Perioperative cardiac arrest requiring admission to intensive care units in Japan: epidemiological differences between emergency and elective surgery.

Background: Perioperative cardiac arrest is more prevalent in emergency surgery and carries substantial mortality risks; however, large-scale studies examining its incidence, aetiology, and outcomes remain scarce. This study investigated the epidemiology of perioperative cardiac arrest in emergency and elective surgeries in Japan.

Methods: We conducted a multicentre retrospective cohort study using the Japanese Intensive care PAtient Database (JIPAD), a nationwide ICU registry.

Association between postoperative body temperature and in-hospital mortality: a nationwide cohort study of 157,028 critically ill patients in Japan.

Purpose: The association between postoperative body temperature and in-hospital mortality remains unclear. We sought to evaluate this association across all surgical patients and assessed whether it is affected by the indication for surgery (i.e.

Single-cell genomics of single soil aggregates: methodological assessment and potential implications with a focus on nitrogen metabolism.

Soil particles in plant rooting zones are largely clustered to form porous structural units called aggregates where highly diverse microorganisms inhabit and drive biogeochemical cycling. The complete extraction of microbial cells and DNA from soil is a substantial task as certain microorganisms exhibit strong adhesion to soil surfaces and/or inhabit deep within aggregates. However, the degree of aggregate dispersion and the efficacy of extraction have rarely been examined, and thus, adequate cell extraction methods from soil remain unclear.

Radiation-Induced Nasopharyngeal Fibrosis Resulting in a Difficult Airway: A Case Report.

Patients with head and neck cancer often experience airway complications. This case highlights a patient with nasopharyngeal cancer post-radiotherapy (RT), who presented with a difficult airway (DA). An 83-year-old woman, scheduled for a partial left lower lobe pneumonectomy, had received RT for nasopharyngeal cancer one year prior.

Epidemiological Investigation of Unplanned Intensive Care Unit Admissions From the Operating Room After Elective Surgery: A Nationwide Observational Study in Japan.

Background: Over 75% of surgeries worldwide are elective and unplanned ICU admissions after these surgeries pose a major-albeit rare-challenge. However, few epidemiological studies have focused on patients requiring unplanned ICU admission directly from the operating room after elective surgeries are lacking. This study uses the Japanese Intensive Care Patient Database (JIPAD) to describe unplanned ICU admissions after elective surgeries.

Restrictive versus Decision Support Guided Fluid Therapy during Major Hepatic Resection Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Fluid therapy during major hepatic resection aims at minimizing fluids during the dissection phase to reduce central venous pressure, retrograde liver blood flow, and venous bleeding. This strategy, however, may lead to hyperlactatemia. The Acumen assisted fluid management system uses novel decision support software, the algorithm of which helps clinicians optimize fluid therapy.

Simulations of Future Trends in Welfare-Centric Egg Production Systems: Impacts on Productivity and Prices.

The implementation of more animal welfare-centric livestock production systems holds considerable potential for achieving sustainable production in Japan. However, such systems generally reduce productivity per unit area, impose financial burdens on farmers that adversely affect their physical and mental health, and require increased consumer awareness. In particular, declines in productivity per unit area substantially affect the farming economy, giving rise to concerns about the sufficient egg production for the population, which consequently exacerbates Japan's food security concerns.

Landiolol for Treatment of New-Onset Atrial Fibrillation in Critical Care: A Systematic Review.

: new-onset atrial fibrillation remains a common complication in critical care settings, often necessitating treatment when the correction of triggers is insufficient to restore hemodynamics. The treatment strategy includes electric cardioversion in cases of hemodynamic instability and either rhythm control or rate control in the absence of instability. Landiolol, an ultrashort beta-blocker, effectively controls heart rate with the potential to regulate rhythm.

Synergistic Effect of Motivation for the Elderly and Support for Going Out II: Measures to Induce Elderly Men to Go Out.

Background: The second demonstration experiment of supporting elderly people going out with the Choisoko system was conducted. The first study showed that for women, friends, shopping, convenience, and events are factors that have the potential to be effective motivational factors for encouraging these women to go out. On the other hand, these factors did not lead to any behavioral change in men.

Sonorheometry Device Thresholds in Liver Transplantation: An Observational Retrospective Study.

Background: Liver transplantation (LT) remains a potentially haemorrhagic procedure whose perioperative bleeding and transfusion could be better monitored using point-of-care devices. Quantra is a device based on sonorheometry to assess whole blood clot formation. Our aims were to describe Quantra parameters during LT and to study their correlations with standard laboratory parameters, and to determine Quantra cut-off values for thrombocytopenia, hypofibrinogenemia and coagulation factors' deficit.

Draft genome sequence of sp. strain TKC, isolated from a γ-hexachlorocyclohexane-degrading community.

sp. strain TKC was isolated from a microbial community enriched with γ-hexachlorocyclohexane (γ-HCH). This strain did not show γ-HCH-degrading activity but was one of the major members of the community.

Diagnostic accuracy of the peripheral venous pressure variation induced by an alveolar recruitment maneuver to predict fluid responsiveness during high-risk abdominal surgery.

