Tissue-Resident T Cells That Promote Humoral Immunity: Emerging From the Shadow of T Follicular Helper Cells.

Humoral immune responses are critical for protection against immune challenge by pathogens and transformed cells, while dysregulated antibody production is a hallmark of autoimmune diseases. T follicular helper (Tfh) cells are central to the development of humoral immunity, regulating B-cell maturation, including immunoglobulin class switch recombination and somatic hypermutation, and development of memory B and antibody-producing plasma cells. These events occur as B cells migrate to and differentiate within B cell follicles of secondary lymphoid organs, with this classical program of follicular B cell maturation providing systemic immune protection.

Effects of nitrogen-fixing plants on rhizosphere soil phosphorus contents at different soil nitrogen levels in subtropical karst forests.

Exploring the differential responses of rhizosphere soil phosphorus contents associated with nitrogen-fixing and non-nitrogen-fixing plants to different soil nitrogen levels in subtropical karst forests can provide valuable insights into the effects of nitrogen-fixing plants on soil nutrient cycling. Such knowledge will serve as a scientific reference for the extensive planting of nitrogen-fixing plants in vegetation restoration efforts in karst regions. Taking karst forests with varying soil nitrogen levels in Jianshui County, Yunnan Province as test objects, we collected soil samples from the rhizosphere of three types of dominant nitrogen-fixing and non-nitrogen-fixing plants with the same age and analyzed the total phosphorus (TP), organic phosphorus (OP), inorganic phosphorus (IP), available phosphorus (AP), and other soil physicochemical properties.

Androgenetic Alopecia: An Update on Pathogenesis and Pharmacological Treatment.

Androgenetic Alopecia (AGA) is a common type of alopecia. The pathogenesis of AGA involves genetic predisposition, androgen metabolism, inflammation, fibrosis, and impaired energy metabolism. The choice of therapeutic agents for the treatment of AGA remains controversial globally, with finasteride and minoxidil being the only two widely recognized and legally approved therapeutic options.

Spesolimab Treatment in GPP: Impact of IL-36RN Mutations and Concomitant Plaque Psoriasis.

We present a case series involving five patients with generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP) who received a single intravenous dose of 900 mg spesolimab in our department from September 2023 to January 2024. Spesolimab was effective in three patients, regardless of their IL-36RN gene mutation status. Two patients with concomitant plaque psoriasis, despite initially poor responses to spesolimab, achieved resolution of pustules after switching their therapy to ixekizumab or secukinumab.

Identification and genetic evolution of Muscovy duck parvovirus in Guangdong province.

In this study, we analyzed 137 liver samples collected from deceased Muscovy ducks in Guangdong, China, between 2020 and 2023. The Muscovy duck parvovirus (MDPV) strain GD2407 was isolated from these samples, and its genome sequence was determined. The genome of MDVP strain GD2407 is 5067 nt in length, encoding both non-structural and structural proteins, and its genome sequence is 99.

Regional and type-specific variations in the global seasonality of human parainfluenza viruses and the influence of climatic factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Human parainfluenza viruses (hPIVs) are common viral causes of acute respiratory infections, resulting in substantial global disease burden. Seasonal patterns of hPIV epidemics can vary by geographical region and viral type, although these patterns are not well understood at a global level. We aimed to characterise regional and type-specific variations in hPIV seasonality and assess the potential role of climatic factors in explaining these variations.

Evaluation of Brain Stiffness in Patients Undergoing Carotid Angioplasty and Stenting Using Magnetic Resonance Elastography.

Background: Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stenting (PTAS) in patients with carotid stenosis may have potential effects on brain parenchyma. However, current studies on parenchymal changes are scarce due to the need for advanced imaging modalities. Consequently, the alterations in brain parenchyma following PTAS remain an unsolved issue.

Unveiling Diverse Trajectories of Internet Addiction and the Influence of Family Environment and Obsessive Beliefs: Multi-Wave Longitudinal Study With Growth Mixed Model.

