Protein levels alter yak rumen microbiota profiles, meat properties, and longissimus dorsi metabolites.

Objective: The study investigated how varying protein levels in low-energy diets affected the microbiota, meat quality, and metabolomics of the imus dorsi muscle in yaks. The aim was to determine the optimal yak diet for growth and meat quality under low-energy conditions.

Methods: Twenty-four adult male yaks were divided into two groups of 12: the Low-energy, Medium-protein (LM) group and the Low-energy, High-protein (LH) group.

Gut microbiota modulates lung gene expression and metabolism to aid SD rats in adapting to low-pressure hypoxia.

Unlabelled: Hypoxia has long posed a serious threat to the health of both animals and humans, causing respiratory acidosis, metabolic disorders, systemic inflammation, oxidative stress damage, and other issues, thereby endangering life and limiting development in high-altitude areas. Gut microbiota plays a crucial role in life activities and hypoxia adaptation. We transplanted the gut microbiota from small mammals, plateau zokors (), from the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau (3,500 m) to Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats housed in a hypobaric chamber (equivalent to 6,000 m altitude) for 30 days.

Effects of rumen-degradable starch on lactation performance, gastrointestinal fermentation, and plasma metabolomic in dairy cows.

This study investigated the effects of rumen-degradable starch (RDS) on lactation performance, gastrointestinal fermentation, and plasma metabolomics in dairy cows. Six mid-lactation cows, fitted with rumen, duodenum, and ileum cannulas, were used in a duplicated 3 × 3 Latin square design with 28-day periods. The cows were fed a low RDS (LRDS; 62.

Modification of Intestinal Flora Can Improve Host Metabolism and Alleviate the Damage Caused by Chronic Hypoxia.

Prolonged exposure to hypoxic conditions can lead to reduced appetite, stunted growth, systemic inflammation, and pulmonary hypertension. Previous studies have indicated a correlation between gut dysbiosis and the development of hypoxia-related hazards. We designed an experiment to investigate the effect of microbiota on mitigating hypoxic damage.

Ruminal microbiota and muscle metabolome characteristics of Tibetan plateau yaks fed different dietary protein levels.

Introduction: The dietary protein level plays a crucial role in maintaining the equilibrium of rumen microbiota in yaks. To explore the association between dietary protein levels, rumen microbiota, and muscle metabolites, we examined the rumen microbiome and muscle metabolome characteristics in yaks subjected to varying dietary protein levels.

Methods: In this study, 36 yaks were randomly assigned to three groups ( = 12 per group): low dietary protein group (LP, 12% protein concentration), medium dietary protein group (MP, 14% protein concentration), and high dietary protein group (HP, 16% protein concentration).

Antibiotic intervention exacerbated oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in SD rats under hypobaric hypoxia exposure.

The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in maintaining host nutrition, metabolism, and immune homeostasis, particularly in extreme environmental conditions. However, the regulatory mechanisms of the gut microbiota in animal organisms hypobaric hypoxia exposure require further study. We conducted a research by comparing SD rats treated with an antibiotic (ABX) cocktail and untreated SD rats that were housed in a low-pressure oxygen chamber (simulating low pressure and hypoxic environment at 6000 m altitude) for 30 days.

Concentrate supplementation improves cold-season environmental fitness of grazing yaks: responsive changes in the rumen microbiota and metabolome.

Yak () is an important economic animal species on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Yaks grazed in the cold season often suffer from nutritional stress, resulting in low production performance. This situation can be improved by properly feeding the grazing yaks in the cold season; however, there is still little information about the effect of different feeding levels on the intestinal microflora and metabolites of yaks.

Ruminal Fluid Transplantation Accelerates Rumen Microbial Remodeling and Improves Feed Efficiency in Yaks.

A relatively stable microbial ecological balance system in the rumen plays an important role in rumen environment stability and ruminant health maintenance. No studies have reported how rumen fluid transplantation (RFT) affects the composition of rumen microorganisms and yak growth performance. In this experiment, we transplanted fresh rumen fluid adapted to house-feeding yaks to yaks transitioned from natural pastures to house-feeding periods to investigate the effects of rumen fluid transplantation on rumen microbial community regulation and production performance.

Dynamic changes in the yak rumen eukaryotic community and metabolome characteristics in response to feed type.

With diversification of yak breeding, it is important to understand the effects of feed type on the rumen, especially microbiota and metabolites. Due to the unique characteristics of yak, research on rumen microbes and metabolites is limited. In this study, the effects of two diet types on rumen eukaryotic microflora and metabolites were evaluated using the Illumina MiSeq platform and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS).

Effects of high concentrate rations on ruminal fermentation and microbiota of yaks.

Ruminal microflora is closely correlated with the ruminant's diet. However, information regarding the effect of high concentrate diets on rumen microflora in yaks is lacking. In the current study, 24 healthy male yaks were randomly assigned to two groups, each fed with different diets: less concentrate (LC; concentrate: coarse = 40: 60) and high concentrate (HC; concentrate: coarse = 80: 20) diets.

Dynamics Changes of the Fecal Bacterial Community Fed Diets with Different Concentrate-to-Forage Ratios in Qinghai Yaks.

(1) Background: This study aimed to investigate the effects of different dietary concentrate to roughage ratios on growth performance and fecal microbiota composition of yaks by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. (2) Methods: In the present study, three diets with different dietary forage-to-concentrate ratios (50:50, 65:35, and 80:20) were fed to 36 housed male yaks. (3) Results: The result shows that Final BW, TWG, and ADG were higher in the C65 group than in the C50 and C80 groups, but the difference was not significant (p > 0.

Dietary forage to concentrate ratios impact on yak ruminal microbiota and metabolites.

