Comparative insight: hereditary colorectal cancer registries in Iran, Singapore, and South Africa.

This study compares three hereditary colorectal cancer (CRC) registries-the Iranian Hereditary Colorectal Cancer Registry (IHCCR), the Singapore Polyposis Registry (SPR), and the University of Cape Town Familial CRC Registry-to illuminate diverse approaches to identification, management, and research across different healthcare systems. Each registry, while emphasizing patient diversity, employed unique strategies reflecting available resources and epidemiological contexts. The IHCCR, leveraging WES, revealed considerable genetic heterogeneity, including novel mutations.

Effect of clonal hematopoiesis on plaque morphology and prognosis in patients with acute myocardial infarction.

Background: Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) is related to cardiovascular disorders and poor prognosis. However, the relationship between CHIP and clinical outcome as well as pathological phenotype of patients with acute myocardial infarction was unknown. Herein, we aimed to investigate the associations between CHIP mutation stratified by variant allele frequency (VAF) from 0.

The predictive value of atherogenic index of plasma and clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential among patients with STEMI-from a prospective cohort study.

Background: Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) remains a leading global cause of mortality despite advances in revascularization therapies.

Methods: This prospective cohort study investigated the synergistic prognostic impact of clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) and atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) in 1396 ACS patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention at Fuwai Hospital (2017-2020). Using deep targeted sequencing (42 genes, median depth 14,219 ×), we identified CHIP mutations (VAF ≥ 2%) in 14.

Carbon Footprint of Laboratory Testing in an Intensive Care Unit: Baseline Evaluation for a Quality Improvement Project.

Background: Healthcare contributes 4%-5% to global carbon emissions. The intensive care unit (ICU) produces three times more carbon emissions per patient-day than that of the general ward. Over-ordering of laboratory investigations contributes to the carbon footprint in the ICU.

Ruthenium-Catalyzed Cycloaddition of Azides and Selenoalkynes with Built-in "Catch-and-Release" Functionality.

Click reactions with a "catch-and-release" functionality featuring both cross-linking and bond cleavage may have unique biomedical applications. However, despite the high demand, such reactions are rarely known in the toolbox of biochemists. Herein we introduce a robust click reaction of selenoalkynes that not only facilitates mild cross-linking with azides but also permits exceptionally facile cleavage of the C─Se bond in the adducts.

Recent Advances in Metabolic Engineering Strategies for the Production of Human Milk Oligosaccharides in Microbial Hosts.

Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are the third most abundant solid component in human breast milk, playing vital roles in promoting infant growth, supporting immune system development, and preventing infections. Due to these benefits, HMOs are increasingly being incorporated into infant formula, making their low-cost, large-scale production a pressing need. Recent advances in biosynthesis have focused on developing efficient production methods, particularly using genetically engineered and other microbial hosts.

Functional analysis of a downregulated guanylate kinase gene associated with the mechanism of action of 6-methylcoumarin against the whitefly Bemisia tabaci.

Background: 6-Methylcoumarin is a botanical compound that displays prominent activity against Bemisia tabaci. The guanylate kinase (GUK) is vital for maintaining intracellular Ca equilibrium. Downregulation of GUK gene expression has been observed in B.

Lesional volume in the prediction of clinically significant prostate cancer.

Background: While MRI has significantly advanced risk stratification in prostate cancer, PIRADS scoring alone is still insufficient to solely determine which patients do not require biopsy. Beyond PIRADS scoring, data regarding lesional volume and number can easily be extracted. This study aims to investigate whether the novel parameter 'Lesional PSAD' is a better predictive biomarker for clinically significant prostate cancer than conventional PSAD.

Combined effects of clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential and P2Y inhibitors on outcomes of patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: A prospective study.

Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) is a prominent risk factor for atherosclerosis, but effective medications for CHIP-associated risk are still lacking. This study aimed to assess prognostic impacts of P2Y inhibitors in the context of CHIP with a prospective cohort of 1332 patients of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Using targeted deep sequencing, CHIP was defined by any CHIP-gene mutations with variant allele frequency (VAF) > 2 %.

