Perioperative cardiac arrest requiring admission to intensive care units in Japan: epidemiological differences between emergency and elective surgery.

Background: Perioperative cardiac arrest is more prevalent in emergency surgery and carries substantial mortality risks; however, large-scale studies examining its incidence, aetiology, and outcomes remain scarce. This study investigated the epidemiology of perioperative cardiac arrest in emergency and elective surgeries in Japan.

Methods: We conducted a multicentre retrospective cohort study using the Japanese Intensive care PAtient Database (JIPAD), a nationwide ICU registry.

A Needle Guidance Device Improves the In-Plane Ultrasound-Guided Imaging in Medical Students' Education.

Background: Clinicians apply the ultrasound-guided technique to securely access blood vessels and peripheral nerves in various medical conditions. Acquiring the in-plane technique for this purpose is challenging for novice medical practitioners.

Objectives: We aimed to assess whether a needle guidance device improves the needle puncture speed and the quality of the needle visualization in the ultrasound-guided in-plane technique on both horizontal and inclined surfaces by medical students, compared with freehand.

Antioxidant Properties of Albumin and Diseases Related to Obstetrics and Gynecology.

Albumin, the most abundant protein, contributes significantly to various physiological processes, indicating its multifunctional properties. It has drawn the attention of scientists and physicians because of its primary role in maintaining osmotic pressure and involvement in transporting numerous small molecules, including hormones, fatty acids, and drugs. A growing body of evidence has recently illustrated an additional aspect of albumin's antioxidant properties.

Andexanet alpha-induced heparin resistance treated by nafamostat mesylate in a patient undergoing total aortic arch repair for Stanford type A acute aortic dissection: a case report.

Background: Andexanet alfa, an anti-Xa inhibitor antagonist, induces heparin resistance. Here, we report a case of successful management of cardiopulmonary bypass with andexanet alfa-induced heparin resistance using nafamostat mesylate.

Case Presentation: An 84-year-old female, with Stanford type A acute aortic dissection, underwent an emergency surgery for total aortic arch replacement.

Vitamin D deficiency promotes intracranial aneurysm rupture.

Intracranial aneurysm rupture causes severe disability and high mortality. Epidemiological studies show a strong association between decreased vitamin D levels and an increase in aneurysm rupture. However, the causality and mechanism remain largely unknown.

Effects of volatile anesthetics on circadian rhythm in mice: a comparative study of sevoflurane, desflurane, and isoflurane.

Purpose: Volatile anesthetics affect the circadian rhythm of mammals, although the effects of different types of anesthetics are unclear. Here, we anesthetized mice using several volatile anesthetics at two different times during the day. Our objective was to compare the effects of these anesthetics on circadian rhythm.

Desflurane anesthesia shifts the circadian rhythm phase depending on the time of day of anesthesia.

Desflurane is one of the most frequently used inhalational anesthetics in clinical practice. A circadian rhythm phase-shift after general anesthesia with sevoflurane or isoflurane has been reported in mice, but few studies have reported this effect with desflurane. In the present study, we examined the rest/activity rhythm of mice by counting the number of running wheel rotations, and we found that desflurane anesthesia caused a phase shift in the circadian rhythm that was dependent on the time of day of anesthesia.

Roles of Nicotine in the Development of Intracranial Aneurysm Rupture.

Background and Purpose- Tobacco cigarette smoking is considered to be a strong risk factor for intracranial aneurysmal rupture. Nicotine is a major biologically active constituent of tobacco products. Nicotine's interactions with vascular cell nicotinic acetylcholine receptors containing α7 subunits (α7*-nAChR) are thought to promote local inflammation and sustained angiogenesis.

Prevention Effect of Antiplatelets on Aneurysm Rupture in a Mouse Intracranial Aneurysm Model.

Background And Purpose: Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) from intracranial aneurysm rupture results in significant morbidity and mortality. In the present study, we examined the effect of most widely used antiplatelet drugs, aspirin and cilostazol, on aneurysm rupture prevention using a mouse intracranial aneurysm model.

Materials And Methods: Intracranial aneurysms were induced by a combination of deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt and a single injection of elastase into the cerebrospinal fluid in mice.

[Replacement of a Tracheal Tube by Concomitant Use of an Aintree Intubation Catheter? and a Tube Exchanger].

A tracheal tube can be safely replaced by using a tube exchanger (TE). However, only a thin TE can be used to replace a double-lumen tracheal tube (DLT) with a standard single-lumen tracheal tube (SLT). We successfully replaced a DLT to a SLT by inserting an Aintree Intubation Catheter® (AIC) over a TE in two cases.

[Changes in the Femoral Vein Diameter due to Lower Limb Flexion].

Background: The purpose of this study was to in- vestigate the changes in the femoral vein (FV) diam- eter and the positional relationship during lower limb flexion using ultrasonography.

Methods: Twenty five male healthy volunteers were positioned in the supine and the hip joint was flexed to the target angles, followed by external rota- tion and abduction of the hip joint (hemi-frog-leg posi- tion). The flexion angle of the hip joint was mea- sured: before flexion (control), and at 30', 450, 60*, 75* flexion.

[The McGRATH MAC Video Laryngoscope Facilitates Probe Insertion during Transesophageal Echocardiography].

Background: A transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) probe is often inserted blindly. However, it is desirable to insert it under visual guidance because the blind technique sometimes causes difficulty and may contribute to serious, but rare, complications. This prospective study compared the usefulness of TEE insertion between a brand-new McGRATH MAC video laryngoscope (McGRATH) and a Macintosh laryngoscope (Macintosh).

Successful serial imaging of the mouse cerebral arteries using conventional 3-T magnetic resonance imaging.

Serial imaging studies can be useful in characterizing the pathologic and physiologic remodeling of cerebral arteries in various mouse models. We tested the feasibility of using a readily available, conventional 3-T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to serially image cerebrovascular remodeling in mice. We utilized a mouse model of intracranial aneurysm as a mouse model of the dynamic, pathologic remodeling of cerebral arteries.

Bronchial intubation could be detected by the visual stethoscope techniques in pediatric patients.

Background: We created a system that allows the visualization of breath sounds (visual stethoscope).

Aim: We compared the visual stethoscope technique with auscultation for the detection of bronchial intubation in pediatric patients.

Methods: In the auscultation group, an anesthesiologist advanced the tracheal tube, while another anesthesiologist auscultated bilateral breath sounds to detect the change and/or disappearance of unilateral breath sounds.