Assessing the impact of perfluoroalkyl substances on liver health: a comprehensive study using multi-donor human liver spheroids.

Background: Although per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been linked to chronic liver diseases, the specific cellular and molecular mechanisms by which different PFAS contribute to human liver dysfunction remain unclear. This study aims to elucidate those mechanisms.

Methods: We exposed a multi-donor human liver spheroid model composed of multiple cell types to 20 µM of PFHxS, PFOA, PFOS, or PFNA for seven days, followed by single-cell RNA sequencing and lipid staining.

Dietary patterns and risk of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias across 5 racial and ethnic groups in the Multiethnic Cohort Study.

Background: Healthier dietary patterns have been linked to a lower risk of dementia, but data from diverse racial and ethnic populations are limited, particularly to support dietary improvement in older adults.

Objectives: We examined dietary patterns in relation to late-onset Alzheimer's disease and related dementia (ADRD) risk across 5 racial and ethnic groups in the Multiethnic Cohort Study.

Methods: Participants were scored for 4 predefined dietary pattern indices based on their food frequency questionnaire responses at baseline (45-75 y) and at a 10-y follow-up: the alternate Mediterranean diet (aMED), the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), the Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015), and the Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diet.

Exposure to per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances in association to later occurrence of type 2 diabetes and metabolic pathway dysregulation in a multiethnic US population.

Background: Growing evidence suggests that exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are linked to an increased risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D); however, the effect of PFAS mixtures and underlying mechanisms are not well understood. We examined the associations between exposure to PFAS mixture with later T2D diagnosis and underlying metabolic dysregulations.

Methods: We conducted a nested case-control study within BioMe, an electronic health record-linked biobank of >65,000 patients seeking primary care at Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, since 2007.

Prospective association of a Lifestyle Risk Factor Index with type 2 diabetes in the Multiethnic Cohort.

Purpose: This study examined behaviors captured in a composite Lifestyle Risk Factor Index (LSRI) in relation to type 2 diabetes (T2D) incidence across five ethnic groups in the Multiethnic Cohort, considering the cumulative and interactive effects of lifestyle factors.

Methods: The study population included 165,383 European American (EA), African American (AA), Native Hawaiian (NH), Japanese American (JA), and Latino (L) participants. The LSRI score, assessed by baseline questionnaire, assigns 1 point each for no current smoking, physical activity (≥ 150 min/week), consuming < 1 (women) or < 2 (men) alcoholic drinks/day and adhering to ≥ 3 of 7 dietary recommendations.

Risk of aggressive prostate cancer with successive generations in the US among Latino men.

Background: US-born Latino men have a higher incidence of prostate cancer than foreign-born Latino men. It was not clear whether these increases were exclusively due to increased detection of prostate cancer in the United States, changes in risk factors of prostate cancer, or a combination of both.

Methods: In the Multiethnic Cohort we evaluated the association between generational status and risk of prostate cancer in 19 597 Latino men, adjusting for demographic and lifestyle factors and individual- and neighborhood-level socioeconomic status, as well as history of prostate-specific antigen screening.

Inflammatory and insulinemic dietary and lifestyle patterns and incidence of endometrial cancer: the multiethnic cohort.

Background: The incidence of endometrial cancer (EC) is increasing, particularly among racial and ethnic minority groups. Obesity is an established EC risk factor, and obesity-related inflammation and hyperinsulinemia may play an important role in EC etiology.

Objectives: We examined the association of 5 empirical hypothesis-oriented dietary and lifestyle indices, which assess the inflammatory and insulinemic potentials of diet and lifestyle, with risk of EC in ethnically diverse females.

Liver Cancer Etiology in Asian Subgroups and American Indian, Black, Latino, and White Populations.

Importance: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major public health issue in the US, linked to hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), alcohol-related liver disease (ALD), and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Monitoring HCC high-risk populations and trends across increasingly diverse groups is crucial for targeted prevention and intervention strategies.

Objective: To evaluate incidence patterns and temporal trends in HCC incidence by etiology across sex, race and ethnicity, and detailed Asian subgroups in California, highlighting emerging metabolic risks and declining viral influences, to guide targeted prevention strategies.

Circulating microRNAs and alcohol consumption in the multiethnic cohort study.

Excessive alcohol consumption is a significant public health concern and contributes to liver diseases and cancer. Modifiable lifestyle factors including alcohol consumption can influence circulating microRNAs (miRNAs), which are increasingly used as biomarkers for early disease detection. Yet limited studies have identified miRNAs associated with alcohol intake, particularly in multiethnic populations.

Ambient Air Pollution and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: The Multiethnic Cohort Study.

Globally, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) was the third leading cause of death in 2019. Although tobacco smoking is the predominant risk factor, the role of long-term air pollution exposure in increasing the risk of COPD remains unclear. Moreover, few studies that account for smoking history and other known risk factors have been conducted in racially and ethnically minoritized and socioeconomically diverse populations.

Breast, Colorectal, and Prostate Cancer Incidence among Filipino Americans by Generational Status in the Multiethnic Cohort Study.

