Photocatalyzed Synthesis of Coumarin-3-Derivatives from Aryl Alkynoates and Hydrazines.

We demonstrate a direct synthesis of coumarin-3 derivatives from aryl alkynoates and hydrazines in visible light, photocatalyzed by rose bengal. The method is facile, transition-metal-free, versatile, and furnishes various 3-functionalized coumarins such as ester, acyl, aryl, carbamoyl, and sulfonyl in moderate to good yields, with the respective hydrazine reagent serving as the radical precursor. Two anti-TB molecules, and , were synthesized using this method.

Hydrogen sulfide in the brain as a silent neuroprotector in Alzheimer's disease.

Hydrogen sulfide (HS) is an endogenously produced gasotransmitter that has garnered growing attention for its critical roles in cellular signalling and brain function. It regulates NMDA receptors during long-term potentiation, a fundamental mechanism underlying memory consolidation and influences neurotransmission and essential neurophysiological functions. HS is synthesized by three enzymes: cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE) and cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (MST) within the cell.

Retrospective Electronic Medical Records Study to Understand the Usage Patterns and Patient Profiles of Those Prescribed Amlodipine and Its Combinations.

Background: Hypertension is a lifestyle disorder with a target blood pressure (BP) <140/90 mmHg. Amlodipine, a calcium channel blocker (CCB), is the first-line choice of treatment. This study aims to assess the effectiveness, tolerability, and treatment pattern of amlodipine or its combinations in patients with hypertension.

Comparative evaluation and optimization of amniotic membrane derived bioscaffold for bone regeneration in critical sized bone defect in rabbit radius model.

Background: Bone regeneration and repair are critical research areas within regenerative medicine, aiming to address the challenges posed by critical-sized bone defects. Bioscaffolds and cell-based therapies have been explored to enhance osteogenesis and promote effective bone regeneration. This study aimed to assess the regenerative potential of rabbit amniotic membrane (rAM) derived bioscaffold and its comparative evaluation with another bioscaffold, the decellularized periosteum (DP) of the buffalo rib, which was recellularized with rAM derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs).

Deciphering the role of MFGE8 in lactation using CRISPR-CAS9 based gene editing in Buffalo mammary epithelial cells.

Milk fat globule EGF factor 8 (MFGE8) is a glycoprotein which plays a crucial role in mammary gland remodeling. Our group previously identified MFGE8 as a marker associated with high milk yielding cows. Here, we generated MFGE8 knock-out buffalo mammary epithelial cells (BuMEC) via CRISPR-cas9 technology to decipher its role in lactation.

Cancer Clusters: Geographic Disparities in Head and Neck Cancer Incidence in Greater Manchester and East Cheshire.

Objective This study aimed to assess whether a statistically significant correlation exists between socioeconomic status, measured by the Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD), and the incidence of head and neck cancer (HNC) in Greater Manchester and East Cheshire. Understanding this relationship can help inform targeted public health interventions and reduce healthcare disparities. Methods Using Multidisciplinary Team (MDT) lists, 236 HNC patients from Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust were identified.

Novel Film-Forming Spray: Advancing Shelf Life Extension and Post-Harvest Loss Reduction in Eggs.

This study explores the development of a topical film-forming spray infused with phytobiotic herbs to extend egg shelf life and maintain its quality. Unlike traditional surface treatments, film-forming sprays provide uniform drug distribution, better bioavailability, effective CO retention by sealing pores, and antibacterial effects. The spray includes a polymer to encapsulate phytoconstituents and form the film.

Overlap of Limited Cutaneous Systemic Sclerosis with Ocular Myasthenia Gravis- Report of a Case and a Brief Review of Literature.

A 39-year-old woman with a 4-year history of limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis (lcSSc) and no prior exposure to D-penicillamine presented with bilateral fluctuating ptosis of 1 week duration. On evaluation, she was found to have elevated acetylcholine receptor antibody levels and a positive neostigmine test confirming the diagnosis of ocular myasthenia gravis (MG). The patient was treated with oral prednisolone and pyridostigmine resulting in significant improvement within 2 weeks.

Inhibition of cytochrome bd oxidase in Mycobacterium tuberculosis by benzothiazole amides.

Cytochrome bd (Cyt-bd) oxidase, a key enzyme in the Mtb respiratory chain, is particularly crucial for ATP synthesis when the primary cytochrome bc:aa (Cyt-bc:aa) complex is compromised. There are several reported inhibitors of the Cyt-bd oxidase, predominantly featuring quinoline and quinazoline scaffolds. This study explores benzothiazole amides as potential inhibitors of Cyt-bd oxidase for their ability to deplete ATP in the presence of the Cyt-bc:aa inhibitor Q203.

Stem Cell Exosomes for Osteoarthritis in Veterinary Medicine.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a growing health concern worldwide. This disease is a major concern in human and veterinary patients, especially in growing and geriatric individuals. The poor regenerative capacity of damaged cartilage affects the healing process.

Temporal analysis of physiological phenotypes identifies metabolic and genetic underpinnings of senescence in maize.

Delayed leaf senescence (staygreen) is an important agronomic trait associated with enhanced resilience to abiotic and biotic stresses and improved productivity. While senescence induces large-scale metabolomic changes, the characterization of metabolic shifts and the identification of key metabolites and pathways determining the staygreen trait remain limited. Here, we generated a temporal map of the physiological and metabolic variation in genetically diverse maize (Zea mays) inbred lines spanning the staygreen spectrum.

Induction of cancer stem cells from mouse fibroblasts.