Reproductive toxicity of glyphosate and its main metabolite aminomethyl phosphonic acid (AMPA) on zebrafish (Danio rerio).

Glyphosate(GLY), as the most widely used herbicide globally, has attracted much attention for its potential toxicity, especially reproductive toxicity. Its metabolite aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) also has biological activity and may remain in the body for a long time with stronger toxic effects. In this study, zebrafish (Danio rerio) were exposed to GLY or AMPA at the concentration of 0, 0.

Recyclable self-secreting autonomous healing dielectrics for millisecond water quality sensing.

Developing a sustainable, in-situ responsive sensing method for continuously monitoring water quality is crucial for water use and quality management globally. Conventional water quality monitoring sensors face challenges in achieving ultrafast response time and are non-recyclable. We present a self-assembly approach for a closed-loop recyclable, autonomous self-healing and transparent dielectric material with nanostructured amphiphobic surfaces (termed 'ReSURF').

Untargeted metabolomics reveals key pathways in miscarriage: steroid, folate, fatty acid & glycosaminoglycan metabolism.

Metabolites influencing miscarriage outcomes remain understudied. We hypothesized that aberrant metabolism impacts threatened miscarriage outcomes and that understanding these pathways could offer new management strategies. This case-control study analyzed serum metabolomics from 80 women between 5 and 12 weeks' gestation at KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, comparing three groups: women with threatened miscarriage who miscarried (TM), those with ongoing pregnancies (TM), and women with normal pregnancies (NP).

Changes in Esophageal Cancer Survival: A Global Review of Survival Analysis from Cancer Registration Data over the Past Three Decades.

Objective: To describe survival trends and global patterns of esophageal cancer (EC) using survival data from population-based cancer registries.

Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, SEER, and SinoMed databases for articles published up to 31 December 2023. Eligible EC survival estimates were evaluated according to country or region, period, sex, age group, pathology, and disease stage.

Combined Prostate-specific Membrane Antigen Positron Emission Tomography and Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging for the Diagnosis of Clinically Significant Prostate Cancer.

Background And Objective: More than half of men who undergo a prostate biopsy based on positive multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) findings do not have clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa). Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) positron emission tomography (PET) may complement mpMRI to better triage men with suspected prostate cancer (PCa) and reduce the number of unnecessary biopsies performed. A diagnostic test accuracy systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to determine the diagnostic accuracy of combined imaging for csPCa detection with pairwise comparisons with mpMRI and PSMA-PET alone.

Real world prevalence of pelvic lymph node involvement in prostate cancer in Asia: do we need a rethink on normograms?

Introduction: The Briganti 2019 nomogram stratifies risk of lymph node involvement (LNI) in prostate cancer, reducing unnecessary pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND) during radical prostatectomy (RP). However the applicability of the nomogram in diverse populations remains under-explored, with only one external validation study performed in an Asian population to date. We aim to evaluate the performance of the nomogram in a large tertiary Asian institution.

Association of hematopoietic loss of Y chromosome with valvular heart disease incidence and sex susceptibility.

Introduction: Hematopoietic mosaic Loss Of Y chromosome (LOY), a condition referring to the age-related loss of Y chromosome in a subset of blood cells, is associated with shortened life expectancy and increased risk of age-related diseases in men. Despite Valvular Heart Disease (VHD) becoming more prevalent with aging, the underlying risk factors and mechanisms leading to sex-related differences in VHD remain unclear.

Objectives: We aimed to investigate the association between hematopoietic LOY and incident VHD, and to assess whether LOY contributes to sex disparities in VHD.

Association of clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential with cardiometabolic multimorbidity progression and mortality: a prospective study of UK Biobank.

