Evaluation of Dexmedetomidine on Delirium in Elderly Patients Postoperatively: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Introduction: Delirium, a common acute brain dysfunction in older adults, features rapid changes in attention, awareness, and thinking that fluctuate. It presents diversely with altered activity levels and sleep. Postoperative delirium (POD), often seen in the postanesthesia care unit, is a temporary mental status change, with hypoactivity being common.

Comparative effectiveness of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors along with colchicine versus colchicine alone among coronary artery disease and type 2 diabetes patients.

Background: Colchicine, an anti-inflammatory agent, has been demonstrated to reduce adverse cardiovascular events in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients. Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors (SGLT2i) provide cardiovascular prevention beyond glycemic control including anti-inflammatory effect, and reduced heart failure risk. Given their complementary mechanisms, combining colchicine and SGLT2i may offer synergistic benefits in CAD patients with T2DM, yet the incremental effects of this combination remain underexplored.

Primary Hepatocellular Carcinoma Developing Within a B-cell Primary Hepatic Lymphoma in a Hepatitis C Positive Patient.

Hepatocellular carcinoma is the most prevalent form of primary liver cancer, commonly associated with chronic liver conditions like hepatitis and alcohol abuse. Primary hepatic lymphoma (PHL), a rare type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma originating in the liver, primarily affects men around the age of 50. Chronic hepatitis B and C are also recognized as risk factors for PHL.

The role of heparin in preventing early thrombosis of arteriovenous fistula for hemodialysis: An observational Study.

Arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is preferred for hemodialysis. However, early thrombosis often leads to failure. Hence, this observational study of 200 patients compared AVF outcomes with and without intraoperative heparin use.

Primary Pericardial Synovial Sarcoma: A Case Series and Review of Literature.

Primary pericardial synovial sarcoma (PPSS) is a rare and aggressive cancer that arises from pluripotent mesenchymal cells of the pericardium. The pathognomonic genetic hallmark is the chromosomal translocation t(X;18)(p11;q11), resulting in the SS18-SSX fusion oncogene, which, down the line, disrupts transcription regulation and chromatin remodeling, ultimately leading to carcinogenesis. In our article, we describe two cases of PPSS in previously healthy young men, managed with multidisciplinary teams, along with a review of the literature of cases reported to date.

Global Trends in Ischemic Heart Disease-Related Mortality From 2000 to 2019.

Background: Ischemic heart disease (IHD) remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality across the globe, and disparities exist based on sex and geographic region.

Objectives: This study investigates global trends in IHD mortality and examines disparities based on sex and geographic regions.

Methods: IHD mortality data from 105 countries were obtained from the World Health Organization Mortality Database.

Indigenous Negative Pressure Wound Therapy: A Low-cost Equivalent Alternative to Conventional Vacuum-assisted Closure Therapy - A Prospective Randomized Open-blind Endpoint Study.

Background: Vacuum assisted closure therapy (VAC) is a noninvasive, cost-effective alternative to surgical wound management. Indigenous negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) systems offer comparable clinical outcomes without financial constraints.

Materials And Methods: This prospective comparative study was conducted over 1 year at the Orthopedics department of RIMS, Ranchi.

Efficacy of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists for prevention of stroke among patients with and without diabetes: A meta-analysis with the SELECT and FLOW trails.

Background: Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) have shown a reduction in major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, its efficacy on cerebrovascular events is yet to be well established among diabetic and non diabetic patients.

Objective: We sought to evaluate the efficacy of GLP-1 RAs on stroke risk among its different types in patients with and without Diabetes.

Perioperative utilization of angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting-a narrative review.

Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is frequently observed in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), and it significantly increases the risk of postoperative death while exerting a crucial influence on the recovery process following the surgical intervention. HFrEF is one of the prevalent risk factors for early readmission in patients who underwent CABG. Angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI) has been recognized as a critical medical therapy in the management of HFrEF; however, its efficacy and safety have yet to be corroborated in the context of CABG.

Cardiovascular outcomes among giant cell myocarditis compared with cardiac sarcoidosis: A propensity score-matched analysis.

Background: Giant cell myocarditis (GCM) and cardiac sarcoidosis (CS) are rare inflammatory diseases of the myocardium with poor prognosis. Cardiovascular disease outcomes among both diseases have not been well studied with limited literature.

Objective: This study aims to investigate the cardiovascular outcomes among patients with GCM and CS.

Efficacy of Nebulized Dexmedetomidine and Lignocaine Inhalation versus Lignocaine Alone as Premedication for Flexible Fiber-optic Bronchoscopy under Sedation: A Randomized Comparative Study.

Introduction: Airway management is an integral part of general anesthesia, allowing ventilation and oxygenation and working as a mode for delivering anesthetic gases. Awake fiber-optic-guided intubation is an essential component of airway management in difficult cases. We aim to study the benefits of nebulized dexmedetomidine with lignocaine over lignocaine alone for anesthetizing the airway for flexible fiber-optic bronchoscopy.

Comparative Analysis of Multidimensional Learning Tools in Anatomy: A Randomized Control Trial.