Natural biological agents that can transform normal somatic cells into cancer stem cells, have not been identified. We earlier reported that cell free chromatin particles (cfChPs) that circulate in blood of cancer patients can horizontally transfer themselves to healthy cells to induce dsDNA breaks and inflammation. Here we show that a single cell clone D5 developed from NIH3T3 mouse fibroblast cells treated with cfChPs isolated from sera of cancer patients exhibited upregulation of stemness related transcription factors OCT4, SOX2 and KLF4 and surface markers CD34, CD44 and CD133, and the ability to form spheroids in appropriate culture medium.

Cationic Cyanostilbene-Induced B-Z DNA Transition in Calf-Thymus DNA: Modulation of FRET in DNA Co-Assemblies.

Cationic cyanostilbenes (s) with variable peripheral alkyl chains demonstrated groove binding to calf-thymus DNA (DNA). This led to a variation in their luminescence and the emergence of induced chiral features. Most notably, an ethyl analogue induced an intriguing structural transformation in DNA in which the original right-handed B-DNA, the most commonly observed regular structural form of the DNA found in living cells under physiological conditions, underwent transformation to Z-DNA, an unconventional form of DNA with left-handed helicity, typically observed with certain sequences under specific biological, physical, or chemical environments.

Prevalence of Odontogenic Tumors in Udaipur Region -An Institutional Retrospective Analysis of 56 Cases.

Introduction: Odontogenic tumors are lesions that originate from the tooth-producing tissues or their remnants that remain entrapped either within the jawbones or into the adjacent soft tissues. They comprise a range of disorders of growth, from malignant and benign neoplasms, to malformations of dental tissues of self-limited growth.

Aim: To do a retrospective analysis of 56 cases of odontogenic tumors in oral cavity over a period of 5 years.

Neurosurgical faculty and resident perspectives on collective bargaining efforts by resident physicians in the United States.

Objective: Collective bargaining unions frequently represent employees across industries, including healthcare workers such as nurses. In recent years, resident physicians have been increasingly unionizing to improve working conditions and benefits. However, whether resident unionization will benefit or harm neurosurgery training is unclear.

Optimizing patient recovery: prospective study evaluating compliance and clinical outcomes of enhanced recovery protocols in ovarian cancer following cytoreductive surgery with HIPEC.

Objectives: To evaluate the implementation, compliance, and impact of the enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol on perioperative outcomes in patients undergoing cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) for Stage IIIc ovarian cancer.

Methods: From September 2020 to March 2022, the ERAS protocol (62 perioperative and special consideration guidelines) was prospectively implemented in 75 patients. Based on compliance rates, patients were divided into three groups: Group A (<70 %, 13 patients), Group B (70 %-80 %, 52 patients), and Group C (>80 %, 10 patients).

Desulfonylative halogenation of arene sulfonyl chlorides using N-halosuccinimides: Synthesis, molecular docking, and anti-Alzheimer activity.

Considering the significant biological potential of halogenated arenes, we developed a novel and eco-friendly method for accessing dihalogenated arenes viaN-halosuccinimide-promoted desulfonylative halogenation of arenesulfonyl chlorides under metal-free conditions. In silico evaluations of selected compounds for amyloid-beta (Aβ) protein interactions identified compounds 1d and 2d as promising candidates, exhibiting strong binding potential and low toxicity in wild-type Oregon R flies. Furthermore, these compounds demonstrated significant neuroprotective activity in an Aβ-induced Alzheimer's disease model in Drosophila, emphasizing the need for further studies in higher organisms and detailed mechanistic investigations.

Unveiling the Structure of Anhydrous Sodium Valproate with 3D Electron Diffraction and a Facile Sample Preparation Workflow.

Understanding the structure of an active pharmaceutical ingredient is essential for gaining insights into its physicochemical properties. Sodium valproate, one of the most effective antiepileptic drugs, was first approved for medical use in 1967. However, the structure of its anhydrous form has remained unresolved.

A Rare Case of a Neuroendocrine Tumor With Intracardiac Metastasis: Management and Literature Review.

Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are rare neoplasms originating from the neuroendocrine system. While they can develop sporadically throughout the body, they are mostly found in the gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract, pancreas, and thymus. NETs can be classified into low-grade indolent tumors, intermediate-grade tumors, or high-grade aggressive cancers.

Phospholipases: Paving the Way for a New Life.

Phospholipases are a large group of enzymes with ramifications on diverse physiological processes. These enzymes are involved in releasing phospholipids, which are subsequently utilized in the production of prostaglandin and calcium signaling. Calcium signaling is central to the function of phospholipases and calcium oscillations have an impact on the variety of events of embryo development.

Exploring the remyelinating efficacy of nanoliposomes encapsulating and in a murine model of induced demyelination.

Demyelination leads to neuropathies and clinical deficits. Chemical remyelinating agents have variable efficacy and severe undesirable effects. Withania somnifera and are traditionally known for possessing neuroprotective effects.

The INDEPSO-ISPSM Consensus on Peritoneal Malignancies-Methodology.

Unlabelled: The numerous international guidelines on cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) do not cover many clinically relevant issues for which evidence is limited and some regional issues (HIPEC in limited resource settings, age-limit for CRS, etc.). We describe the methodology of a consensus CRS and HIPEC for peritoneal malignancies carried out under the aegis of the two national societies for peritoneal oncology-INDEPSO and ISPSM.

Comprehensive guidelines for prehabilitation in spine surgery.

Study Design: Literature review.

Objectives: Review prehabilitation techniques used for elective spine surgery to create a comprehensive list of recommendations.

Methods: A systematic review was performed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines by searching three electronic databases from 1997 to 2021.

Indolylmaleimide derivatives as a new class of anti-leishmanial agents: synthesis and biological evaluation.

Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease, primarily affecting poor and developing countries. The present therapeutic approach faces various limitations, such as concerns regarding toxicity, route of administration, and the emergence of drug resistance. Therefore, there is a critical need to identify novel scaffolds to combat this fatal parasitic infection.