To improve the rumen fermentation function and growth performance of yaks (Bos grunniens), better understanding of the effect of different dietary forage to concentrate ratios on rumen microbiota and metabolites is needed. In the present study, three diets with different dietary forage to concentrate ratios (50:50, 65:35, and 80:20) were fed to 36 housed male yaks. The changes in the distribution of rumen microorganisms and metabolites and the interactions between them were studied by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS).

Dietary Concentrate-to-Forage Ratio Affects Rumen Bacterial Community Composition and Metabolome of Yaks.

Changes in dietary composition affect the rumen microbiota in ruminants. However, information on the effects of dietary concentrate-to-forage ratio changes on yak rumen bacteria and metabolites is limited. This study characterized the effect of three different dietary concentrate-to-forage ratios (50:50, C50 group; 65:35, C65 group; 80:20, C80 group) on yak rumen fluid microbiota and metabolites using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analyses.

Effects of Concentrate Supplementation on Growth Performance, Rumen Fermentation, and Bacterial Community Composition in Grazing Yaks during the Warm Season.

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of concentrate supplementation on the growth performance, serum biochemical parameters, rumen fermentation, and bacterial community composition of grazing yaks during the warm season. Eight male yaks (body weight, 123.96 ± 7.

Extract (cichoric Acid) Exerts an Anti-inflammatory Effect on Yak PBMCs and Regulates the TLR4 Signalling Pathway.

Introduction: Inflammation is one of the main causes of impaired health in livestock and some of its processes weaken animal productivity and impact human health. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of echinacea extract (cichoric acid - CA) on yak peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), inflammatory-related factors, and the toll-like receptor (TLR)4 signalling pathway induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in these PBMCs.

Material And Methods: Yak PBMCs were co-cultured with LPS and CA .

Effect of Alfalfa Hay and Starter Feeding Intervention on Gastrointestinal Microbial Community, Growth and Immune Performance of Yak Calves.

The present study aims to evaluate the effects of different early weaning paradigms, which supplied with extra alfalfa hay, or starter feeding, or both alfalfa hay and starter feeding, along with the milk replacer, on the gastrointestinal microbial community, growth, and immune performance of yak calves. Twenty 30-day-old male yak calves were randomly assigned to four groups, including the control (CON), alfalfa hay (A), starter feeding (S), and starter plus alfalfa hay (SA) groups. The gastrointestinal microbial colonization, the gastrointestinal development and function, and the growth and immune performance of all the yak calves were separately measured.

From Maternal Grazing to Barn Feeding During Pre-weaning Period: Altered Gastrointestinal Microbiota Contributes to Change the Development and Function of the Rumen and Intestine of Yak Calves.

Understanding the altered gastrointestinal microbiota is important to illuminate effects of maternal grazing (MG: maternally nursed and grazed) and barn feeding (BF: supplied milk replacer, starter feed, and alfalfa hay) on the performance and immune function of yak calves. Compared with the MG group, the significantly increased body weight, body height, body length, chest girth, and organ development of liver, spleen, and thymus were identified in the BF group, which were resulted from the significantly increased dry matter intake, increased concentrations of propionate, butyrate, isobutyrate, and valerate, increased ruminal pectinase, duodenal α-amylase, jejunal α-amylase and trypsin, and ileal trypsin, and promoted gastrointestinal epithelial development. Furthermore, genera of , , , , _, , , , , , __, and __, which were involved in utilization of non-fibrous carbohydrate and further beneficial to improve the gastrointestinal digestion, development, and immune functions, were significantly increased in the BF group.

Adding heat-treated rapeseed to the diet of yak improves growth performance and tenderness and nutritional quality of the meat.

Heat-treated rapeseed was supplemented to indoor fed yaks in winter to test the effect on dry matter intake (DMI), body mass change, and meat quality. Sixteen 3-year-old yak steers (124 ± 15.3 kg) were divided randomly into two groups and were offered either heat-treated rapeseed (HTR) or rapeseed meal (CONT).

Dynamic Alterations in Yak Rumen Bacteria Community and Metabolome Characteristics in Response to Feed Type.

Current knowledge about the relationships between ruminal bacterial communities and metabolite profiles in the yak rumen is limited. This is due to differences in the nutritional and metabolic features between yak and other ordinary cattle combined with difficulties associated with farm-based research and a lack of technical guidance. A comprehensive analysis of the composition and alterations in ruminal metabolites is required to advance the development of modern yak husbandry.

Assessment of Ruminal Bacterial and Archaeal Community Structure in Yak ().

The aim of this study was to determine the microbial community composition in the rumen of yaks under different feeding regimes. Microbial communities were assessed by sequencing bacterial and archaeal 16S ribosomal RNA gene fragments obtained from yaks () from Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China. Samples were obtained from 14 animals allocated to either pasture grazing (Graze), a grazing and supplementary feeding regime (GSF), or an indoor feeding regime (Feed).

Hyperspectral Imagery Super-Resolution by Adaptive POCS and Blur Metric.

The spatial resolution of a hyperspectral image is often coarse as the limitations on the imaging hardware. A novel super-resolution reconstruction algorithm for hyperspectral imagery (HSI) via adaptive projection onto convex sets and image blur metric (APOCS-BM) is proposed in this paper to solve these problems. Firstly, a no-reference image blur metric assessment method based on Gabor wavelet transform is utilized to obtain the blur metric of the low-resolution (LR) image.

[Study on the nutrition of alpine meadow based on hyperspectral data].

Remote sensing monitoring of alpine grassland nutritional status is a key factor of grassland reasonable utilization, also a difficulty for dynamic vegetation monitoring. The present paper studies the correlations between vegetation nutrition and hyperspectral data. The results showed that two band ratio models have a significant correlation with biomass, air-DM, P, CF, and CP.