Background: Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) is defined as the aging-related clonal expansion of preleukemic mutations in hematopoietic stem cells. While CHIP has been studied in cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs), its role in the long-term progression from the absence of CMD to the development of a single CMD, cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM), and eventual mortality remains uncertain. This study aimed to investigate the association between CHIP and gene-specific CHIP subtypes with the progression of CMD transitions.

Circulating and Regional Matrix Gla Protein Indicating Plaque Calcification and Prognosis of Patients with ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction.

The association between matrix Gla protein (MGP) and vascular calcification has been investigated in recent years; however, studies focusing on MGP with plaque calcification are lacking. In the present study, we aimed to explore the association of circulating and regional levels, as well as polymorphism of MGP with plaque calcification detected by optical coherence tomography (OCT) and adverse clinical outcome in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).A prospective cohort of 1,648 consecutive patients with STEMI were established.

Effects of resin-tapping on radial variation of sap flow density and whole tree transpiration in .

We investigated the effects of resin-tapping on the radial differences of sap flow density and whole-tree transpiration in . We used the Granier's thermal diffusion probe method to measure sap flow density at different sapwood depths on non-resin-tapped and both the non-resin-tapped surface and resin-tapped surface of resin-tapped , that had undergone continuous resin tapping from 2004 to 2015. The results showed that the radial distribution patterns of sap flow density in the non-resin-tapped and on the non-resin-tapped surface of resin-tapped were unimodal, while that on the resin-tapped surface of resin-tapped was irregular.

3D Printing of Auxetic Self-powered Mechanoluminescent Photonic Skins for Underwater Communication and Safety Monitoring.

Stretchable mechanoluminescent (ML) photonic skin with strong and stable brightness holds great promise for underwater communication and safety monitoring. However, traditional film-based ML devices often lack the compliance needed to accommodate curved surfaces and face a trade-off between extensibility and luminescent intensity. This study introduces a 3D-printed self-powered auxetic ML photonic skin.

Genetic and metabolic mechanisms underlying webbed feet pigmentation in geese: Insights from histological, transcriptomic, and metabolomic analyses.

This study systematically investigated the genetic and metabolic mechanisms underlying pigmentation in goose webbed feet by integrating histological, transcriptomic, and metabolomic analyses. Histological examinations revealed significant differences in melanin deposition among webbed feet of varying colors. Dark black webbed feet exhibited the highest melanin content, light black webbed feet showed moderate levels, and colorless webbed feet lacked detectable melanin.

Clonal Hematopoiesis of Indeterminate Potential Is Associated With Incident Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm.

Background: Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) is an emerging risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Genetic IL (interleukin)-6 signaling deficiency reduced cardiovascular disease risk in CHIP carriers. However, the association between CHIP and incident abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and whether IL-6 signaling inhibition attenuates AAA risk among individuals with CHIP remained unclear.

BCG response and oncological outcomes in high risk nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer following previously treated upper tract urothelial carcinoma: A propensity-matched analysis.

Introduction: Metachronous bladder recurrences after prior treatment for primary upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) can occur in ∼3% to 50% of patients. Because UTUC demonstrated distinct molecular alterations, bladder recurrences in these patients may be molecularly and phenotypically different compared to primary bladder carcinoma. We aim to study the BCG efficacy in patients with primary high risk nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer (P-NMIBC) and metachronous bladder recurrences after previous nephroureterectomy for UTUC (M-NMIBC).

Temporal dynamics of walnut phyllosphere microbiota under synergistic pathogen exposure and environmental perturbation.

Introduction: Phyllosphere-associated microbes directly influence plant-pathogen interactions, and the external environment and the plant shape the phyllosphere microbiome.

Methods: In this study, we integrated 16S rRNA and ITS high-throughput sequencing to systematically investigate changes in the phyllosphere microbiome between symptomatic and asymptomatic walnut leaves affected by spot disease, with consideration of phenological stage progression. Additionally, we explored how abiotic (AT, DT, SCTCC & LPDD) and biotic factors ( & ) impact microbial communities.