Bacterial microbiome and their assembly processing in two sympatric desert rodents ( and ) from different geographic sources.

The microbiome of mammals has profound effects on host fitness, but the process, which drives the assembly and shift of mammalian microbiome remains poorly understood. To explore the patterns of small mammal microbial communities across host species and geographical sites and measure the relative contributions of different processes in driving assembly patterns, 2 sympatric desert rodent species ( and ) were sampled from 2 geographically distant regions, which differed in the environment, followed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The microbiomes differed significantly between and , and linear mixed modeling (LMM) analysis revealed that microbial diversity was mostly affected by species rather than the environment.

Association Between Environmental Smoke Exposure in Early Life and ADHD-like Behaviors in Chinese Preschoolers: Findings from Population Survey in Shenzhen.

Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure is a public health concern linked to neurodevelopmental disorders like attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Prior studies link ETS to ADHD, but gaps remain regarding gender differences, critical exposure windows, and dose-response relationships. This study assessed ETS exposure's association with ADHD-like behaviors in Chinese preschoolers, evaluating overall risk, critical periods, dose-response relationships, and gender differences.

Cross-border ungulate protection: Identifying transboundary conservation challenges and integrated solutions in response to human disturbance and climate change.

Globally, over half of all terrestrial animals have ranges that cross international borders, making transboundary conservation crucial for protecting threatened species and their habitats. In Central Asia, the Hindu-Kush Karakoram-Pamir Landscape (HKPL), spanning Afghanistan, China, Pakistan, and Tajikistan is a critical habitat for mountain ungulates, including Marco Polo sheep (MPS) and Siberian ibex (ibex). These two wide-ranging and migratory species face significant challenges associated with habitat loss, competition with domesticated ungulates, and climate change.

Combined effects of maternal supplementation of iron, calcium, folic acid, and multivitamin during pregnancy on obesity in Chinese preschoolers born macrosomia.

Objective: Childhood obesity has become a global public health crisis. Previous studies have shown that nutritional supplementation during pregnancy may be protective against offspring obesity. However, the research in this area is still emerging and the impact of moderators, such as birth weight, upon outcomes has not been fully explored.

Contact line dynamics modulated by electrode roughness determines bubble detachment size.

Facilitating bubble detachment during water electrolysis significantly improves process efficiency. This study investigates hydrogen bubble contact line dynamics on nickel electrodes through high-speed imaging, identifying two distinct wetting modes: sliding and rolling. Surface roughness governs bubble detachment size by mediating the relative weights between these modes.

The effects of early childhood probiotic intake on the association between prenatal micronutrient supplementation and neurobehavioral development in preschool children: a four-way decomposition analysis.

Background: Neurobehavioral developmental disorder (NDD) significantly impact children's long-term wellbeing and contribute to global disease burden. While prenatal micronutrient supplementation has shown promise in improving fetal neurodevelopment, its association with offspring's neurobehavioral outcomes remains controversial, and the potential effect of early childhood probiotic intake on this association is still underexplored. This study aimed to evaluate the association between prenatal micronutrient supplementation and neurobehavioral development in preschool children, and to explore and quantify the effect of early childhood probiotic intake on this association.

Early supplement of probiotics reduces the risk of obesity among preschool children: a real-world observational study.

Introduction: Recent studies have mainly focused on the relationship between probiotic supplementation and childhood obesity in infancy and school-age periods, with a lack of research on preschool stage (3-7 years). This study aimed to explore whether early childhood supplementation with probiotics (0-3 years) could reduce the risk of overweight and obesity among preschoolers.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2022 among preschoolers from Longhua District, Shenzhen, China.

Association between micronutrient supplementation during pregnancy and preterm birth: evidence from a large-scale children survey and Mendelian randomization study.

Background: Preterm birth (PTB) is a leading cause of neonatal mortality and under-five mortality worldwide, with long-term health impacts. While micronutrient supplementation shows promise in preventing PTB, its effectiveness remains controversial due to confounding factors. This study aims to elucidate the association between micronutrient supplementation and PTB risk by analyzing a large-scale children survey and employing Mendelian Randomization (MR) to address confounding factors.

Competitive growth kinetics of coexisting hydrogen bubbles on Ni electrodes: role of bubble nucleation density.

The coverage of hydrogen bubbles decreases the active area of electrodes, resulting in reduced electrochemical performance. However, bubble growth locally decreases hydrogen concentration, thereby mitigating concentration overpotential. This dual effect highlights the significance of investigating the effect of bubbles on hydrogen removal in electrode design.

Enzymatic de novo oligonucleotide synthesis: Emerging techniques and advancements.

Oligonucleotide synthesis serves as a cornerstone of modern life sciences, enabling groundbreaking advancements across molecular diagnostics, therapeutic development, and transformative technologies including DNA data storage and programmable biological systems. While phosphoramidite-based chemical synthesis remains the industrial standard, its limitations in producing long-sequence constructs, cumulative error rates, and reliance on toxic solvents pose significant challenges for next-generation applications. Emerging enzymatic synthesis approaches offer a paradigm shift by harnessing the inherent precision and environmental sustainability of biological systems.

The relationship between screen time, screen content for children aged 1-3, and the risk of ADHD in preschools.

Objective: This study investigates the relationship between screen time, screen content, and the risk of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) using data from a large sample. Specifically, it examines how different types of screen content (such as educational videos, cartoon videos, and interactive videos) are associated with the risk of ADHD. The aim is to offer a scientific foundation for the rational management of children's screen time and screen content.

