IKKβ inhibits cognitive memory and adult hippocampal neurogenesis by modulating the β-catenin pathway.

Aim: The IKKβ signaling pathway regulates NF-κB, influencing inflammation and cell survival in the brain. Radial glia cells are crucial for hippocampal neurogenesis and cognition. However, the role and mechanisms of IKKβ in modulating radial glia behavior and its impact on memory and neurogenesis remain unclear.

Silymarin Prevents High-Fat Diet-Induced Muscle Atrophy by Regulating Protein Degradation and Synthesis in Mice.

Silymarin is found in . We investigated the effect of silymarin on muscle atrophy in obese mice. The experimental mice were divided into three groups: CON, normal diet; HFD, 60% high-fat diet (HF); and SILY: 50 mg silymarin +60% HF.

Fermented L. Prevents Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Mice by Regulating CYP2E1, SREBP-1c, and PPAR-.

We examined the efficacy of fermented L. (FT) on the development of alcoholic fatty liver in mice and investigated the underlying mechanism. The protective potential of FT against ethanol-induced fatty liver was determined using C57BL/6 male mice allocated into four groups (8 mice/group).

L. Water Extract Enhances Endurance Exercise Capacity by Promoting Intramuscular Mitochondrial Biogenesis in Mice.

We investigated the effect of L. extract on endurance exercise capacity (EEC). EEC is the ability to exercise continuously and recover quickly, even when tired.

Water Extract of Prevents Inflammatory Skin Diseases In Vitro Models.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease caused by immune hypersensitivity reaction. The cause of AD is unclear, but its symptoms have a negative effect on quality of life; various treatment methods to alleviate these symptoms are underway. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate in vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of water extract (RCW) on AD.

L. Water Extract Improves Dexamethasone-Induced Sarcopenia by Modulating the Muscle-Related Gene and Oxidative Stress in Mice.

Dexamethasone (DEX) promotes proteolysis, which causes muscle atrophy. Muscle atrophy is connected to sarcopenia. We evaluated the effect of L.

Ethanolic Extract of Alleviates Muscle Fatigue in Mice.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of ethanol extracts of (VCE) on exercise-induced fatigue in mice. Mice were randomly divided into three groups; nonexercise control group (CON), exercise control group (Ex-CON), and exercise and VCE supplementation group (Ex-VCE). Compared with Ex-CON, Ex-VCE showed increased endurance exercise capacity on day 21.

Immunomodulatory Effect of a R. Aqueous Extract in Forced Swimming Exercise-induced Mice.

This study investigated the immunomodulatory effect of R. aqueous extract (FIE-SP, SPW) in forced swimming exercise-induced mice and the immunostimulatory effects on Raw264.7 cells.

Water Extract of L. Ameliorates Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.

Our aim was to investigate whether hot water extract (CLW) of L. could prevent non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). HepG2 cells were treated with free fatty acid (FFA) mixture (oleic acid: palmitic acid, 2:1) for 24 h to stimulate in vitro fatty liver.

Smad7 and Smad6 bind to discrete regions of Pellino-1 via their MH2 domains to mediate TGF-beta1-induced negative regulation of IL-1R/TLR signaling.

Transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) performs diverse cellular functions, including anti-inflammatory activity. The inhibitory Smad (I-Smad) Smad6 was previously shown to play an important role in TGF-beta1-induced negative regulation of Interleukin-1/Toll-like receptor (IL-1R/TLR) signaling through binding to Pellino-1, an adaptor protein of interleukin-1 receptor associated kinase 1(IRAK1). However, it is unknown whether Smad7, the other inhibitory Smad, also has a role in regulating IL-1R/TLR signaling.

14-3-3 sigma and 14-3-3 zeta plays an opposite role in cell growth inhibition mediated by transforming growth factor-beta 1.

The expression of 14-3-3 proteins is dysregulated in various types of cancer. This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of 14-3-3 zeta and 14-3-3 sigma on cell growth inhibition mediated by transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta1). Mouse mammary epithelial cells (Eph4) that are transformed with oncogenic c-H-Ras (EpRas) and no longer sensitive to TGF-beta1-mediated growth inhibition displayed increased expression of 14-3-3 zeta and decreased expression of 14-3-3 sigma compared with parental Eph4 cells.

Geldanamycin inhibits TGF-beta signaling through induction of Hsp70.

Dysregulation of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) signaling has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a variety of diseases including cancer; therefore, pharmacological inhibitors that target the TGF-beta signaling pathway might be promising drugs for disease therapy. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of inhibition of TGF-beta signaling by the Hsp90 inhibitor geldanamycin (GA). Treatment with GA suppressed TGF-beta signaling, as evidenced by inhibition of TGF-beta-induced phosphorylation and transcriptional activity of Smad3 and decreased induction of target genes.