Introduction: Anatomy teaching has traditionally been based on dissection. However, reduced hours in total and laboratory hours in gross anatomy along with a dearth of cadavers have ensued the search for a less time-consuming tool.

Materials And Methods: The study was conducted in the Department of Anatomy in Sheikh Bhikhari Medical College, Hazaribag.

Anesthetic management in a huge hydrocephalus.

The pediatric age group with massive hydrocephalus posted for ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt presents a lot of confrontation to anesthesiologists due to macrocephalus and associated congenital anomalies. Here, we presented a case report with massive hydrocephalus with aqueduct stenosis, posted for VP shunt placement, and retained a difficult airway.

Delivering PACE++ curriculum in community settings: Impact of TARA intervention on gender attitudes and dietary practices among adolescent girls in Bihar, India.

Adolescence phase has high intrinsic and instrumental relevance. The Transformative Action for Rural Adolescents intervention delivered PACE++ curriculum with innovations to introduce a) health and nutrition sessions and b) delivery of the content in community settings of rural Bihar. This paper examines impact of the intervention showcasing establishment of intergenerational community connect for empowering and invigorating adolescent girls on gender attitude, empowerment and adolescent health and nutrition.

SGLT2 inhibitors among patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.

Background: Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have been recommended in the practice guidelines for the treatment of patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction; however, their effects among patients with preserved ejection fraction have been debatable.

Objective: We aim to evaluate the SGLT2 inhibitor effect among patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, including DELIVER and EMPEROR-Preserved trials.

Methods: We performed a systematic literature search using the PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane libraries for relevant articles from inception until August 30th, 2022.

Cardioprotective effect of antiviral therapy among hepatitis C infected patients: A meta-analysis.

Background: Hepatitis C (HCV) infections have been shown to be associated a with higher risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the use of antiviral therapy (AVT) and the risk of CVD has not been well established with limited literature.

Objective: We sought to evaluate the association between AVT use post-HCV infection and cardiovascular outcomes.

Supraglottic airway devices versus endotracheal intubation for laparoscopic surgeries: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.

Background And Aims: Laparoscopic surgeries are among the most frequent procedures done worldwide. There is a gradual shift in the method of airway securement from endotracheal intubation to supraglottic airway devices (SAD). The objective of the current work was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of published RCTs on airway complications in laparoscopic surgery performed with a SAD or endotracheal intubation (ETT).

The Racial Disparity Among the Clinical Outcomes Post Stroke and its Intervention Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

The Racial disparity between the clinical outcomes poststroke have not been well studied, with limited literature available. We conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the poststroke outcomes among the White and Black race of patients. We systematically searched all electronic databases from inception until March 1, 2023.

Subclinical Hypothyroidism and Clinical Outcomes After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Meta-Analysis.

While subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) was reportedly associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular mortality, the relationship between SCH and clinical outcomes of patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is uncertain. The aim of this study was to assess the association of SCH and cardiovascular outcomes in patients undergoing PCI. We searched PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and CENTRAL databases from its inception until April 1, 2022 for studies comparing the outcomes between SCH and euthyroid patients undergoing PCI.

The Outcomes of Flexor Tendon Injury Repair of the Hand: A Clinico-Epidemiological Study.

Background and objective The incidence of flexor tendon injury is estimated to be 7-14 per 100,000 population. In India, such injuries are common and about 5% of these injuries require repair of the flexor tendon. In the present study, we share our experience of hand flexor tendon repair at a tertiary care center in western India.

Sinonasal Schwannomas: Imaging Findings and Review of Literature.

Objective: Schwannomas are common nerve sheath tumors and may occur anywhere in the body. 4% of head and neck schwannomas occur in the sinonasal cavity, and fewer yet have an intracranial component, making these presentations extremely rare. Furthermore, schwannomas present with nonspecific imaging signs and can only be definitively differentiated via histopathologic review, leading to misdiagnosis as various nasal tumors.

Premedication with Diclofenac and Precurarization with Atracurium on Succinylcholine-Induced Myalgia in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: A Double-Blinded Randomized Study.

Background And Aims: Succinylcholine is the only available depolarizing neuromuscular blocker that has been widely used in the induction of anesthesia, and it is the drug of choice for rapid-sequence induction of anesthesia due to its rapid onset of effect and ultrashort duration of action owing to its rapid hydrolysis by acetyl-cholinesterase. Postoperative muscle pain (myalgia) and muscle stiffness are the most common side effects and are observed most frequently on the 1 postoperative day in ambulatory surgery. The use of succinylcholine in the induction of anesthesia and intubation in routine cases has been discouraged because of such adverse effects.

Effects of Epidural Analgesia on Labor Pain and Course of Labor in Primigravid Parturients: A Prospective Non-randomized Comparative Study.

Background And Aim:  The aim of this study was to compare the effects of epidural analgesia on relief of labor pain, progress, and outcome of labor in primigravid parturients to those who did not receive any analgesia.

Methods: This was a hospital-based, quasi-experimental study conducted on 70 primigravid parturients at term with a single fetus in a cephalic presentation in active labor. Parturients who were willing to receive epidural analgesia formed group S (n=35) and parturients who refused epidural analgesia formed group C (n=35).