Background: Filipino Americans constitute 12% and 4% of the respective populations of Hawaii and California, with a large proportion of immigrants experiencing increasing cancer rates. This study investigated the incidence of colorectal, breast, and prostate cancers by generational status in the Multiethnic Cohort.

Methods: We analyzed 10,495 Filipino Multiethnic Cohort first-, second-, and third-generation participants, in which 26.

Association of Adiposity Phenotypes With 27-Hydroxycholesterol and Sex Hormones: The Multiethnic Cohort Study.

Context: The distribution of body fat has been linked to circulating levels of lipids and sex steroid hormones. The cholesterol metabolite and endogenous selective estrogen receptor modulator, 27-hydroxychlolesterol (27HC), may be influenced by adiposity phenotypes, particularly among females. No study has examined the relationships of 27HC with adiposity phenotypes.

The EAT-Lancet Diet Index Is Associated with Lower Obesity and Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes in the Multiethnic Cohort.

Background: The EAT-Lancet Commission has developed dietary recommendations, named the EAT-Lancet diet, to promote healthy nutrition and sustainable food production worldwide.

Objectives: We developed an adapted score for the EAT-Lancet diet for participants of the Multiethnic Cohort (MEC) Study and its relation with incidence of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Methods: The MEC includes 5 ethnic groups followed since 1993-1996.

Hypertension and Risk of Endometrial Cancer: A Pooled Analysis in the Epidemiology of Endometrial Cancer Consortium (E2C2).

Background: The incidence rates of endometrial cancer are increasing, which may partly be explained by the rising prevalence of obesity, an established risk factor for endometrial cancer. Hypertension, another component of metabolic syndrome, is also increasing in prevalence, and emerging evidence suggests that it may be associated with the development of certain cancers. The role of hypertension independent of other components of metabolic syndrome in the etiology of endometrial cancer remains unclear.

Large-scale genome-wide association study of 398,238 women unveils seven novel loci associated with high-grade serous epithelial ovarian cancer risk.

Background: Nineteen genomic regions have been associated with high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC). We used data from the Ovarian Cancer Association Consortium (OCAC), Consortium of Investigators of Modifiers of (CIMBA), UK Biobank (UKBB), and FinnGen to identify novel HGSOC susceptibility loci and develop polygenic scores (PGS).

Methods: We analyzed >22 million variants for 398,238 women.

Association between Airport Ultrafine Particles and Lung Cancer Risk: The Multiethnic Cohort Study.

Background: Ultrafine particles (UFP) are unregulated air pollutants abundant in aviation exhaust. Emerging evidence suggests that UFPs may impact lung health due to their high surface area-to-mass ratio and deep penetration into airways. This study aimed to assess long-term exposure to airport-related UFPs and lung cancer incidence in a multiethnic population in Los Angeles County.

The Association of Alcohol Outlet Density With Alcohol Intake: The Multiethnic Cohort.

Objective: Neighborhood characteristics have been shown to influence lifestyle behaviors. Here we characterized alcohol outlet density in Los Angeles County, CA, and Hawaii and assessed the association of alcohol outlet density with self-reported alcohol intake in the Multiethnic Cohort.

Method: Participants ( = 178,977) had their addresses geocoded at cohort entry (1993-1996) and appended to block group-level alcohol outlet densities (on- and off-premises).

Evidence for a causal link between intra-pancreatic fat deposition and pancreatic cancer: A prospective cohort and Mendelian randomization study.

Prior observational studies suggest an association between intra-pancreatic fat deposition (IPFD) and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC); however, the causal relationship is unclear. To elucidate causality, we conduct a prospective observational study using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-measured IPFD data and also perform a Mendelian randomization study using genetic instruments for IPFD. In the observational study, we use UK Biobank data (N = 29,463, median follow-up: 4.

Racial and Ethnic Differences in the Population-Attributable Fractions of Alzheimer Disease and Related Dementias.

Background And Objectives: Previous studies estimated that modifiable risk factors explain up to 40% of the dementia cases in the United States and that this population-attributable fraction (PAF) differs by race and ethnicity-estimates of future impact based on the risk factor prevalence in contemporary surveys. The aim of this study was to determine the race-specific and ethnicity-specific PAF of late-onset Alzheimer disease and related dementias (ADRDs) based on the risk factor prevalence and associations observed on the same individuals within a prospective cohort.

Methods: Data were from Multiethnic Cohort Study participants (African American, Japanese American, Latino, Native Hawaiian, and White) enrolled in Medicare Fee-for-Service.

Increasing risk of hepatocellular carcinoma with successive generations in the United States among Mexican American adults: The Multiethnic Cohort.

Background: US-born Latinos have a higher incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) than foreign-born Latinos. Acculturation to unhealthy lifestyle behaviors and an immigrant self-selection effect may play a role. In this study, the authors examined the influence of generational status on HCC risk among Mexican American adults.

Excess pancreatic cancer risk due to smoking and modifying effect of quitting smoking: The Multiethnic Cohort Study.

Purpose: Risk factors for pancreatic cancer include racial/ethnic disparities and smoking. However, risk trajectories by smoking history and race/ethnicity are unknown. We examined the association of smoking with pancreatic cancer by race/ethnicity to generate age-specific incidence estimates by smoking history.