Significant Predictors of Azithromycin in Population Pharmacokinetic Analysis: A Systematic Review.

Azithromycin is widely used to treat infections caused by susceptible bacteria and is the first-line treatment for mycoplasma pneumonia in pediatric patients. However, in clinical practice, large between-patient variability has been observed. Several population pharmacokinetic studies have been conducted to identify covariates and guide individualized therapy.

Research on Synthesis, Structure, and Catalytic Performance of Tetranuclear Copper(I) Clusters Supported by 2-Mercaptobenz-zole-Type Ligands.

Tetrahedral copper(I) clusters [Cu(MBIZ)(PPh)] (), [Cu(MBOZ)(PPh)] () (MBIZ = 2-mercaptobenzimidazole, MBOZ = 2-mercaptobenzoxazole) were prepared by regulation of the copper-thiolate clusters [Cu(MBIZ)] () and [Cu(MBOZ)I] () with PPh. With the presence of iodide anion, the regulation provided the iodide-containing clusters [Cu(MBIZ)(PPh)I] () and [Cu(MBOZ)(PPh)I] (). The cyclic voltammogram of in MeCN (0.

Tetrahydrocurcumin Attenuates Polymyxin B Sulfate-Induced HK-2 Cells Apoptosis by Inhibiting Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Mediated PERK/eIF2α/ATF4/CHOP Signaling Pathway Axis.

The clinical application of polymyxin B (PMB) is limited by its nephrotoxic effects, making the reduction of PMB-induced nephrotoxicity has become a pressing concern for clinicians. Tetrahydrocurcumin (THC), known for its beneficial characteristics in biological functions, presents an attractive option for intervention therapy to mitigate PMB-induced nephrotoxicity. However, the underlying mechanism of how THC mitigates PMB-induced nephrotoxicity is still poorly understood.

Deciphering Local Structural Complexity in Zn/Ga-ZrO CO Hydrogenation Catalysts.

In the last few decades, massive effort has been expended in heterogeneous catalysis to develop new materials presenting high conversion, selectivity, and stability even under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions. In this context, CO hydrogenation is an interesting reaction where the catalyst local structure is strongly related to the development of an active and stable material under hydrothermal conditions at / > 300 °C/30 bar. In order to clarify the relationship between catalyst local ordering and its activity/stability, we herein report a combined laboratory and synchrotron investigation of aliovalent element (Ce/Zn/Ga)-containing ZrO matrixes.

Tricoordinated Single-Atom Cobalt in Zeolite Boosting Propane Dehydrogenation.

Propane dehydrogenation (PDH) reaction has emerged as one of the most promising propylene production routes due to its high selectivity for propylene and good economic benefits. However, the commercial PDH processes usually rely on expensive platinum-based and poisonous chromium oxide based catalysts. The exploration of cost-effective and ecofriendly PDH catalysts with excellent catalytic activity, propylene selectivity, and stability is of great significance yet remains challenging.

The Effect of Water Co-Feeding on the Catalytic Performance of Zn/HZSM-5 in Ethylene Aromatization Reactions.

During the methanol-to-aromatics (MTA) process, a large amount of water is generated, while the influence and mechanism of water on the activity and selectivity of the light olefin aromatization reaction are still unclear. Therefore, a study was conducted to systematically investigate the effects of water on the reactivity and the product distribution in ethylene aromatization using infrared spectroscopy (IR), intelligent gravitation analyzer (IGA), and X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) characterizations. The results demonstrated that the presence of water reduced ethylene conversion and aromatic selectivity while increasing hydrogen selectivity at the same contact time.

A Fine Analysis of Zn Species Structure and Distribution in Zn/ZSM-5 Catalysts by Linear Combination Fitting Analysis of XANES Spectra.

Investigating the distribution of different Zn species on Zn-containing zeolite catalysts is crucial for identifying the active sites and establishing the relationship between the catalyst's structure and its activity in the process of ethylene aromatization. By utilizing X-ray absorption near edge spectra (XANES) of various reference samples, this study employed linear combination fitting (LCF) analysis on XANES spectra of real samples to accurately measure the changes in the distribution of Zn species in Zn-containing HZSM-5 zeolites under different Zn sources and loadings. The results showed that ZnOH, ZnO clusters, and ZnO crystalline structures coexist in Zn/HZSM-5 catalysts prepared through physical mixing and incipient wet impregnation methods.

Direct transformation of nitriles to cyanide using chloride anion as catalyst.

A simple method is explored for the scission of C-CN bonds into aldehyde and CN in air. The transformation was mediated by chloride anions. The cyanide anions were extracted from the reaction solution to form (EtN)[Zn(CN)] and (EtN)[Ni(CN)].

π-Extension of Indoles Using Acrolein Linker: Synthesis of Indolo[3,2-]carbazole-6-carbaldehydes and Racemosin B.

A simple method for the synthesis of indolo[3,2-]carbazole-6-carbaldehydes by the π-extension of indoles with acrolein is reported. The scope of the method is demonstrated with 33 examples. The products exhibit high activities toward advanced synthesis and are proved to be able to produce valuable chemicals, such as natural products, dyes, and organic fluorescent materials.

Constructing Intrapenetrated Hierarchical Zeolites with Highly Complete Framework via Protozeolite Seeding.

Creation of intrapenetrated mesopores with open highway from external surface into the interior of zeolite crystals are highly desirable that can significantly improve the molecular transport and active sites accessibility of microporous zeolites to afford enhanced catalytic properties. Here, different from traditional zeolite-seeded methods that generally produced isolated mesopores in zeolites, nanosized amorphous protozeolites with embryo structure of zeolites were used as seeds for the construction of single-crystalline hierarchical ZSM-5 zeolites with intrapenetrated mesopores (mesopore volume of 0.51 cm  g ) and highly complete framework.

