Smarter biopsy decisions in thyroid nodules via dual-modal photoacoustic and ultrasound imaging.

Thyroid nodules are primarily diagnosed using ultrasound imaging (USI), but its low specificity leads to unnecessary fine-needle aspiration biopsies (FNABs). In particular, USI's limited ability to differentiate follicular neoplasms from benign nodules contributes to suboptimal biopsy decision-making. We propose a dual-modal imaging approach that combines multiparametric photoacoustic imaging (PAI) and USI to support smarter biopsy decisions.

Predicting 'sagittally unstable intertrochanteric fractures' that require direct manipulation for reduction: a fracture morphology analysis.

Sagittally unstable intertrochanteric fracture (SUITF) is the posterior displacement of the shaft fragment (posterior sagging, [PS]) which causes difficulty in achieving an acceptable closed reduction in lateral view. This study aimed to validate the morphological characteristics of SUITF. Data of patients with acute intertrochanteric fractures who underwent surgery were retrospectively reviewed.

Quantitative analysis of radial torsion angle according to location with CT scan.

Purpose: Malrotation of the radius following a shaft fracture can lead to persistent pain, limited motion, and adjacent joint instability. This study aimed to evaluate radial torsion patterns by specific location.

Methods: We included 50 patients with uninjured radii on computed tomography (CT).

Integrating VYC-12L With Energy-Based Devices for Skin-Quality Improvement: Global Expert Considerations for Safe and Effective Outcomes.

Background: Energy-based devices (EBDs) and injectable hyaluronic acid gels, such as VYC-12L, are each effective treatment modalities for improving skin quality.

Objectives: To assess the rationale and potential benefits of adding VYC-12L to EBD treatments, and consider how they can be practically integrated into a single treatment plan.

Methods: Eight clinicians with various specialties and extensive experience of these modalities completed a written questionnaire and were individually interviewed.

The Role of Acoustic Parameters in Droplet Vaporization of Perfluoropentane Nanodroplets for Applications.

Nanodroplets have emerged as promising contrast agents due to their ability to undergo acoustic droplet vaporization (ADV), enabling size expansion for diverse biological applications such as selective contrast enhancement and localized drug delivery. While ADV has been widely utilized, the influence of acoustic parameters on its dynamics remains poorly understood, despite their potential to modulate ADV efficiency and uniformity, particularly with focused ultrasound (FUS). In this study, we developed a well-defined synthetic and characterization protocol for anionic perfluoropentane (PFP) nanodroplets and systematically investigated the effects of the pulse repetition frequency (PRF) and cycle number on ADV using acoustic signal detection and B-mode ultrasound imaging.

3D photoacoustic and ultrasound analysis of hypopigmented skin lesions: A pilot study.

Vitiligo needs early identification for proper intervention. Current adjunct diagnostic methods rely mostly on subjective visual inspection. Thus, identification of early or atypical vitiligo lesions among other hypopigmentation disorders may pose challenges.

Anatomical-Based Diagnosis and Filler Injection Techniques: Lips and Philtrum.

Lip augmentation has become increasingly popular in aesthetic medicine, driven by advancements in dermal filler technologies and injection techniques. This review provides a comprehensive overview of lip anatomy, age-related changes, and current best practices in lip augmentation using dermal fillers. The complex structure of the lips, including multiple layers of skin, muscle, and mucosa, contributes to their unique appearance and function.

Anatomy-Based Filler Injection: Treatment Techniques for Supraorbital Hollowness and Charming Roll.

Supraorbital hollowness and pretarsal fullness, commonly known as the sunken eyelid and charming roll, respectively, are significant anatomical features that impact the aesthetic appearance of the periorbital region. Supraorbital hollowness is characterized by a recessed appearance of the upper eyelid, often attributed to genetic factors, aging, or surgical alterations, such as excessive fat removal during blepharoplasty. This condition is particularly prevalent among East Asians due to anatomical differences, such as weaker levator muscles and unique fat distribution patterns.

An Expert Guide to Anatomy-Based Filler Injection for the Temple: Techniques and Clinical Insights.

Temporal hollowing is a common aesthetic concern addressed with filler injections using an anatomy-based approach. Understanding the complex anatomy of the temporal region, including the superficial temporal artery, temporal branch of the facial nerve, and sentinel vein, is essential for safe and effective treatment. Injection planes-subfascial, within the superficial temporal fat pad, or submuscular-are selected based on individual anatomy and desired outcomes.

Anatomical-Based Filler Injection Diagnosis to Treatment Techniques: Infraorbital Groove and Hollowness.

Infraorbital groove and hollowness are common aging-related anatomical changes in the periorbital region, leading to a sunken and tired appearance. These conditions are caused by the progressive loss of volume in the deep fat pads, including the sub-orbicularis oculi fat (SOOF) and malar fat, along with skin thinning and decreased elasticity. Filler injections, particularly hyaluronic acid-based fillers, are the preferred treatment to restore volume and smooth the under-eye area.

