Comparative and pharmacological investigation of bEVs from eight Lactobacillales strains.

Bacterial extracellular vesicles (bEVs) have therapeutic potential by mimicking the effects of the microbiome. Here, we characterized bEVs from eight gram-positive Lactobacillales strains, evaluating their therapeutic potential. In primary characterization, Lactobacillus paracasei produced the largest bEVs (82.

Highly stable two-level current fluctuation in complex oxide heterostructures.

Two-level systems based on point defects in dielectric oxides offer promising entropy source for random number generators. The random telegraph noise (RTN) generated by the two-level systems is ideal for creating random bit-strings for advanced computing and cryptographic technologies. However, in classical oxide systems, RTN signals often suffer from instability due to undesired defect migration and metastable electronic states.

Merging directed sp and nondirected sp C-H functionalization for Pd-catalyzed polydeuteration of (hetero)arenes.

Polydeuteration has emerged as a key strategy in the development of pharmaceuticals and functional organic materials, advancing beyond monodeuteration and trideuteromethylation. We have developed methods for the polydeuteration of a wide range of organic compounds through Pd-catalyzed directed sp C-H activation and nondirected sp C-H activation, using readily available deuterium source, AcOH- . This approach addresses the challenge of facilitating both directed and nondirected C-H functionalization of electronically and sterically diverse (hetero)aromatic compounds through the use of a versatile [2,2'-bipyridin]-6(1)-one (BpyOH) ligand.

Atomic-Scale Interface Modification in Complex Oxide Heterojunctions for Near-Infrared Photodetection.

Photodetectors that detect near-infrared (NIR) light serve as important components in contemporary energy-efficient optoelectronic devices. However, detecting the low-energy photons of the NIR light has long been challenging since the ease of photoexcitation inevitably involves increasing the background current in the dark. Herein, we report the atomic-scale interface modification in SrRuO/LaAlO/Nb-doped SrTiO (SRO/LAO/Nb:STO) heterostructures for NIR photodetection.

Association Between Short-Term PASI90 Achievement and Drug Survival of Biologics in Patients with Psoriasis.

Background: With accumulating evidence that achieving a 90% improvement in the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index score (PASI90) has better correlation with improved health-related quality of life as compared to PASI75 achievement, there has been demand for establishing new treatment goals for psoriasis. We investigated whether the short-term PASI90 achievement would predict longer drug survival as compared to PASI75 achievement.

Objective: We investigated whether the short-term PASI90 achievement would predict longer drug survival as compared to PASI75 achievement.

Clinical and Histological Effects of Topical Epidermal Growth Factor on Acne and Acne Scars.

Background: The inflammatory lesions of acne leave scars which greatly affect patients' quality of life. Treatment options targeting both acne and acne scars are still lacking.

Objectives: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of epidermal growth factor ointment (EGFO) on acne and acne scars.

Association of Rosacea With Cardiovascular Disease: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background There is emerging evidence that rosacea, a chronic cutaneous inflammatory disease, is associated with various systemic diseases. However, its association with cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains controversial. We aimed to investigate whether patients with rosacea are at increased risk of developing CVD.

Pervasive Misclassification and Misconception of Study Designs in Asian Dermatology Journals Listed in Science Citation Index-Expanded.

Background: Misclassification of study designs of journals can hinder the readers from assessing the strengths and weaknesses of the study and evaluating the applicability of the study in the real-world setting. However, it seems that it is common for authors to neglect to classify the study design.

Objective: We aimed to evaluate the accuracy of the classification of study designs and examine the common errors.

Quantitative determination of lithium depletion during rapid cycling in sulfide-based all-solid-state batteries.

We propose a promising electrochemical analysis tool based on the distribution of relaxation times (DRT) to quantify interfacial resistances towards a comprehensive understanding of complex solid-state interfacial phenomena in sulfide-based all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs). Using DRT-assisted impedance analysis, we identify a new resistance component in the range of 10-10 Hz of 3.5 and 0.

Effects of reflection and immediate feedback to improve clinical reasoning of medical students in the assessment of dermatologic conditions: a randomised controlled trial.

Background: There are few studies that directly compared different interventions to improve medical students' clinical reasoning for dermatologic conditions.

Objective: To investigate the effectiveness of adding practice with reflection and immediate feedback on traditional dermatology electives in improving medical students' ability in evaluating skin lesions.