Enhancement of the dimethyl ether carbonylation activation via regulating acid sites distribution in FER zeolite framework.

The carbonylation of dimethyl ether (DME) with CO is a key step for ethanol synthesis from syngas, but traditional mordenite (MOR) zeolite shows low catalytic stability. Herein, various FER zeolite nanosheets were prepared with four types of organic templates. The catalytic performance of FER in DME carbonylation is strongly dependent on the location of strong acid site in framework, which can be effectively regulated by altering organic template.

Venetoclax dose adjustment due to drug-drug interactions: a case report and literature review.

The primary aim of the study is to discuss the potential interactions between venetoclax and common drugs used in department of hematology and the corresponding effects on the efficacy and safety of venetoclax treatment. Here, we report an acute myeloid leukemia patient treated with venetoclax and posaconazole, and the dose of venetoclax was adjusted due to drug interactions. Clinical pharmacists actively participated in treatment of this patient to provide pharmacy care to assist clinicians to identify the venetoclax-induced liver function impairment and give timely management.

Copper-Catalyzed Oxidative [3 + 2] Cycloaddition of -Alkyl Pyridinium Salts to Imidazo[1,2-]pyridines.

A copper-catalyzed reaction of pyridinium salts and trimethylsilyl cyanide (TMSCN) in the presence of diethyl phosphite is developed. This reaction, which allows the single-step construction of biologically important 2-cyanoimidazo[1,2-]pyridine from readily available starting materials, is realized for the first time and is feasible at the gram scale. The scope of the protocol is demonstrated with 27 examples.

Synthesis of N,O-bidentate organic difluoroboron complexes and their photophysical studies.

We disclose a novel boron trifluoride induced C-H activation and difluoroboronation at room temperature, thus providing a straightforward gateway to a series of N,O-bidentate organic BF complexes. The scope of the method is demonstrated with 24 examples. All the synthesized compounds exhibit fluorescence and some of them have large Stokes shifts.

Low-silica Cu-CHA Zeolite Enriched with Al Pairs Transcribed from Silicoaluminophosphate Seed: Synthesis and Ammonia Selective Catalytic Reduction Performance.

Cu-exchanged low-silica CHA zeolites (Si/Al≤4) synthesized without organic templates are promising candidate catalysts for ammonia selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides (NH -SCR), but their practical application is restricted due to the low hydrothermal stability. Here, inspired by the transcription from duplex DNA to RNA, we synthesized Al pairs enriched low-silica CHA zeolite (CHA-SPAEI, Si/Al=3.7) by using silicoaluminophosphate (SAPO) featured by strict alternation of -Al-O-P(Si)-O-Al-O- tetrahedra as seed.

Selective conversion of CO to isobutane-enriched C alkanes over InZrO-Beta composite catalyst.

Direct conversion of CO to a single specific hydrocarbon with high selectivity is extremely attractive but very challenging. Herein, by employing an InZrO-Beta composite catalyst in the CO hydrogenation, a high selectivity of 53.4% to butane is achieved in hydrocarbons (CO free) under 315 °C and 3.

Efficacy of azithromycin in treating Ureaplasma urealyticum: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Ureaplasma urealyticum is the most prevalent genital mycoplasma isolated from the urogenital tract of females, but there is no unified treatment plan. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of azithromycin in treating Ureaplasma urealyticum.

Methods: From the earliest to June 2022, published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on azithromycin treatment of Ureaplasma urealyticum were retrieved by searching PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science.

The correlation between paclitaxel chemotoxicity and the plasma albumin level in cancer patients.

What Is Known And Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of paclitaxel in cancer patients with hypoalbuminemia following paclitaxel-containing chemotherapy and to provide a reference for the prevention of adverse events (AEs) after paclitaxel administration.

Methods: Peripheral blood was collected from cancer patients treated with paclitaxel. The plasma concentration of paclitaxel was determined by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography after 24 ± 8 h of chemotherapy, and individual paclitaxel time above a threshold concentration of 0.

Three-Component Cycloaddition of Nitriles: Construction of Bicyclic 4-Aminopyrimidines and Their Photophysical Studies.

A base-induced synthesis of bicyclic 4-aminopyrimidines by the cycloaddition of three types of nitriles is reported. The scope of the method is demonstrated with 44 examples. Products are found to have luminescence properties and show potential applications as organic luminescent layer materials.

CO Hydrogenation on Metal-Organic Frameworks-Based Catalysts: A Mini Review.

Conversion of carbon dioxide (CO) into value-added fuels and chemicals can not only reduce the emission amount of CO in the atmosphere and alleviate the greenhouse effect but also realize carbon recycling. Through hydrogenation with renewable hydrogen (H), CO can be transformed into various hydrocarbons and oxygenates, including methanol, ethanol, methane and light olefins, etc. Recently, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted extensive attention in the fields of adsorption, gas separation, and catalysis due to their high surface area, abundant metal sites, and tunable metal-support interface interaction.

Solvent-Free Strategy for Direct Access to Versatile Quaternary Ammonium Salts with Complete Atom Economy.

A solvent-free method for the synthesis of quaternary ammonium salts (QAS) by iodoquaternization of alkenes with N-heteroarenes was reported. Its advantages lie in energy-saving and clean production by using iodine as the oxidant and manual grinding the starting materials, together with the complete atom economy and low process mass intensity (PMI) value. Demonstrated by 50 examples, the generated QAS was proved to be able to produce valuable chemicals, such as biological protease inhibitors, anti-cancer agents, and organic fluorescent materials.