO, approximates a full planar conformation. The inter-planar angle between the benzene and five-membered rings of the indoline system is 1.38 (1)°.

[Study of autofluorescence spectra of protoporphyrin IX in human serum].

The fluorescence spectra of protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) solutions and human serum samples were measured and analyzed under physiological conditions. The experimental results showed that the fluorescence of PPIX in human serum was mainly derived from PPIX-serum albumin complex. Moreover, the effects of serum albumin and PPIX on the PPIX emission fluorescence were also investigated.