Methods: The participants were fourth-year medical students of Seoul National University College of Medicine, Korea, who were enrolled to take a 2-week dermatology elective course (n = 87).

Clinical efficacy of herbal extracts in treatment of mild to moderate acne vulgaris: an 8-week, double-blinded, randomized, controlled trial.

Background: Herbal extracts with fewer adverse effects can be an alternative to these drugs because they can target various molecular pathways of acne pathogenesis.

Objectives: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of herbal extracts (mangosteen, , L., Thunb) for the treatment of mild to moderate acne vulgaris.

Functional surgery versus amputation for in situ or minimally invasive nail melanoma: A meta-analysis.

Background: Evidence on whether functional surgery is not inferior to amputation for the treatment of in situ or minimally invasive (Breslow thickness ≤0.5 mm) nail melanoma is limited.

Objective: To investigate the difference in local recurrence between the 2 interventions for in situ or minimally invasive nail melanoma using available published studies.

Electrochemical behaviors of Li-argyrodite-based all-solid-state batteries under deep-freezing conditions.

We probe the electrochemical performance of Li-argyrodite-based all-solid-state batteries under deep-freezing conditions (-30 °C) using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The performance deterioration is mainly caused by the increased interfacial resistances of electrolyte and active materials resulting from the slow kinetics of Li-ion transport in solid materials at low temperatures.

Collateral hydrogenation over proton-conducting Ni/BaZrYO catalysts for promoting CO methanation.

Despite the importance of CO methanation for eco-friendly carbon-neutral fuel recycling, the current technologies, relying on catalytic hydrogenation over metal-based catalysts, face technological and economical limitations. Herein, we employ the steam hydrogenation capability of proton conductors to achieve collateral CO methanation over the Ni/BaZrYO catalyst, which is shown to outperform its conventional Ni/AlO counterpart in terms of CH yield (8% higher) and long-term stability (3% higher for 150 h) at 400 °C while exhibiting a CH selectivity above 98%. Moreover, infrared and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses reveal the appearance of distinct mobile proton-related OH bands during the methanation reaction.

Thermally Induced S-Sublattice Transition of LiPS for Fast Lithium-Ion Conduction.

The ion-transport phenomenon, determined by the interaction of strain and electrostatic energy, is one of the most important examples that confirms the effects of the polymorphism and atomic morphology. We investigated the correlation between the structural morphology and Li-ion conduction characteristics in α-LiPS, a high-temperature phase of the LiPS, using ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) calculations. We successfully reproduced the thermal disorder and partial occupancy observed at high temperatures by AIMD and confirmed the Li-ion sites and its migration pathways.

Quantitative Analysis of Microstructures and Reaction Interfaces on Composite Cathodes in All-Solid-State Batteries Using a Three-Dimensional Reconstruction Technique.

The composite cathode of an all-solid-state battery composed of various solid-state components requires a dense microstructure and a highly percolated solid-state interface different from that of a conventional liquid-electrolyte-based Li-ion battery. Indeed, the preparation of such a system is particularly challenging. In this study, quantitative analyses of composite cathodes by three-dimensional reconstruction analysis were performed beyond the existing qualitative analysis, and their microstructures and reaction interfaces were successfully analyzed.

Strain-Induced Tailoring of Oxygen-Ion Transport in Highly Doped CeO Electrolyte: Effects of Biaxial Extrinsic and Local Lattice Strain.

We explored oxygen-ion transport in highly doped CeO through density-functional theory calculations. By applying biaxial strain to 18.75 mol % CeO:Gd, we predicted the average migration-barrier energy with six different pathways, with results in good agreement with those of experiments.

Catalytic behavior of metal catalysts in high-temperature RWGS reaction: In-situ FT-IR experiments and first-principles calculations.

High-temperature chemical reactions are ubiquitous in (electro) chemical applications designed to meet the growing demands of environmental and energy protection. However, the fundamental understanding and optimization of such reactions are great challenges because they are hampered by the spontaneous, dynamic, and high-temperature conditions. Here, we investigated the roles of metal catalysts (Pd, Ni, Cu, and Ag) in the high-temperature reverse water-gas shift (RWGS) reaction using in-situ surface analyses and density functional theory (DFT) calculations.