Background: Recent longitudinal studies have revealed the heterogeneity of the developmental trajectory of internet addiction (IA), which is believed to be due to the influences of interindividual variables. In a social-cognitive framework, family environment (FE) and obsessive beliefs (OBs) are associated with IA severity. However, it remains unclear how these environmental and individual cognition factors interact to influence IA development.

Imbalance of thalamocortical structural connectivity in adolescents with early-onset schizophrenia.

Background: Thalamocortical circuit imbalance, characterized by decreased prefrontal-thalamic connectivity and increased sensorimotor-thalamic connectivity, has been well-documented in adult-onset schizophrenia. We have previously demonstrated functional imbalance of this circuit in adolescents with early-onset schizophrenia (EOS). We now investigate whether this functional imbalance stems from the thalamocortical structural connectivity in EOS, thereby further establishing its relevance to the neurodevelopmental modeling of psychosis.

Norepinephrine system dysconnectivity in major depressive disorder: the effect of short term SSRI treatment.

Despite the long history of norepinephrine hypothesis in depression, the neuropathology involving norepinephrine remains elusive. This study aims to map the whole-brain functional connectivity (FC) of the major norepinephrine nucleus locus coeruleus (LC) and further investigate the effect of escitalopram, an antidepressant with minimal direct norepinephrine effects, on the LCNE system in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). Totally 253 MDD patients and 227 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited.

The morbidity spectrum of influenza, respiratory syncytial virus, human metapneumovirus and human parainfluenza virus in young children by age and country income level: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Influenza virus (IFV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), human metapneumovirus (hMPV) and parainfluenza virus (hPIV) cause substantial disease burden in children under 5 years, but the infection spectrum remains unclear.

Methods: We systematically reviewed studies published between 1995 and 2023 to estimate probabilities between viral test positivity, symptomatic infections, acute lower respiratory infections (ALRI), ALRI with chest-wall indrawing (CWI), ALRI hospitalization, and very severe ALRI - p(symptomatic | test positive), p(ALRI | symptomatic), p(CWI | ALRI), p(hosp | ALRI) and p(very severe | hosp). (PROSPERO CRD42024584039; CRD42023439269).

Both Proteins/Peptides and Non-Proteins/Peptides in Larval Oral Secretions of a Chewing Herbivore Function as Elicitors That Induce Plant Defenses.

Herbivore elicitors, most of which identified thus far are from the oral secretions (OS) of herbivores, are important in herbivore-induced plant defense. However, whether and how larval OS of the striped stem borer (SSB), Chilo suppressalis, a devastating pest on rice, induce plant defenses remains largely unknown. We found that treating plants with SSB OS enhanced levels of phosphorylated OsMPK3/4/6, JA, JA-Ile, ethylene, and ABA in rice, which subsequently induced the production of defense compounds, such as trypsin protease inhibitors, and decreased the growth of SSB larvae.

Molecular detection and identification of goose astrovirus in GuangDong Province, China.

In recent years, Goose Astrovirus (GAstV) has become a major pathogen in China, afflicting geese with significant clinical manifestations like gout and urate deposits in organs. Notably, similar symptoms have emerged in ducks. From 2023 to 2024, 126 liver samples were collected from ducks in Guangdong Province, where farms reported emaciation, paralysis, and deaths.

Recent Studies on the Effects of Static Magnetic Fields (SMF) on Reproductive Function.

Background: With the widespread use of static magnetic fields (SMFs) in applications such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and electric vehicles, concerns have arisen regarding their potential effects on reproductive health. Despite increasing research, the impact of SMFs on reproductive function remains a subject of debate, requiring further exploration.

Methods: This review synthesizes animal and clinical studies on the effects of SMF on reproductive function.

MRI findings for the pretreatment diagnosis of small Meckel's cave tumors: comparison of meningiomas and schwannomas.

Background: Both meningiomas and schwannomas are the most common Meckel's cave (MC) tumors in terms of distinct imaging features. When they are small, they may present with similar imaging characteristics that make their diagnosis difficult. The aim of this study was to diagnose small meningiomas and schwannomas of the MC on the basis of their clinical and MRI findings.

