Carbon monoxide alarm ownership and maintenance in patients attending the Emergency Departments: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is a significant public health issue, with domestic exposure often linked to poor appliance maintenance and a lack of CO alarms. Despite known risks, CO alarm ownership remains low, particularly among lower socio-economic and ethnic minority groups. This study assessed CO alarm prevalence, characteristics, and maintenance among Emergency Department (ED) patients in the UK.

Long-term exposure to air pollution and risk of dementia among older individuals of a Danish nationwide administrative cohort.

Background: Increasing evidence associates air pollution with dementia, but some pollutants and susceptible groups are understudied.

Methods: We followed all Danish residents aged ≥60 years as of 1-1-2000, without prior dementia, until 12-31-2018 for dementia incidence identified via hospital contact or prescription. We assessed annual mean levels of fine particulate matter (PM), nitrogen dioxide (NO), and black carbon (BC) in 2010 utilizing European-wide hybrid land-use regression models, at baseline (2000) residential addresses.

Assessment of long-term exposure to traffic-related air pollution: An exposure framework.

Background: Exposure to ambient air pollution is associated with morbidity and mortality, making it an important public health concern. Emissions from motorized traffic are a common source of air pollution but evaluating the contribution of traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) emissions to health risks is challenging because it is difficult to disentangle the contribution of individual air pollution sources to exposure contrasts in an epidemiological study.

Objective: This paper describes a new framework to identify whether air pollution differences reflect contrasts in TRAP exposures.

Short-Term Nitrogen Dioxide Exposure and Emergency Hospital Admissions for Asthma in Children: A Case-Crossover Analysis in England.

Background: There is an increasing body of evidence associating short-term ambient nitrogen dioxide (NO) exposure with asthma-related hospital admissions in children. However, most studies have relied on temporally resolved exposure information, potentially ignoring the spatial variability of NO. We aimed to investigate how daily NO estimates from a highly resolved spatio-temporal model are associated with the risk of emergency hospital admission for asthma in children in England.

Preventing Bacterial Contamination of Breast Implants Using Infection Mitigation Techniques: An In Vitro Study.

Background: Bacterial contamination of implants has been linked to biofilm formation and subsequent infection, capsular contracture, and breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma. Reducing contamination during implant insertion should therefore reduce biofilm formation disease sequelae.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare levels of contamination between preventative techniques.

Long-Term Exposure to Low-Level and Mortality: Investigation of Heterogeneity by Harmonizing Analyses in Large Cohort Studies in Canada, United States, and Europe.

Background: Studies across the globe generally reported increased mortality risks associated with particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter () exposure with large heterogeneity in the magnitude of reported associations and the shape of concentration-response functions (CRFs). We aimed to evaluate the impact of key study design factors (including confounders, applied exposure model, population age, and outcome definition) on effect estimates by harmonizing analyses on three previously published large studies in Canada [Mortality-Air Pollution Associations in Low Exposure Environments (MAPLE), 1991-2016], the United States (Medicare, 2000-2016), and Europe [Effects of Low-Level Air Pollution: A Study in Europe (ELAPSE), 2000-2016] as much as possible.

Methods: We harmonized the study populations to individuals years of age, applied the same satellite-derived exposure estimates, and selected the same sets of potential confounders and the same outcome.

Long-Term Exposure to Traffic-Related Air Pollution and Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

We report results of a systematic review on the health effects of long-term traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) and diabetes in the adult population. An expert Panel appointed by the Health Effects Institute conducted this systematic review. We searched the PubMed and LUDOK databases for epidemiological studies from 1980 to July 2019.

Adenovirus 36 Coinfection in People Living with HIV and its Impact on Lipohypertrophy.

Background: Previous studies have implicated human adenovirus 36 (Adv36) as a potential contributor to overweight and obesity. People living with HIV have an altered body composition compared to healthy individuals. There is still no evidence to confirm the relationship of Adv36 as one of the causes of lipohypertrophy.

Association between exposure to multiple air pollutants, transportation noise and cause-specific mortality in adults in Switzerland.

Background: Long-term exposure to air pollution and noise is detrimental to health; but studies that evaluated both remain limited. This study explores associations with natural and cause-specific mortality for a range of air pollutants and transportation noise.

Methods: Over 4 million adults in Switzerland were followed from 2000 to 2014.

Comparison of traditional Cox regression and causal modeling to investigate the association between long-term air pollution exposure and natural-cause mortality within European cohorts.

