Anti-obesity effects of water-dispersible turmeric extract via gut barrier and metabolite modulation in high-fat diet-fed mice.

Turmeric (Curcuma longa) exhibits anti-obesity properties, yet its low water solubility limits bioavailability. In this study, a water-dispersible turmeric rhizome extract (WDTE) was developed using nano-dispersion technology with maltodextrin as a wall material and characterized by UPLC-QTOF-MS, dynamic light scattering, and zeta potential analysis. The WDTE contained 10 identified metabolites, including five diarylheptanoids such as curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, and bisdemethoxycurcumin, with curcumin quantified at 7.

Identification of 5,7-Dihydro-6-pyrrolo[2,3-]pyrimidin-6-one Derivatives as ENPP1 Inhibitors for STING Pathway-Mediated Immunotherapy.

A novel small-molecule ENPP1 inhibitor, compound featuring a pyrrolopyrimidinone core, was identified. Compound exhibited potent ENPP1 inhibition with an IC of 14.68 nM and effectively activated the STING pathway in cell lines.

MSN/STAT3 drives cancer stemness and chemoresistance via IL-6/LPAR1 ligand receptor complex in triple-negative breast cancer.

Background: Resistance to chemotherapy remains a major clinical challenge in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), an intrinsic subtype with limited available therapeutic options. The expression of moesin (MSN) is upregulated in TNBC patients, but little is known about the role of MSN in breast carcinogenesis.

Methods: We investigated the MSN-dependent autocrine loop between extracellular interleukin 6 (IL-6) and NF-κB, along with a signaling cascade involving GTPase-mediated STAT3 phosphorylation.

Prebiotic potential and metabolic benefits of rhizome-derived polysaccharides in a high-fat diet-induced obesity model.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a global health issue that causes severe liver abnormalities and metabolic dysregulation, incurring substantial costs to healthcare systems. , a traditional remedy, has been studied for its anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. However, its potential role in the management of metabolic disorders via its polysaccharide components remains unclear.

Evaluation of Modified Fasting Protocols to Shorten Fasting Time Before Sedation in Children: A Prospective Randomized Noninferiority Trial.

Backgrounds: Guidelines for fasting before procedural sedation aim to prevent pulmonary aspiration and are primarily targeted for deep sedation. Our study explored whether a shortened fasting protocol is noninferior to the standard protocol by comparing gastric contents evaluated by ultrasound.

Methods: Pediatric patients aged < 3 years, scheduled for elective transthoracic echocardiography under sedation, were randomly allocated to a standard group (4-h fasting) or a modified group (4-h fasting for solid and 1-h fasting for water).

Non-Operative Management of Rectal Cancer with Adjuvant Chemotherapy after Chemoradiotherapy (NORMANDY): Prospective Study.

Purpose: Non-operative management (NOM) has emerged as a promising organ-preserving strategy for patients with rectal cancer who achieve a clinical complete response (cCR) after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT). However, no standardized treatment protocol has been established for watch-and-wait strategies.

Materials And Methods: This prospective study evaluated oncological outcomes of NOM combined with four months of adjuvant capecitabine.

The Prognostic Significance of Ki-67 Expression in Breast Cancers Developing Malignant Effusions.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic significance of Ki-67 in breast cancer patients developing malignant effusions.

Methods: In this retrospective study, 76 breast cancer patients developing a malignant effusion were enrolled. The Ki-67 immunohistochemistry (IHC) findings from both initial tissue and paired metastatic effusion samples of these patients were grouped into the following three categories: ≤5, 6-29, and ≥30%.

Preventive role of Pastinaca sativa in mitigating metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease via modulation of metabolic endotoxemia.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a leading global liver disorder. Parsnip (Pastinaca sativa), rich in dietary fiber and medicinal properties, has shown health benefits, but its effects on MASLD are largely unexplored. This study evaluated the prebiotic and anti-MASLD effects of parsnip root water-soluble extract (PRE) in a mouse model.

Prebiotic Activity of Rhizome Extract and Its Effects on Obesity and Gut Inflammation.

(sweet flag), a medicinal plant, especially its rhizome, shows strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects; however, its efficacy in treating intestinal inflammation and obesity is still unexplored. In this study, we investigated the prebiotic activity of sweet flag rhizome extract (SRE) and its preventive effects against high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and colonic inflammation. The prebiotic activity was assessed based on the prebiotic activity scores of four probiotic strains.

Discovery of the therapeutic potential of naltriben against glutamate-induced neurotoxicity.

Glutamate-induced neuronal death is associated with neurodegeneration including cerebral ischemia. Several μ-opioid receptor antagonists exhibit a neuroprotective activity and have been considered as a potential therapeutic option for neurodegenerative disorders. For the first time, our current study unveiled the neuroprotective activity of selective δ-opioid receptor antagonists.

Differentiated adsorption of acetaminophen and diclofenac via alkyl chain-modified quaternized SBA-15: Insights from molecular simulation.

The increasing presence of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in aquatic systems pose significant environmental concerns. This study addresses this issue by synthesizing quaternized mesoporous SBA-15 (Q) with varied alkyl chain lengths of C1Q, C8Q, and C18Q. Q utilizes dual mechanisms: hydrophobic interactions via the alkyl chain and electrostatic attraction/ion exchange via the ammonium group.

Deciphering Breast Origin in Malignant Effusions: The Diagnostic Utility of an MGP, GATA-3, and TRPS-1 Immunocytochemical Panel.

