Biologically safe restoration of heavy metal-contaminated soils through plant-microbe synergy.

Abandoned mines have created extensive idle areas contaminated with heavy metals (HMs). Conventional remediation methods are often costly, environmentally disruptive, and pose risks to human health. As a sustainable alternative, a biological approach utilizing metal-tolerant plant growth-promoting bacteria (mPGPBs) was employed to remediate HM-contaminated soils and assess their biological safety.

Neurotoxic effects of endosulfan on zebrafish (Danio rerio): Cognitive impairments, metallomic alterations, and impact of donepezil treatment.

Endosulfan is classified as a persistent organic pollutant with a ban on use globally, yet it continues to be detected in various environmental compartments. In this study, we used technical endosulfan (with a 7:3 ratio of α-endosulfan to β-endosulfan) to assess its neurotoxic effects on aquatic organisms, particularly adult zebrafish (Danio rerio). Adult zebrafish were exposed to concentrations ranging from 0 to 2.

Acute and neurological toxicities of endosulfan I, endosulfan sulfate, endosulfan diol, and endosulfan ether in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos: Developmental effects on heart and brain formation.

Endosulfan (ES) is classified as a persistent organic pollutant (POP), and its use has been banned in the agricultural sectors of most countries. It is metabolized into several compounds, among which ES sulfate is frequently detected in the environment. In this study, the acute toxicities of α-ES, ES sulfate, ES diol, and ES ether were evaluated in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos.

Stereoselective toxicity of (E)-kresoxim-methyl to zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos during development and metabolomic approaches using GC-MS/MS.

Kresoxim-methyl (KM) is a stereoselective strobilurin fungicide with low toxicity to humans, mammals, and beneficial insects. At the frequent detection of KM in aquatic environments, its stereoisomeric form may cause different acute toxicity for aquatic organisms. The acute toxicities of both stereoisomers, (E)-KM and (Z)-KM, as well as their demethylated metabolite, kresoxim, were evaluated in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos.

Plumbagin, a natural derivative of 1,4-naphthoquinone, induces cyclopic phenomenon via increased apoptosis and ROS generation in the early stage of zebrafish embryos.

Plumbagin (PL; 5-hydroxy-2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone) is an analogue of juglone (JG) with additional methylation on carbon 2. It has been found in fungi, insects, and plants, especially Malaysian persimmons, and plants containing PL are globally used as folk medicines. Among 1,4-naphthoquinones tested in this study, PL and JG exhibited high lethality towards zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos and reduced their hatchability, and induced morphological changes.

Reduced expression of gene in cortex glia causes dopaminergic cell death.

BackgroundParkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons. While abnormal protein aggregation has been classically implicated in PD, increasing evidence suggests that lipid dysregulation may also contribute to neuronal vulnerability. Recent studies have begun to link abnormal phosphatidylserine (PS) metabolism to mitochondrial impairment and dopaminergic neuron loss in PD, yet the underlying cellular mechanisms remain poorly defined.

Synthesis of 2-Hydroxycarbazoles via Rh(III)-Catalyzed Cascade Cyclization of Indolyl Nitrones with Alkylidenecyclopropanes.

The synthesis of functionalized carbazoles is an important tool in the discovery of bioactive molecules. Herein, we present a method for synthesizing 2-hydroxycarbazoles from indolyl nitrones and alkylidenecyclopropanes under Rh(III) catalysis. A notable reaction pathway involves [3 + 2] cycloaddition between indolyl nitrones and diene intermediates, followed by aromatization and reductive N-O bond cleavage in a cascade manner.

Exosomal small non-coding RNA profiling and the role of piRNA pathway genes in Lumpy skin disease virus-infected bovines.

Objective: Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is a reemerging viral disease impacting cattle and buffaloes, posing substantial economic risks. However, the expression profile of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in LSD virus (LSDV)-infected bovines has yet to be investigated. In this study, we employed small RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to assess the expression of various ncRNAs in serum-derived exosomes from LSDV-infected bovines.

Stereoisomeric developmental toxicity of orysastrobin and its isomeric metabolite in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos: Cardiac abnormal development by orysastrobin.

Orysastrobin (OSB), a strobilurin fungicide, inhibits the normal redox reactions of cytochrome bc1 at the Qo site of target phytopathogenic fungal species. Its frequent detection and high concentrations in natural wetlands and rivers have raised concerns regarding its acute toxicity and potential effects on fish. Therefore, this study examined the acute toxicities of OSB and its stereoisomeric metabolite F001 on zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos, an animal model.

Enantioselective toxicity of (S)-amlodipine towards zebrafish embryos: Abnormal ocular development, cardiac dysfunction, and malformed intersegmental vessels.

Amlodipine (AM), widely used for the treatment of hypertension and angina, consists of two enantiomers: (S)-AM and (R)-AM. The extensive use of this medication has raised concerns regarding environmental contamination, but the enantioselective toxicity of AM in aquatic organisms has not been adequately investigated. This study aimed to examine the enantioselective toxicity of AM using zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos, focusing on acute toxicity and developmental toxicity.