Association of only-child status and household pet ownership with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder among Chinese preschool children: a population-based study.

Background: The associations of only-child status and household pet ownership with the risk of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are inconclusive, and the joint effects of only-child status and household pet ownership on ADHD have not been thoroughly investigated.

Methods: A population-based study was conducted in 2021 involving preschool children aged 3-6 years attending kindergartens in Longhua District, Shenzhen, China. Parents were invited to complete questionnaires providing information on socio-demographic and family-environmental factors.

Transthyretin variants impact blood-nerve barrier and neuroinflammation in amyloidotic neuropathy.

Hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis with polyneuropathy (ATTRv-PN) is a neurodegenerative disease caused by mutations in the gene encoding transthyretin (TTR). Although amyloid deposition is pathognomonic for diagnosis, this pathology in nervous tissues cannot fully account for nerve degeneration, implying additional pathophysiology for neurodegeneration, which, however, has not yet been elucidated fully. In this study, neuroinflammation in ATTRv-PN was investigated by examining nerve morphometry, the blood-nerve barrier and macrophage infiltration in the sural nerves of ATTRv-PN patients and the sciatic nerves of a complementary mouse system, i.

Chromosome-level genome assembly, annotation, and population genomic resource of argali (Ovis ammon).

Argali stands as the largest species among wild sheep in Central and East Asia, with a concerning rate of decline estimated at 30%. The intraspecific taxonomy of argali remains contentious due to limited genomic data and unclear geographic separation. In this study, we constructed a chromosome-level genome assembly and annotation for the Tibetan argali (O.

Prediction of preterm birth using machine learning: a comprehensive analysis based on large-scale preschool children survey data in Shenzhen of China.

Background: Preterm birth (PTB) is a significant cause of neonatal mortality and long-term health issues. Accurate prediction and timely prevention of PTB are essential for reducing associated child mortality and morbidity. Traditional predictive methods face challenges due to heterogeneous risk factors and their interaction effects.

Combination effects of environmental tobacco smoke exposure and nutrients supplement during pregnancy on obesity in Chinese preschool children.

Objective: This study aimed to explore the combination effects of prenatal exposure to environment tobacco smoke (ETS) and nutrients supplement during pregnancy on childhood obesity in preschoolers.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 58,814 child-mother dyads from 235 kindergartens in Longhua District of Shenzhen, China in 2021. A self-administered structured questionnaire was completed by mothers to collect socio-demographic characteristics, prenatal ETS exposure, and nutrients supplement in pregnancy, and preschoolers' heights and weights were measured at the same time.

Dynamic Fault Tree Generation and Quantitative Analysis of System Reliability for Embedded Systems Based on SysML Models.

As embedded systems become increasingly complex, traditional reliability analysis methods based on text alone are no longer adequate for meeting the requirements of rapid and accurate quantitative analysis of system reliability. This article proposes a method for automatically generating and quantitatively analyzing dynamic fault trees based on an improved system model with consideration for temporal characteristics and redundancy. Firstly, an "anti-semantic" approach is employed to automatically explore the generation of fault modes and effects analysis (FMEA) from SysML models.

Biodegradation of low-density polyethylene by mixed fungi composed of Alternaria sp. and Trametes sp. isolated from landfill sites.

With the development of industry and modern manufacturing, nondegradable low-density polyethylene (LDPE) has been widely used, posing a rising environmental hazard to natural ecosystems and public health. In this study, we isolated a series of LDPE-degrading fungi from landfill sites and carried out LDPE degradation experiments by combining highly efficient degrading fungi in pairs. The results showed that the mixed microorganisms composed of Alternaria sp.

Regionwide and Nationwide Floristic Richness Reveal Vascular Plant Diversity in Central Asia.

Central Asia (CA) is located in the interior of the Eurasian continent and consists of five countries-Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan. It contains the largest concentration of temperate deserts and mountains of CA biodiversity hotspots. However, regionwide floristic diversity is sorely lacking, and nationwide floristic diversity is seriously outdated in this region.

Entomopathogenic Bacillus cereus impairs the fitness of the spotted-wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii.

Drosophila suzukii is a notorious pest which causes devastating damage to thin-skinned fruits, and the larvae feed on the fruit, causing extensive agricultural economic loss. The current application of insecticides to manage this pest results in serious resistance and environmental hazards, so an alternative strategy for D. suzukii biocontrol is urgently needed.

Independent and Joint Effects of Prenatal Incense-Burning Smoke Exposure and Children's Early Outdoor Activity on Preschoolers' Obesity.

Incense burning is a significant source of indoor air pollution in many Asian regions. There is emerging evidence that maternal prenatal exposure to incense-burning smoke may be a risk factor for childhood obesity. We aimed to extend this new line of research by investigating the independent and joint effect of incense-burning smoke exposure, and children's outdoor activity in early life, on preschoolers' obesity.

Involvement of the Keap1-Nrf2-ARE pathway in the antioxidant activity of sinomenine.

Sinomenine is a pure alkaloid isolated from Sinomenium acutum. This study is aimed to investigate the critical role of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-kelch-like ECH-associated protein-1(Keap1)-antioxidant response element (ARE) antioxidative signaling pathway in protecting sinomenine against HO-induced oxidative injury. Cytotoxicity and antioxidant experiments to initially determine the protective effects of sinomenine show that sinomenine has no effect on the decreased cell viability and presents similar potency in scavenging all three free radicals.