Rumex acetosa L. enhance learning and cognitive function by modulating NMDA receptor and BDNF pathways in vitro and in vivo.

Rumex acetosa L. (RA), a member of the Polygonaceae family, is called sorrel and has been used as a vegetable and traditional medicine. RA has various bioactive functions; however, its effects on cognitive function remain unclear.

Antidepressant effects of p-coumaric acid isolated from Vaccinium bracteatum leaves extract on chronic restraint stress mouse model and antagonism of serotonin 6 receptor in vitro.

Background: Vaccinium bracteatum Thunb. leaves (VBL) are used in traditional herbal medicines to treat various biological diseases. p-coumaric acid (CA), the main active component of VBL, has neuroprotective effects against corticosterone-induced damage in vitro.

The complete mitochondrial genome of (Bangiales, Rhodophyta).

(Kjellman) L.-E. Yang & J.

The complete chloroplast genome of (Nakai) Pamp. (Asteraceae), a traditional medicinal herb in Korea.

(Nakai) Pamp. is a widely used heath food and a well-known traditional Korean herbal medicine. The complete chloroplast genome sequence of was determined using high-throughput sequencing technology.

Antipostmenopausal effects of and fruit combination in estrogen-deficient rats.

Background: Climacterium is a series of physical and mental symptoms occurring in women and men due to decreased levels of sex hormones. Women lose the ability to become pregnant due to decreased ovarian estrogen production; the initial symptom being hot flushes. In addition, urogenital atrophy, sexual dysfunction, mood changes, and osteoporosis occur.

Immunomodulatory Effect of a R. Aqueous Extract in Forced Swimming Exercise-induced Mice.

This study investigated the immunomodulatory effect of R. aqueous extract (FIE-SP, SPW) in forced swimming exercise-induced mice and the immunostimulatory effects on Raw264.7 cells.

Hepatoprotective Effects of LM1012 in Mice Exposed to Air Pollutants.

In this study, we explored whether the use of LM1012 (TL-LM1012) as a safe probiotic exerts hepatoprotective effects by suppressing oxidative stress and inflammation and alleviating aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) production . In a series of safety tests, TL-LM1012 was found to have a negative response to hemolysis and biogenic amines, as well as susceptibility to antibiotics. TL-LM1012 protected cell viability and suppressed cytotoxicity by inhibiting oxidative stress and induced heme oxygenase-1 and superoxide dismutase activity in a dose-dependent manner in diesel exhaust particulate matter (DEPM)-treated HepG2 cells.

Phosphoserine Phosphatase Promotes Lung Cancer Progression through the Dephosphorylation of IRS-1 and a Noncanonical L-Serine-Independent Pathway.

Phosphoserine phosphatase (PSPH) is one of the key enzymes of the L-serine synthesis pathway. PSPH is reported to affect the progression and survival of several cancers in an L-serine synthesis-independent manner, but the mechanism remains elusive. We demonstrate that PSPH promotes lung cancer progression through a noncanonical L-serine-independent pathway.

Micronized, Heat-Treated LM1004 Alleviates Cyclophosphamide-Induced Immune Suppression.

The present study investigated the immunomodulatory activity and associated mechanisms of heat-treated LM1004 (HT-LM1004) in a cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced mouse model of immunosuppression. HT-LM1004 induced phagocytic activity and nitric oxide production in RAW264.7 macrophages and stimulated the release of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-, interferon (IFN)-, interleukin (IL)-2, and IL-12p70.

HOXC10 overexpression promotes cell proliferation and migration in gastric cancer.

Homeodomain‑containing gene 10 (HOXC10) is a member of the homeobox transcription factors that plays an important role in the development of multicellular organisms. HOXC10 is overexpressed in a variety of human cancers, and recent studies have revealed that HOXC10 is upregulated in gastric cancer as well. However, its mechanism of action is not fully understood, thus, the role of HOXC10 was investigated in the present study in human gastric cancer.

A subset of diffuse-type gastric cancer is susceptible to mTOR inhibitors and checkpoint inhibitors.

Background: Mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is essential for the growth of gastric cancer (GC), but mTOR inhibitor everolimus was not effective for the treatment of GCs. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) researchers reported that most diffuse-type GCs were genomically stable (GS). Pathological analysis suggested that some diffuse-type GCs developed from intestinal-type GCs.

In vitro and in vivo androgen regulation of Dendropanax morbiferus leaf extract on late-onset hypogonadism.

Late-onset hypogonadism (LOH) is associated with advancing age and is caused by a deficiency in serum testosterone levels. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of a Dendropanax morbiferus H.Lév.

Leaf Extract Reverses Chronic Restraint Stress-Induced Depression-Like Behavior in Mice: Regulation of Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis, Serotonin Turnover Systems, and ERK/Akt Phosphorylation.

The leaves of Thunb. are a source of traditional herbal medicines found in East Asia. The present study aimed to evaluate the mechanisms underlying the antidepressant-like effects of water extract of Thunb.