Most studies investigating the health effects of long-term exposure to air pollution used traditional regression models, although causal inference approaches have been proposed as alternative. However, few studies have applied causal models and comparisons with traditional methods are sparse. We therefore compared the associations between natural-cause mortality and exposure to fine particulate matter (PM) and nitrogen dioxide (NO) using traditional Cox and causal models in a large multicenter cohort setting.

Carpal kinematics and morphological correlates of wrist ulnar deviation mobility in nonhuman anthropoid primates.

Objectives: Primates employ wrist ulnar deviation during a variety of locomotor and manipulative behaviors. Extant hominoids share a derived condition in which the ulnar styloid process has limited articulation or is completely separated from the proximal carpals, which is often hypothesized to increase ulnar deviation range of motion. Acute angulation of the hamate's triquetral facet is also hypothesized to facilitate ulnar deviation mobility and mechanics.

Screening patients for unintentional carbon monoxide exposure in the Emergency Department: a cross-sectional multi-centre study.

Background: Low-level exposure to carbon monoxide (CO) is a significant health concern but is difficult to diagnose. This main study aim was to establish the prevalence of low-level CO poisoning in Emergency Department (ED) patients.

Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study of patients with symptoms of CO exposure was conducted in four UK EDs between December 2018 and March 2020.

Cross-sectional study of carbon monoxide alarm use in patients attending the emergency department: a multicentre survey protocol.

Introduction: The most common place for unintentional, non-fire-related carbon monoxide (CO) exposure to occur is in the home, but this is preventable if CO producing sources are properly maintained and CO alarms/detectors are in use. It is estimated that less than half of all homes have a CO alarm, but there is variation across countries, housing types and different demographic and socioeconomic groups. The purpose of this study is to provide up-to-date data on the use of CO alarms by surveying attendees to emergency departments using an online anonymous questionnaire.

Mortality and Morbidity Effects of Long-Term Exposure to Low-Level PM, BC, NO, and O: An Analysis of European Cohorts in the ELAPSE Project.

Introduction: Epidemiological cohort studies have consistently found associations between long-term exposure to outdoor air pollution and a range of morbidity and mortality endpoints. Recent evaluations by the World Health Organization and the Global Burden of Disease study have suggested that these associations may be nonlinear and may persist at very low concentrations. Studies conducted in North America in particular have suggested that associations with mortality persisted at concentrations of particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 2.

Long-term exposure to air pollution and mortality in a Danish nationwide administrative cohort study: Beyond mortality from cardiopulmonary disease and lung cancer.

Background: The association between long-term exposure to air pollution and mortality from cardiorespiratory diseases is well established, yet the evidence for other diseases remains limited.

Objectives: To examine the associations of long-term exposure to air pollution with mortality from diabetes, dementia, psychiatric disorders, chronic kidney disease (CKD), asthma, acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI), as well as mortality from all-natural and cardiorespiratory causes in the Danish nationwide administrative cohort.

Methods: We followed all residents aged ≥ 30 years (3,083,227) in Denmark from 1 January 2000 until 31 December 2017.

Adenovirus 36 infection and obesity risk: current understanding and future therapeutic strategies.

Introduction: Obesity, a multifactorial disease caused by the interaction between genetic characteristics, metabolism, lifestyle, and environmental factors, is a major global health problem and is currently defined as a pandemic phenomenon. This disease is determined by an interaction of several factors, but the imbalance between energy consumption and expenditure seems to be the crucial point. In some cases, there is no linearity between exposure to those factors that cause the onset of obesity.

Supportive treatment of vascular dysfunction in pediatric subjects with obesity: the OBELIX study.

Introduction: Overweight or obese children develop abnormal endothelial cell dysfunction and arterial intima-media thickening with increased vasomotor tone and inflammation. Curcumin, resveratrol, zinc, magnesium, selenium, and vitamin D have shown beneficial effects on endothelial function. We test, among overweight and obese pediatric subjects, the effects on the endothelium of a combination of curcumin, resveratrol, zinc, magnesium, selenium, and vitamin D.

Long-term exposure to low ambient air pollution concentrations and mortality among 28 million people: results from seven large European cohorts within the ELAPSE project.

Background: Long-term exposure to ambient air pollution has been associated with premature mortality, but associations at concentrations lower than current annual limit values are uncertain. We analysed associations between low-level air pollution and mortality within the multicentre study Effects of Low-Level Air Pollution: A Study in Europe (ELAPSE).

Methods: In this multicentre longitudinal study, we analysed seven population-based cohorts of adults (age ≥30 years) within ELAPSE, from Belgium, Denmark, England, the Netherlands, Norway, Rome (Italy), and Switzerland (enrolled in 2000-11; follow-up until 2011-17).