IKKβ inhibits cognitive memory and adult hippocampal neurogenesis by modulating the β-catenin pathway.

Aim: The IKKβ signaling pathway regulates NF-κB, influencing inflammation and cell survival in the brain. Radial glia cells are crucial for hippocampal neurogenesis and cognition. However, the role and mechanisms of IKKβ in modulating radial glia behavior and its impact on memory and neurogenesis remain unclear.

Effectiveness of Buspirone in Alleviating Anxiety Symptoms in Patients with Depressive Disorder: A Multicenter Prospective Observational Study in Korea.

Objective: We aimed to investigate the effectiveness of buspirone as an adjunctive therapy for alleviating anxiety symptoms in patients with depressive disorders who are already taking antidepressants.

Methods: This was an open-label prospective multicenter non-interventional observational study conducted over 12 weeks. We enrolled 180 patients diagnosed with depressive disorders according to DSM-5 criteria and Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA) scores ≥ 18.

Discovery of the therapeutic potential of naltriben against glutamate-induced neurotoxicity.

Glutamate-induced neuronal death is associated with neurodegeneration including cerebral ischemia. Several μ-opioid receptor antagonists exhibit a neuroprotective activity and have been considered as a potential therapeutic option for neurodegenerative disorders. For the first time, our current study unveiled the neuroprotective activity of selective δ-opioid receptor antagonists.

Do renewable energy policies exacerbate corporate information uncertainty?

This study analyzes the impact of state-level renewable energy policies and incentives on the corporate information environment in the US. It considers these renewable energy policies and incentives as exogenous measures of firm-level renewable energy exposure. The findings indicate that such policies and incentives significantly increase firms' adoption of renewable energy, confirming their suitability as proxies for external shocks.

The survival of B cells is compromised in kidney disease.

Antibody-mediated protection against pathogens is crucial to a healthy life. However, the recent SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has shown that pre-existing comorbid conditions including kidney disease account for compromised humoral immunity to infections. Individuals with kidney disease are not only susceptible to infections but also exhibit poor vaccine-induced antibody response.

Hearing modulation affects Alzheimer's disease progression linked to brain inflammation: a study in mouse models.

Background: Recent studies have identified hearing loss (HL) as a primary risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD) onset. However, the mechanisms linking HL to AD are not fully understood. This study explored the effects of drug-induced hearing loss (DIHL) on the expression of proteins associated with AD progression in mouse models.

Therapeutic Efficacy and Safety of Memantine for Children and Adults With ADHD With a Focus on Glutamate-Dopamine Regulation: A Systematic Review.

Pharmacotherapy plays a crucial role in treating attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, current medications for ADHD have limitations and potential adverse effects. Glutamate, a neurotransmitter that directly and indirectly modulates dopamine neurotransmission, is considered a new therapeutic target for ADHD.

Pharmacologic inhibition of Il6st/gp130 improves dermatological inflammation and pruritus.

Chronic dermatitis is a disease with large unmet need for pharmacological improvement. Dermatitis conditions are maintained and exacerbated by various cytokine actions in the context of inflammation. Interleukin 6 signal transducer (Il6st), also known as glycoprotein 130 (Gp130), is a key component for surface reception of a multitude of cytokines and transduction and amplification of their pro-inflammatory signals.

Therapeutic effects of a novel synthetic α-secretase.

Excessive accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) has been associated with the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Clinical studies have further proven that elimination of Aβ can be a viable therapeutic option. In the current study, we conceptualized a fusion membrane protein, referred to as synthetic α-secretase (SAS), that can cleave amyloid precursor protein (APP) and Aβ specifically at the α-site.

Development of an anti-tauopathy mucosal vaccine specifically targeting pathologic conformers.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related tauopathies are associated with pathological tau protein aggregation, which plays an important role in neurofibrillary degeneration and dementia. Targeted immunotherapy to eliminate pathological tau aggregates is known to improve cognitive deficits in AD animal models. The tau repeat domain (TauRD) plays a pivotal role in tau-microtubule interactions and is critically involved in the aggregation of hyperphosphorylated tau proteins.

Executive Summary of 2023 International Conference of the Korean Dementia Association (IC-KDA 2023): A Report From the Academic Committee of the Korean Dementia Association.

The Korean Dementia Association (KDA) has been organizing biennial international academic conferences since 2019, with the International Conference of the KDA (IC-KDA) 2023 held in Busan under the theme 'Beyond Boundaries: Advancing Global Dementia Solutions.' The conference comprised 6 scientific sessions, 3 plenary lectures, and 4 luncheon symposiums, drawing 804 participants from 35 countries. Notably, a Korea-Taiwan Joint Symposium addressed insights into Alzheimer's disease (AD).