Vitamin C Promotes Astrocyte Differentiation Through DNA Hydroxymethylation.

Previous studies have reported that vitamin C (VC) promotes neural stem/precursor cell (NSC) differentiation toward dopamine (DA) neurons via DNA hydroxymethylation-induced transcriptional activation of DA neuron-specific genes. To further understand the VC effects on NSC differentiation, we profiled the transcriptome and DNA methylome/hydroxymethylome using high-throughput sequencing. Interestingly, RNA sequencing analyses have shown that, in addition to DA neuronal genes, astrocytic genes Gfap, Slc1a3, and S100a16 were also upregulated in NSC cultures differentiated with VC treatment.

Epigenetic silencing of miR-1271 enhances MEK1 and TEAD4 expression in gastric cancer.

Epigenetic dysregulation is a major driver of tumorigenesis. To identify tumor-suppressive microRNAs repressed by DNA methylation in gastric cancer (GC), we analyzed the genome-wide DNA methylation and microRNA expression profiles of EpCAM+/CD44+ GC cells. Among the set of microRNAs screened, miR-1271 was identified as a microRNA repressed by DNA methylation in GC.

The LncRNA EPEL Promotes Lung Cancer Cell Proliferation Through E2F Target Activation.

Background/aims: Recent studies have revealed that many long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play oncogenic or tumor-suppressive roles in various cancers. Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, and many lung cancer patients frequently relapse after surgery, even those in the early stages. However, the oncogenic or tumor-suppressive roles and clinical implications of lncRNAs in lung cancer have not been fully elucidated.

Antidepressant-Like Effects of Vaccinium bracteatum in Chronic Restraint Stress Mice: Functional Actions and Mechanism Explorations.

The fruit of Vaccinium bracteatum Thunb. (VBF) is commonly known as the oriental blueberry in Korea. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antidepressant-like effects of water VBF extract (VBFW) in a mouse model of chronic restraint stress (CRS) and to identify the underlying mechanisms of its action.

Cynanchum wilfordii Ameliorates Testosterone-Induced Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia by Regulating 5α-Reductase and Androgen Receptor Activities in a Rat Model.

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is characterized by uncontrolled proliferation of the prostate gland. has been reported to improve sexual behavior in male rats. In this study, we investigated the protective effect of an aqueous extract of (CWW) against BPH development in a testosterone-induced BPH rat model.

Tetradecanol reduces EL-4 T cell growth by the down regulation of NF-κB mediated IL-2 secretion.

Tetradecanol is a straight-chain saturated fatty alcohol purified from Dendropanax morbifera leaves. We found that tetradecanol (30μM) reduced specifically the growth of T cells such as EL-4 T cell and isolated murine CD4 T cells. In this study, we investigated the effects of tetradecanol on the regulation of interlukin-2 (IL-2), a potent T cell growth factor.

Antistress Effects of Rosa rugosa Thunb. on Total Sleep Deprivation-Induced Anxiety-Like Behavior and Cognitive Dysfunction in Rat: Possible Mechanism of Action of 5-HT6 Receptor Antagonist.

Our previous results suggest that the Rosa rugosa Thunb. (family Rosaceae) alleviates endurance exercise-induced stress by decreasing oxidative stress levels. This study aimed to screen and identify the physiological antistress effects of an extract of R.

Integrated epigenomic analyses of enhancer as well as promoter regions in gastric cancer.

Abnormal DNA methylation is an epigenetic mechanism that promotes gastric carcinogenesis. While the abnormal methylation at promoter regions has been characterized for many genes, the function of DNA methylation marks at distal regulatory regions in gastric cancer remains poorly described. Here, we performed RNA-seq, MBD-seq, and H3K27ac ChIP-seq on gastric tissues and cell lines to understand the epigenetic changes in the distal as well as the proximal regulatory regions.

Antiobesity Effects of Unripe Rubus coreanus Miquel and Its Constituents: An In Vitro and In Vivo Characterization of the Underlying Mechanism.

Background. The objective of the present study was to perform a bioguided fractionation of unripe Rubus coreanus Miquel (uRC) and evaluate the lipid accumulation system involvement in its antiobesity activity as well as study the uRC mechanism of action. Results.

The laxative effects of Maesil (Prunus mume Siebold & Zucc.) on constipation induced by a low-fibre diet in a rat model.

Maesil (the fruit of Prunus mume Siebold & Zucc.) has long been used as an alternative medicine and functional food in Korea and Japan for preventive and therapeutic purposes. We examined the laxative effect of unripe Maesil (UM) and ripe Maesil (RM) in a rat model on constipation induced by a low-fibre diet and the possible mechanisms of Maesil in the rat colon.

Inhaled essential oil from Chamaecyparis obtuse ameliorates the impairments of cognitive function induced by injection of β-amyloid in rats.

Context: Chamaecyparis obtusa Sieb. & Zucc., Endlicher (Cupressaceae) forest bathing or aromatherapy has been shown in various studies to have biological functions such as anticancer, antiallergies, antiinflammatory, and antioxidant activity.