Exosomes derived from African swine fever virus-infected pigs mediate immune responses through NF-κB and JAK-STAT signaling pathways.

African swine fever (ASF) virus (ASFV) is an infectious disease that affects the pig industry, causing up to 85 % morbidity and 100 % mortality. To date, there are no available vaccines against ASFV. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles that are released from most cell types.

Integrated process for lignin depolymerization and nanoparticle production using deep eutectic solvent.

Lignin, the most abundant natural aromatic macromolecule, holds significant potential for high-value applications. However, its complex and irregular structure, along with challenges in efficient processing, has limited its widespread use. In this study, we propose an ecofriendly continuous process utilizing deep eutectic solvents (DESs) for lignin depolymerization and subsequent production of lignin nanoparticles.

Differentially Expressed miRNA Profiles in Serum-Derived Exosomes from Cattle Infected with Lumpy Skin Disease Virus.

Exosomal miRNAs from individual cells are crucial in regulating the immune response to infectious diseases. In this study, we performed small RNA sequencing (small RNA-seq) analysis to identify the expressed and associated exosomal miRNAs in the serum of cattle infected with lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV). Cattle were infected with a 10 TCID50/mL LSDV Vietnam/HaTinh/CX01 (HT10) strain and exosomal miRNA expression in the serum of infected cattle was analyzed using small RNA sequencing (small RNA-seq).

Unveiling the role of long non-coding RNAs in chicken immune response to highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 infection.

Avian influenza viruses (AIVs) pose a significant threat to global poultry production, necessitating effective control strategies to mitigate economic losses and ensure animal welfare. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as crucial regulators of immune responses, yet their roles in AIV-infected chickens remain poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the expression profiles of lncRNAs and their targets in Vietnamese Ri chickens infected with the highly pathogenic AIV (HPAIV) H5N1.

Prevention of UVB-Induced Photoaging by an Ethyl Acetate Fraction from Larvae and Its Potential Mechanisms in Human Dermal Fibroblasts.

larvae (ADL) is an insect type that is used ethnopharmacologically to treat various diseases; however, its use as an antiaging treatment has not been widely studied. Previously, we found that an ethyl acetate (EA) fraction derived from an ADL extract (ADLE) has a high polyphenol content and antioxidant properties. In this study, we identified the underlying molecular mechanism for the protective effect of the EA fraction against UVB-induced photodamage in vitro and ex vivo.

Pharmacologic inhibition of Il6st/gp130 improves dermatological inflammation and pruritus.

Chronic dermatitis is a disease with large unmet need for pharmacological improvement. Dermatitis conditions are maintained and exacerbated by various cytokine actions in the context of inflammation. Interleukin 6 signal transducer (Il6st), also known as glycoprotein 130 (Gp130), is a key component for surface reception of a multitude of cytokines and transduction and amplification of their pro-inflammatory signals.

Microplastic accumulation dynamics in Han river headwaters: Sediment interactions and environmental implication.

The prevalence of microplastic (MP) contamination has become a significant environmental concern due to its pervasive nature and persistent effects. While sediments are considered major repositories for MPs, information on their spatial distribution within these matrices is insufficient. This research examined both the horizontal and vertical presence of MPs in the sediments surrounding Lake Paldang in South Korea, alongside a comprehensive evaluation of the physicochemical characteristics of the samples obtained.

Ultrasound-guided subcostal approach of transversus abdominis plane block compared with wound infiltration for postoperative analgesia following laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Despite laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is a commonly performed operation under ambulatory setting, significant postoperative pain is still a major concern. The ultrasound-guided subcostal approach of transversus abdominis plane (sTAP) blocks and wound infiltration (WI) are both widely practiced techniques to reduce postoperative pain in patients undergoing LC. Although these methods have been shown to relieve postoperative pain effectively, the relative analgesic efficacy between ultrasound-guided sTAP blocks and WI is not well known.

Changes in Adolescent Health Behavior and the Exacerbation of Economic Hardship During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-sectional Study From the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey.

Objectives: This study investigated the association between exacerbated economic hardship during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and changes in the health behaviors of Korean adolescents.

Methods: We analyzed data from the 2021 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey and included 44 908 students (22 823 boys and 22 085 girls) as study subjects. The dependent variables included changes in health behaviors (breakfast habits, physical activity, and alcohol use) that occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Atypical presentation of DeBakey type I aortic dissection mimicking pulmonary embolism in a pregnant patient: a case report.

Aortic dissection in pregnant patients results in an inpatient mortality rate of 8.6%. Owing to the pronounced mortality rate and speed at which aortic dissections progress, efficient early detection methods are crucial.

Analysis of miRNA expression in the trachea of Ri chicken infected with the highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus.

Background: Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) is considered a global threat to both human health and the poultry industry. MicroRNAs (miRNA) can modulate the immune system by affecting gene expression patterns in HPAIV-infected chickens.

Objectives: To gain further insights into the role of miRNAs in immune responses against H5N1 infection, as well as the development of strategies for breeding disease-resistant chickens, we characterized miRNA expression patterns in tracheal tissues from H5N1-infected Ri chickens.