Analysis of the prognostic value of thyroglobulin antibody change trends during follow-up after I treatment in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma.

Objectives: The prognostic value of thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb) and its trends during follow-up periods may guide the treatment plans in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) following surgery, however, there is still a lack of sufficient data. This study aims to evaluate the impact of change trends in TgAb levels on the prognosis of patients with DTC and to explore its potential application in clinical practice.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on the medical records of 2,981 DTC patients who underwent surgery followed by I treatment.

CPT1A-mediated MFF succinylation promotes stemness maintenance in ovarian cancer stem cells.

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) play crucial roles in cancer progression, immune evasion, drug resistance, and recurrence. Understanding the mechanisms behind CSCs generation and stemness maintenance is vital for early cancer diagnosis and treatment. Here, we unveil that carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A) is highly expressed in ovarian cancer stem cells (OCSCs) and is essential for maintaining stemness by regulating lipid desaturation.

The global burden of human metapneumovirus-associated acute respiratory infections in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The human metapneumovirus (hMPV)-associated disease burden in older adults remains under-researched. We aimed to systematically estimate the global burden of hMPV-associated disease in older adults.

Methods: We searched MEDLINE, Embase, Global Health, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Global Index Medicus in February, 2023, November, 2023, and October, 2024; and CNKI, Wanfang, and CQVip, in April, 2024, and October, 2024.

AI-based tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte scoring system for assessing HCC prognosis in patients undergoing liver resection.

Background & Aims: Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), particularly CD8+ TILs, are key prognostic markers in many cancers. However, their prognostic value in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains controversial, with different evidence. Given the heterogeneous outcomes in patients with HCC undergoing liver resection, this study aims to develop an AI-based system to quantify CD8+ TILs and assess their prognostic value for patients with HCC.

Ins-ATP: Deep estimation of ATP for organoid based on high throughput microscope images.

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a high-energy phosphate compound, the most direct energy source in organisms. ATP is an important biomarker for evaluating cell viability in biology. Researchers often use ATP bioluminescence to measure the ATP of organoid after drug to evaluate the drug efficacy.

A phytocytokine and its derived peptides in the frass of an insect elicit rice defenses.

Upon recognizing elicitors derived from herbivores, many plants activate specific defenses. Most of the elicitors identified thus far are from the oral secretions and egg-laying fluids of herbivores; in contrast, herbivore fecal excreta have been sparsely studied in this context. In this study, we identified elicitors in the frass of the striped stem borer (SSB; Chilo suppressalis) larvae using a combination of molecular and chemical analyses, bioactivity tests and insect performance bioassays.

Enhancing Virus Filter Performance Through Pretreatment by Membrane Adsorbers.

Virus filtration is used to ensure the high level of virus clearance required in the manufacture of biopharmaceutical products such as monoclonal antibodies. Flux decline during virus filtration can occur due to the formation of reversible aggregates consisting of self-assembled monomeric monoclonal antibody molecules, particularly at high antibody concentrations. While size exclusion chromatography is generally unable to detect these reversible aggregates, dynamic light scattering may be used to determine their presence.

Synthesis of pillar-layered metal-organic frameworks with variable backbones through sequence control.

The properties and functions of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) can be tailored by tuning their structure, including their shape, porosity and topology. However, the design and synthesis of complex structures in a predictable manner remains challenging. Here we report the preparation of a series of isomeric pillar-layered MOFs, and we show that their three-dimensional topology can be controlled by altering the layer stacking.

Acquired Vulvar Lymphangioma Following CO Laser Treatment for Sebaceous Gland Nevus in a 10-Year-Old Girl: A Case Report.

Acquired vulvar lymphangioma (AVL) is a rare condition characterized by abnormal lymphatic vessels in the vulva. We describe a 10-year-old female patient who presented with vulvar swelling for 23 days. She has no history of sexual assault and irradiation.