Introduction: Defining the origin of metastatic cancer is crucial for establishing an optimal treatment strategy, especially when obtaining sufficient tissue from secondary malignancies is limited. While cytological examination is often used in this diagnostic setting, morphologic analysis alone often fails to differentiate metastases derived from the breast from other primaries. The hormone receptor, human epidermal growth factor receptor-2, gross cystic disease fluid protein 15, and mammaglobin immunohistochemistry are often used to diagnose metastatic breast cancer.

Lactococcus lactis KF140 Ameliorates Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Induced by N-Carboxymethyl-Lysine and High-Fat Diet.

Scope: Long-term consumption of excessive dietary advanced glycation end-products such as N-carboxymethyl-lysine (CML), which are produced by the Maillard reaction during food thermal processing, leads to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) along with high fat consumption. The study previously finds that administration of Lactococcus lactis KF140 (LL-KF140) detoxifies CML by decreasing CML absorption both in a rat model and clinical trial.

Methods And Results: The present study evaluates the ameliorative effect of LL-KF140 on NAFLD and fatty liver-related biomarkers in a mouse model induced by CML and high fat.

Ameliorating effects of Orostachys japonica against high-fat diet-induced obesity and gut dysbiosis.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Orostachys japonica (rock pine) has been used as a folk remedy to treat inflammation, hepatitis, and cancer in East Asia.

Aim Of The Study: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of rock pine extract (RPE) on high-fat diet-induced obesity in mice and to examine its effects on gut dysbiosis.

Materials And Methods: The characteristic compound of RPE, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, was quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography.

Comparison of Breast Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology and Tissue Sampling for High-Throughput Proteomic Analysis and Cancer Biomarker Detection.

Introduction: Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) specimens are widely utilized for the diagnosis and molecular testing of various cancers. We performed a comparative proteomic analysis of three different sample types, including breast FNAC, core needle biopsy (CNB), and surgical resection tissues. Our goal was to evaluate the suitability of FNAC for in-depth proteomic analysis and for identifying potential therapeutic biomarkers in breast cancer.

Resistant starch-enriched brown rice exhibits prebiotic properties and enhances gut health in obese mice.

Resistant starch serves as a prebiotic in the large intestine, aiding in the maintenance of a healthy intestinal environment and mitigating associated chronic illnesses. This study aimed to investigate the impact of resistant starch-enriched brown rice (RBR) on intestinal health and functionality. We assessed changes in resistant starch concentration, structural alterations, and branch chain length distribution throughout the digestion process using an in vitro model.

Comparison between R2'-based and R2*-based χ-separation methods: A clinical evaluation in individuals with multiple sclerosis.

Susceptibility source separation, or χ-separation, estimates diamagnetic (χ) and paramagnetic susceptibility (χ) signals in the brain using local field and R2' (= R2* - R2) maps. Recently proposed R2*-based χ-separation methods allow for χ-separation using only multi-echo gradient echo (ME-GRE) data, eliminating the need for additional data acquisition for R2 mapping. Although this approach reduces scan time and enhances clinical utility, the impact of missing R2 information remains a subject of exploration.

Automated Quantification of Total Cerebral Blood Flow from Phase-Contrast MRI and Deep Learning.

Knowledge of input blood to the brain, which is represented as total cerebral blood flow (tCBF), is important in evaluating brain health. Phase-contrast (PC) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) enables blood velocity mapping, allowing for noninvasive measurements of tCBF. In the procedure, manual selection of brain-feeding arteries is an essential step, but is time-consuming and often subjective.

Thyme Extract Alleviates High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity and Gut Dysfunction.

Prolonged intake of a high-fat diet (HFD) disturbs the composition of gut microbiota, contributing to the development of metabolic diseases, notably obesity and increased intestinal permeability. Thyme ( L.), an aromatic plant, is known for its several therapeutic properties.

Assessment of deep learning-based auto-contouring on interobserver consistency in target volume and organs-at-risk delineation for breast cancer: Implications for RTQA program in a multi-institutional study.

Purpose: To quantify interobserver variation (IOV) in target volume and organs-at-risk (OAR) contouring across 31 institutions in breast cancer cases and to explore the clinical utility of deep learning (DL)-based auto-contouring in reducing potential IOV.

Methods And Materials: In phase 1, two breast cancer cases were randomly selected and distributed to multiple institutions for contouring six clinical target volumes (CTVs) and eight OAR. In Phase 2, auto-contour sets were generated using a previously published DL Breast segmentation model and were made available for all participants.

Discrepancies in Hormone Receptor and HER2 Expression between Malignant Serous Effusions and Paired Tissues from Primary or Recurrent Breast Cancers.

Introduction: Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for the estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) biomarkers has prognostic and therapeutic value in breast cancer. This study aimed to compare the expression of ER, PR, and HER2 between paired malignant effusions and tissue samples of breast cancer.

Methods: Our electronic archive was searched for all effusions diagnosed as breast carcinomas within a pre-defined period (January 2018-October 2021).

Dietary N-(carboxymethyl)lysine is a trigger of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease under high-fat consumption.

The irreversible glycation of proteins produces advanced glycation end products (AGEs) which are triggered to bind the receptor for AGE (RAGE), thereby activating mitogen-activated protein kinase/nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway and stimulating proinflammatory cytokines, ultimately leading to chronic disorders. In this study, we focus the promoting effect of N-carboxymethyl-lysine (CML), one of the most dietary AGEs, on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and evaluated NAFLD-related biomarkers. Oxidative stress and hepatic steatosis were assessed in oleic acid (OA)-induced HepG2 cells.