Boosting the Efficiency of 1.84 eV Wide-Bandgap Perovskites Photovoltaics Beyond 19% via Yb Engineering.

Phase segregation remains one of the most critical challenges limiting the performance and long-term operational stability of wide-bandgap perovskite solar cells (PSCs). This issue is especially pronounced in 1.84 eV wide-bandgap (WBG) perovskites, where severe halide phase segregation leads to compositional heterogeneity and accelerated device degradation.

Ionic Liquid Top Surface Engineering: In Situ GIWAXS Insights Into 1D/3D Heterojunction Perovskite Formation.

Low-dimensional perovskites have been demonstrated repeatedly to improve the performance of perovskite photovoltaic devices in both light-to-electricity conversion efficiency and device durability. In this work, the ionic liquid (IL) 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate (EMIMHSO) is innovatively introduced as a capping layer, which interacts with the residual PbI on the 3D perovskite top surface to generate the 1D perovskite, EMIMPbI. By adjusting the concentration of the IL, 1D perovskite formations with distinct morphologies is achieved.

Controlling the Growth of CsPbX Nanostructures Enhances the Stability of Inorganic Cesium-Based Perovskite Solar Cells for Potential Low Earth Orbit Applications.

Incorporating low-dimensional (LD) materials in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) for interfacial engineering is an effective approach to enhance device performance. However, the growth mechanisms for inorganic LD perovskite nanostructures in cesium-based systems via solution processing are underexplored. This work demonstrates the importance of controlling solvent evaporation dynamics during solution processing to modulate CsPbX nanomorphology.

PTAA-Based Perovskite Photovoltaics Catching up: Ionic Liquid Engineering-Assisted Crystallization Through Sequential Deposition.

PTAA as a widely studied polymeric hole transporting material, has garnered significant attention due to its outstanding thermal and chemical stability. However, the performance of PTAA-based p-i-n devices is shown to lag behind counterpart utilizing oxides or SAMs. In this study, the ionic liquid, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium formate (EMIMCOOH), is innovatively introduced into the lead iodide (PbI) precursor solution, resulting in a more pronounced mesoporous PbI film with expended pore-size and denser pores.

Positive Effects of Guanidinium Salt Post-Treatment on Multi-Cation Mixed Halide Perovskite Solar Cells.

As one of the most promising photovoltaic technologies, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) exhibit high absorption coefficients, tunable bandgaps, large carrier mobilities, and versatile fabrication techniques. Nevertheless, the commercialization of the technology is hindered by poor material stability, short device lifetimes and the scalability of fabrication techniques. To address these technological drawbacks, various strategies have been explored, with one particularly promising approach involving the formation of a low-dimensional layer on the surface of the three-dimensional perovskite film.

Hexylammonium Acetate-Regulated Buried Interface for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells.

Due to current issues of energy-level mismatch and low transport efficiency in commonly used electron transport layers (ETLs), such as TiO and SnO, finding a more effective method to passivate the ETL and perovskite interface has become an urgent matter. In this work, we integrated a new material, the ionic liquid (IL) hexylammonium acetate (HAAc), into the SnO/perovskite interface to improve performance via the improvement of perovskite quality formed by the two-step method. The IL anions fill oxygen vacancy defects in SnO, while the IL cations interact chemically with Pb within the perovskite structure, reducing defects and optimizing the morphology of the perovskite film such that the energy levels of the ETL and perovskite become better matched.

Two-Step Perovskite Solar Cells with > 25% Efficiency: Unveiling the Hidden Bottom Surface of Perovskite Layer.

While significant efforts in surface engineering have been devoted to the conversion process of lead iodide (PbI) into perovskite and top surface engineering of perovskite layer with remarkable progress, the exploration of residual PbI clusters and the hidden bottom surface on perovskite layer have been limited. In this work, a new strategy involving 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate (BMIMAc) ionic liquid (IL) additives is developed and it is found that both the cations and the anions in ILs can interact with the perovskite components, thereby regulating the crystallization process and diminishing the residue PbI clusters as well as filling vacancies. The introduction of BMIMAc ILs induces the formation of a uniform porous PbI film, facilitating better penetration of the second-step organic salt and fostering a more extensive interaction between PbI and the organic salt.

Facile Tailoring of Metal-Organic Frameworks for Förster Resonance Energy Transfer-Driven Enhancement in Perovskite Photovoltaics.

Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) has demonstrated its potential to enhance the light energy utilization ratio of perovskite solar cells by interacting with metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and perovskite layers. However, comprehensive investigations into how MOF design and synthesis impact FRET in perovskite systems are scarce. In this work, nanoscale HIAM-type Zr-MOF (HIAM-4023, HIAM-4024, and HIAM-4025) is meticulously tailored to evaluate FRET's existence and its influence on the perovskite photoactive layer.

Long-chain organic molecules enable mixed dimensional perovskite photovoltaics: a brief view.

The remarkable optoelectronic properties of organometal halide perovskite solar cells have captivated significant attention in the energy sector. Nevertheless, the instability of 3D perovskites, despite their extensive study and attainment of high-power conversion efficiency, remains a substantial obstacle in advancing PSCs for practical applications and eventual commercialization. To tackle this issue, researchers have devised mixed-dimensional perovskite structures combining 1D and 3D components.

Thiol-Functionalized Conjugated Metal-Organic Frameworks for Stable and Efficient Perovskite Photovoltaics.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been investigated recently in perovskite photovoltaics owing to their potential to boost optoelectronic performance and device stability. However, the impact of variations in the MOF side chain on perovskite characteristics and the mechanism of MOF/perovskite film formation remains unclear. In this study, three nanoscale thiol-functionalized UiO-66-type Zr-based MOFs (UiO-66-(SH) , UiO-66-MSA, and UiO-66-DMSA) are systematically employed and examined in perovskite solar cells (PSCs).

Revealing Size-Dependency of Ionic Liquid to Assist Perovskite Film Formation Mechanism for Efficient and Durable Perovskite Solar Cells.

Ionic liquids (ILs) are extensively utilized for the manipulation of crystallization kinetics of perovskite, morphology optimization, and defect passivation for the fabrication of highly efficient and stable devices. However, comparing ILs with different chemical structures and selecting the appropriate ILs from the many types available to enhance perovskite device performance remains a challenge. In this study, a range of ILs containing different sizes of anions are introduced as additives for assisting in film formation in perovskite photovoltaics.

Dimethylammonium Cation-Induced 1D/3D Heterostructure for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells.

Mixed-dimensional perovskite engineering has been demonstrated as a simple and useful approach to achieving highly efficient and more-durable perovskite solar cells (PSCs), which have attracted increasing research interests worldwide. In this work, 1D/3D mixed-dimensional perovskite has been successfully obtained by introducing DMAI via a two-step deposition method. The additive DMA can facilitate the crystalline growth and form 1D DMAPbI at grain boundaries of 3D perovskite, leading to improved morphology, longer charge carrier lifetime, and remarkably reduced bulk trap density for perovskite films.

Purification and Characterization of a Dark Red Skin Related Dimeric Polyphenol Oxidase from Huaniu Apples.

The distinct dark-red skin of Huaniu apples renders them attractive to customers. However, the mechanism that leads to the development of the color of the fruit is unclear. In this study, we found that compared with red Fuji (a bright-red apple cultivar), Huaniu apples had higher contents of (-)-epicatechin (EC), (-)-epigallocatechin (EGC), (-)-gallocatechin gallate (GCG), and procyanidins (PCs) B2 and C1 in the peel, which implies that the polymerization of the flavanols and PCs may be correlated with the dark-red skin of the fruit.