Background: In patients undergoing high-risk surgery, it is recommended to titrate fluid administration using stroke volume or a dynamic variable of fluid responsiveness (FR). However, this strategy usually requires the use of a hemodynamic monitor and/or an arterial catheter. Recently, it has been shown that variations of central venous pressure (ΔCVP) during an alveolar recruitment maneuver (ARM) can predict FR and that there is a correlation between CVP and peripheral venous pressure (PVP).

Intraoperative measurement of the respiratory exchange ratio predicts postoperative complications after liver transplantation.

Background: During surgery, any mismatch between oxygen delivery (DO) and consumption (VO) can promote the development of postoperative complications. The respiratory exchange ratio (RER), defined as the ratio of carbon dioxide (CO) production (VCO) to VO, may be a useful noninvasive tool for detecting inadequate DO. The primary objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that RER measured during liver transplantation may predict postoperative morbidity.

Synergistic Effect of Motivation for the Elderly and Support for Going out.

Maintaining a social environment that enables going out freely is important for older people and aids the prevention of frailty syndrome. However, losing a driver's license can increase the long-term care needs of older people. Therefore, outing support systems are important.

Reconstruction of a Soil Microbial Network Induced by Stress Temperature.

The microbial community is viewed as a network of diverse microorganisms connected by various interspecific interactions. While the stress gradient hypothesis (SGH) predicts that positive interactions are favored in more stressful environments, the prediction has been less explored in complex microbial communities due to the challenges of identifying interactions. Here, by applying a nonlinear time series analysis to the amplicon-based diversity time series data of the soil microbiota cultured under less stressful (30°C) or more stressful (37°C) temperature conditions, we show how the microbial network responds to temperature stress.

Genome evolution related to γ-hexachlorocyclohexane metabolic function in the soil microbial population.

γ-Hexachlorocyclohexane (γ-HCH)-degrading strain, Sphingobium sp. TA15, was newly isolated from an experimental field soil from which the archetypal γ-HCH-degrading strain, S. japonicum UT26, was isolated previously.

French crop yield, area and production data for ten staple crops from 1900 to 2018 at county resolution.

Agricultural performance is influenced by environmental conditions, management decisions and economic circumstances. It is important to quantify their respective contribution to allow for detecting major hazards to production, projecting future yields under climate change and deriving adaptation options. For this purpose, time series of agricultural yields with high spatial and long-term temporal resolution are a primary requisite.

Fatal pancreatic fistula after laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy for intraductal papillary mucinous carcinoma with pancreaticobiliary maljunction and sphincterotomized papilla: a case report.

Background: Pancreatic juice is constantly activated by contaminated bile in patients with pancreaticobiliary maljunction (PBM). Here, we report a case of laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy for a patient with PBM and sphincterotomized papilla, resulting in fatal pancreatic fistula.

Case Presentation: A 79-year-old man was diagnosed with pancreatic intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm and common bile duct stones.

The Japanese Clinical Practice Guidelines for Management of Sepsis and Septic Shock 2020 (J-SSCG 2020).

The Japanese Clinical Practice Guidelines for Management of Sepsis and Septic Shock 2020 (J-SSCG 2020), a Japanese-specific set of clinical practice guidelines for sepsis and septic shock created as revised from J-SSCG 2016 jointly by the Japanese Society of Intensive Care Medicine and the Japanese Association for Acute Medicine, was first released in September 2020 and published in February 2021. An English-language version of these guidelines was created based on the contents of the original Japanese-language version. The purpose of this guideline is to assist medical staff in making appropriate decisions to improve the prognosis of patients undergoing treatment for sepsis and septic shock.

Fungal Carbonyl Sulfide Hydrolase of Trichoderma harzianum Strain THIF08 and Its Relationship with Clade D β-Carbonic Anhydrases.

Carbonyl sulfide (COS) is the most abundant and long-lived sulfur-containing gas in the atmosphere. Soil is the main sink of COS in the atmosphere and uptake is dominated by soil microorganisms; however, biochemical research has not yet been conducted on fungal COS degradation. COS hydrolase (COSase) was purified from Trichoderma harzianum strain THIF08, which degrades COS at concentrations higher than 10,000 parts per million by volume from atmospheric concentrations, and its gene cos (492 bp) was cloned.

Microbial communities developing within bulk sediments under fish carcasses on a tidal flat.

Animal carcasses are often brought into tidal flats where they are at the boundary between terrestrial and marine ecosystems. Since these carcasses act as microhabitats with large amounts of energy and nutrients, they likely develop unique bacterial assemblages in the ambient sediment, which in turn may stimulate colonization of other organisms such as protozoans. However, little is known about the microbial assemblages colonized in sediment around animal carcasses in the tidal zone.

Enumeration of Chemoorganotrophic Carbonyl Sulfide (COS)-degrading Microorganisms by the Most Probable Number Method.

Carbonyl sulfide (COS) is the most abundant sulfur compound in the atmosphere, and, thus, is important in the global sulfur cycle. Soil is a major sink of atmospheric COS and the numerical distribution of soil microorganisms that degrade COS is indispensable for estimating the COS-degrading potential of soil. However, difficulties are associated with counting COS-degrading microorganisms using culture-dependent approaches, such as the most probable number (MPN) method, because of the chemical hydrolysis of COS by water.